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Energies
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Modelling of Thermal and Energy Systems II
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Modelling of Thermal and Energy Systems II

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "J: Thermal Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 April 2023) | Viewed by 3305

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Francisco Vera García

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Thermal and Fluids Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
Interests: internal combustion engines; two-phase flow; heat exchangers design; evaporation & condensation processes; efficiency use of energy; thermal & PV solar energy; water desalinization
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

At present, in the Industry 4.0 era, it is possible to respond to the behavior of several real systems with a very good adjustment. Modelling tools are present in the majority of engineering disciplines, including energy, manufacturing, reliability, business, etc. However, it is interesting to define Modelling properly, to separate from and not confuse Modelling with simulation.

A correct model solves the physical equations representing the real phenomena that are going to take place in a real system. The fidelity of the model will be strongly determined by the correct physical laws included in the model, the simplifying assumptions, and subjected validation process for the model. A model is able to obtain parameters from different integrated parts of a complex system. In addition, a model is a powerful tool to optimize and to predict a real system.

Meanwhile, a simulation is the statistical response of a system; therefore, the reliability of a simulation is based on the amount of disposable data for the simulated system. In fact, Big Data techniques simulate a known system, but they are not able to get a response from new systems.

Utilizing Modelling tools, we are able to accurately predict the energy flows, power requirements, energy consumption, temperature, humidity, pressure, etc. for several components and their interconnections to develop complex Modelling systems. It is possible to evaluate the impact of a specific measure on a component (i.e., a partial optimization, changes of an environmental/internal parameter, etc.) and to obtain the impact of the whole system. Furthermore, the combination of Modelling and experimentation is the best strategy for the analysis, acquisition of knowledge, optimization, and control of a thermal or energy system.

This Special Issue focuses on the analysis, design, validation, response, and implementation of Modelling of Thermal and Energy Systems. The topics of interest for the Special Issue include (but are not limited to):

  • Modelling of thermal systems;
  • Modelling of complex energy systems;
  • Thermal correlations Modelling;
  • Two-phase flow Modelling;
  • Heat exchangers Modelling and design;
  • Modelling of internal combustion engines;
  • Reliability and failure detection Modelling;
  • Air conditioning and refrigerant systems;
  • Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for thermal and energy systems;
  • Modelling of thermal processes (evaporation and condensation);
  • Modelling of energy flows;
  • Optimization and efficiency use of energy systems;
  • Renewable energy models, thermal and PV solar energy, wind, biomass, biofuels, etc.;
  • Modelling of the desalinization process;
  • Thermal energy storage Modelling;
  • Modelling of building energy consumption, isolation of buildings, etc.

Prof. Dr. Francisco Vera García
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • thermal systems
  • energy systems
  • thermal correlations
  • heat exchangers
  • internal combustion engines
  • reliability
  • failure detection
  • air conditioning systems
  • refrigerant systems
  • computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
  • evaporation
  • condensation
  • energy flows
  • optimization of energy systems
  • renewable energies
  • desalinization process
  • thermal energy storage
  • building energy consumption

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 6137 KiB  
Article
Hybrid Propulsion Efficiency Increment through Exhaust Energy Recovery—Part 2: Numerical Simulation Results
by Emiliano Pipitone, Salvatore Caltabellotta, Antonino Sferlazza and Maurizio Cirrincione
Energies 2023, 16(5), 2232; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16052232 - 25 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1351
Abstract
The efficiency of hybrid electric vehicles may be substantially increased if the energy of exhaust gases, which do not complete the expansion inside the cylinder of the internal combustion engine, is efficiently recovered using a properly designed turbo-generator and employed for vehicle propulsion. [...] Read more.
The efficiency of hybrid electric vehicles may be substantially increased if the energy of exhaust gases, which do not complete the expansion inside the cylinder of the internal combustion engine, is efficiently recovered using a properly designed turbo-generator and employed for vehicle propulsion. Previous studies, carried out by the same authors of this work, showed a potential hybrid vehicle fuel efficiency increment up to 15% employing a 20 kW turbine on a 100 HP-rated power thermal unit. The innovative thermal unit proposed here is composed of a supercharged engine endowed with a properly designed turbo-generator, which comprises two fundamental elements: an exhaust gas turbine expressly designed and optimized for the application, and a suitable electric generator necessary to convert the recovered energy into electric energy, which can be stored in the on-board energy storage system of the vehicle. In this two-part work, the realistic efficiency of the innovative thermal unit for hybrid vehicles is evaluated and compared to a traditional turbocharged engine. In Part 1, the authors presented a model for the prediction of the efficiency of a dedicated radial turbine, based on a simple but effective mean-line approach; the same paper also reports a design algorithm, which, thanks to some assumptions and approximations, allows fast determination of the right turbine geometry for a given design operating condition. It is worth pointing out that, being optimized for quasi-steady power production, the exhaust gas turbine here considered is quite different from the ones commonly employed for turbocharging applications; for this reason, and in consideration of the required power size, such a turbine is not available on the market, nor has its development been previously carried out in the scientific literature. In this paper, Part 2, a radial turbine geometry is defined for the thermal unit previously calculated, employing the design algorithm described in Part 1; the realistic energetic advantages that could be achieved by the implementation of the turbo-generator on a hybrid propulsion system are evaluated through the performance prediction model under different operating conditions of the thermal unit. As an overall result, it was estimated that, compared to a reference traditional turbocharged engine, the turbo-compound system could gain vehicle efficiency improvement between 3.1% and 17.9%, according to the output power delivered, with an average efficiency increment of 10.9% evaluated on the whole operating range. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modelling of Thermal and Energy Systems II)
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25 pages, 3610 KiB  
Article
Hybrid Propulsion Efficiency Increment through Exhaust Energy Recovery—Part 1: Radial Turbine Modelling and Design
by Emiliano Pipitone, Salvatore Caltabellotta, Antonino Sferlazza and Maurizio Cirrincione
Energies 2023, 16(3), 1030; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16031030 - 17 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1612
Abstract
The efficiency of Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) may be substantially increased if the energy of the exhaust gases, which do not complete the expansion inside the cylinder of the internal combustion engine, is efficiently recovered by means of a properly designed turbogenerator and [...] Read more.
The efficiency of Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) may be substantially increased if the energy of the exhaust gases, which do not complete the expansion inside the cylinder of the internal combustion engine, is efficiently recovered by means of a properly designed turbogenerator and employed for vehicle propulsion; previous studies, carried out by the same authors of this work, showed a potential hybrid vehicle fuel efficiency increment up to 15% by employing a 20 kW turbine on a 100 HP rated power thermal unit. The innovative thermal unit here proposed is composed of a supercharged engine endowed with a properly designed turbogenerator, which comprises two fundamental elements: an exhaust gas turbine expressly designed and optimized for the application, and a suitable electric generator necessary to convert the recovered energy into electric energy, which can be stored in the on-board energy storage system of the vehicle. In these two parts, the realistic efficiency of the innovative thermal unit for hybrid vehicle is evaluated and compared to a traditional turbocharged engine. In Part 1, the authors present a model for the prediction of the efficiency of a dedicated radial turbine, based on a simple but effective mean-line approach; the same paper also reports a design algorithm, which, owing to some assumptions and approximations, allows a fast determination of the proper turbine geometry for a given design operating condition. It is worth pointing out that, being optimized for quasi-steady power production, the exhaust gas turbine considered is quite different from the ones commonly employed for turbocharging application; for this reason, and in consideration of the required power size, such a turbine is not available on the market, nor has its development been previously carried out in the scientific literature. In the Part 2 paper, a radial turbine geometry is defined for the thermal unit previously calculated, employing the design algorithm described in Part 1; the realistic energetic advantage that could be achieved by the implementation of the turbogenerator on a hybrid propulsion system is evaluated through the performance prediction model under the different operating conditions of the thermal unit. As an overall result, it was estimated that, compared to a reference traditional turbocharged engine, the turbocompound system could gain vehicle efficiency improvement between 3.1% and 17.9%, depending on the output power level, while an average efficiency increment of 10.9% was determined for the whole operating range. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modelling of Thermal and Energy Systems II)
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