Sources and Markets of New Energy Minerals for Renewable Energy Generation and Storage
A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A: Sustainable Energy".
Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2022) | Viewed by 36219
Special Issue Editor
Interests: mineral management; economic geology; mineral policy; applied mineralogy; circular economy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Special Issue Information
Dear Colleagues,
The share of renewable sources in the world’s total energy generation is expected to rise from ca. 10% in 2015 to at least 40%, but maybe even 70%, in 2050. Of the renewable energy sources, those with the greatest development prospects to 2050 are solar and wind energy. However, a key issue with their efficient use is the development of effective, large‑scale energy storage systems. Another key factor limiting the expected development of the use of solar and wind energy is the availability of the minerals that are absolutely crucial to the production of:
- wind turbines, which require such rare earth metals as neodymium, praseodymium, dysprosium, and terbium and to some extent require boron, rhenium, tantalum, etc.;
- photovoltaic cells, which require gallium, indium, silver, selenium, tellurium, and silicon and to some extent require, or in the future may require, cadmium, germanium, molybdenum, niobium, etc.; and
- new generations of batteries, accumulators, and large-scale energy storage systems, which require lithium, nickel, cobalt, manganese, graphite, and lead and to some extent require, or in the future may require, zinc, cadmium, vanadium, etc.
Demand for many of these minerals over the next 30 years may be 4–12 times higher than their current total production, which may be a significant factor limiting the development of the use of these leading renewable energy sources.
In this context, this Special Issue aims to present the results of research on various aspects of the management, sources (existing and possible), and markets of the abovementioned minerals, which are currently used or may in the future be used for the production of wind turbines and photovoltaic cells and batteries, taking into account the issue of the security of their delivery within mineral policy frameworks at an individual country level and the international level.
Prof. Dr. Krzysztof Galos
Guest Editor
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Keywords
- minerals for renewable energy generation and storage
- mineral markets
- mineral security
- mineral policy
- energy security
- renewable energy
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