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Wave Energy Conversion 2021
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Wave Energy Conversion 2021

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A3: Wind, Wave and Tidal Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2021) | Viewed by 11377

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Sergio Camporeale

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanics Mathematics and Management, Polytechnic University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
Interests: gas turbines; combustion; wave energy; wind turbine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are inviting submissions to a Special Issue of Energies on the subject area of “Wave Energy Conversion”. All over the world, there is an increasing demand for energy that should be satisfied by renewable sources instead of fossil fuels to avoid the increase of greenhouse gases and particularly CO2 emissions, with consequent effects on global warming. Among renewable energy sources, wave energy is largely available along the coasts of oceans and seas and a large growth in wave energy installations is expected in the next years, as soon as wave energy converter (WEC) technologies become more mature. Currently, a number of different WECs have been proposed and tested, but large scale commercial installations are not yet in operation.

The aim of this Special Issue on “Wave Energy Conversion” is to collect significant scientific contributions regarding the most promising technologies, for on-shore, near-shore and off-shore installations. Papers concerning various WEC systems are welcome, for instance (but not limited to) on-shore and floating oscillating water columns, point absorbers, overtopping breakwaters, etc.

We invite researchers to contribute original research articles, as well as review articles. Contributions will promote public understanding of the operational principles of the various technologies. We are particularly interested in articles presenting novel ideas, innovative technologies, case studies, new approaches and theories or optimization methods that can help to enhance the efficiency and reduce the costs of energy production by means of WECs. The results of extensive experimental tests are most welcome.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to:

  • wave energy resources;
  • wave energy devices and capture process;
  • the hydrodynamics of the wave–structure interaction and flow inside the device;
  • turbines and other power take-off devices, such as elastomeric systems, linear electric converters;
  • mooring and foundations
  • modelling and simulation tools;
  • experiments on full scale and small-scale systems;
  • structure design, fatigue and failure analysis;
  • reliability, operation and maintenance, survivability in extreme waves;
  • grid integration;
  • economic analysis;
  • environmental impact.

Prof. Dr. Sergio Camporeale
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • wave energy resource
  • wave energy converter (WEC)
  • oscillating water column (OWC)
  • WEC hydrodynamics
  • wells turbine
  • impulse turbine
  • point absorbers
  • overtopping breakwaters

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

28 pages, 13317 KiB  
Article
Performance of Linear Generator Designs for Direct Drive Wave Energy Converter under Unidirectional Long-Crested Random Waves
by Budi Azhari, Fransisco Danang Wijaya and Edwar Yazid
Energies 2021, 14(16), 5098; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14165098 - 18 Aug 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3418
Abstract
For generating electricity, direct-drive wave energy converters (WECs) with linear permanent magnet generators (LPMGs) have advantages in terms of efficiency, simplicity, and force-to-weight ratio over WEC with rotary generators. However, the converter’s work under approaching-real wave conditions should be investigated. This paper studies [...] Read more.
For generating electricity, direct-drive wave energy converters (WECs) with linear permanent magnet generators (LPMGs) have advantages in terms of efficiency, simplicity, and force-to-weight ratio over WEC with rotary generators. However, the converter’s work under approaching-real wave conditions should be investigated. This paper studies the performance of a pico-scale WEC with two different LPMGs under unidirectional long-crested random waves. Different significant wave heights (using data in the Southern Ocean of Yogyakarta, Indonesia) and peak frequencies are tested. The JONSWAP energy spectrum is used to extract the wave elevations, while the MSS toolbox in MATLAB Simulink is employed to solve the floater’s dynamic responses. Next, the translator movements are extracted and combined with the flux distribution from FEMM simulation and analytical calculation, and the output powers are obtained. An experiment is conducted to test the output under constant speed. The results show for both designs, different tested significant wave height values produce higher output powers than peak frequency variation, but there is no specific trend on them. Meanwhile, the peak frequency is inversely proportional to the output power. Elimination of the non-facing events results in increasing output power under both parameters’ variation, with higher significant wave height resulting in a bigger increase. The semi iron-cored LPMG produces lower power loss and higher efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wave Energy Conversion 2021)
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15 pages, 3495 KiB  
Article
Novel Intelligent Control Technology for Enhanced Stability Performance of an Ocean Wave Energy Conversion System
by Kai-Hung Lu, Chih-Ming Hong, Xiaojing Tan and Fu-Sheng Cheng
Energies 2021, 14(7), 2027; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14072027 - 6 Apr 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1880
Abstract
In this article, a novelty control structure of grid-connected doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) based on a function link (FL)-based Wilcoxon radial basis function network (FLWRBFN) controller is proposed. The back-propagation (BP) method is used online to train the node connecting weights of the [...] Read more.
In this article, a novelty control structure of grid-connected doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) based on a function link (FL)-based Wilcoxon radial basis function network (FLWRBFN) controller is proposed. The back-propagation (BP) method is used online to train the node connecting weights of the FLWRBFN. To improve the online learning capability of FLWBFN, differential evolution with particle swarm optimization (DEPSO) is used to tune the learning rates of FLWRBFN. For high randomness of wave energy generation, the transmission power between generators and electrical grids is easy to unstable and AC bus voltage and DC voltage will also lose constant under the conditions of variable generator speed and variable load. Therefore, the proposed intelligent controller can maintain the above power balance and voltage constant and reduce fluctuation. Finally, PSCAD/EMTDC software is used to simulate and study various cases to confirm the robustness and usefulness of the proposed intelligent control technology applied to an ocean wave energy conversion system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wave Energy Conversion 2021)
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19 pages, 23806 KiB  
Article
CFD Analysis of the Performance of a Double Decker Turbine for Wave Energy Conversion
by Manuel García-Díaz, Bruno Pereiras, Celia Miguel-González, Laudino Rodríguez and Jesús Fernández-Oro
Energies 2021, 14(4), 949; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14040949 - 11 Feb 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1892
Abstract
The Double Decker Turbine (DDT) is a recent design introduced for oscillating water column (OWC) devices. Its major contribution is the combination of two typical solutions in just one prototype: a self-rectifying performance, to deal with the bidirectional flow, and the twin-turbine concept, [...] Read more.
The Double Decker Turbine (DDT) is a recent design introduced for oscillating water column (OWC) devices. Its major contribution is the combination of two typical solutions in just one prototype: a self-rectifying performance, to deal with the bidirectional flow, and the twin-turbine concept, allowing the use of unidirectional turbines. This is achieved by a set of two concentric turbines, called external and internal turbines (ExT—InT). In this work, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) numerical model is developed to study in detail the performance of a DDT, where geometrical components for both turbines have been taken from previous works of the authors. The ANSYS-Fluent code was first executed by means of a URANS simulation with a realizable k-ε turbulence model to obtain the performance curve of the turbine under steady conditions. Results obtained reveal its potential with respect to other solutions in the current state-of-the-art of OWC solutions for Wave Energy Conversion. Following a non-steady analysis, we assumed a sinusoidal input from the chamber which also resulted in promising results. Finally, the flow analysis inside the DDT allowed the authors to envisage geometric improvements that could enhance the DDT efficiency on future works. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wave Energy Conversion 2021)
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30 pages, 16872 KiB  
Article
Power Performance Analysis According to the Configuration and Load Control Algorithm of Power Take-Off System for Oscillating Water Column Type Wave Energy Converters
by Roh Chan, Kil-Won Kim, Ji-Yong Park, Se-Wan Park, Kyong-Hwan Kim and Sang-Shin Kwak
Energies 2020, 13(23), 6415; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13236415 - 4 Dec 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2921
Abstract
A power take-off (PTO) system for an oscillating water column (OWC) wave energy converter comprises a turbine-generator-power converter. In this study, only the topologies of the power converter that affect the load control algorithm are compared. A power converter for renewable energy is [...] Read more.
A power take-off (PTO) system for an oscillating water column (OWC) wave energy converter comprises a turbine-generator-power converter. In this study, only the topologies of the power converter that affect the load control algorithm are compared. A power converter for renewable energy is composed of a diode-dc/dc converter and a pulse-width modulation (PWM) converter operating at small and large capacities, respectively. However, selecting a power converter according to the capacity based on the characteristics of the wave energy converter, in which the input energy is highly fluctuating, can significantly reduce the power performance. Thus, to verify load control characteristics according to the topology of the power converter, the turbine-generator-power converter was incorporated in the modeling, and the power performance based on the power converter topology under various wave conditions was analyzed. Further, torque control to obtain the maximum power among load control algorithms was applied under irregular wave conditions, and the power performance and PTO system characteristics according to the torque coefficient were analyzed. The results of this study suggested an increase in the torque coefficient of the maximum power control for the operational stability of the OWC-WEC, and it was confirmed that the RPM characteristics of the PTO system were reduced. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wave Energy Conversion 2021)
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