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Energies
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Advances in Control of Photovoltaic and Microgrid Systems
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Advances in Control of Photovoltaic and Microgrid Systems

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A1: Smart Grids and Microgrids".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (21 April 2023) | Viewed by 13634

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Bidyadhar Subudhi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Electrical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Goa, Farmagudi, Ponda, Goa 403401, India
Interests: system & control theory; robust and adaptive control; control of photovoltaic system and microgrid; active power filtering; wide area control of power system
Dr. Pravat Kumar Ray

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
Interests: system identification; signal processing and soft computing applications to power system; power quality; energy management in microgrid; solar irradiance forecasting; grid integration of EVs; renewable energy systems

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With the increasing climatic changes and global warming, there is a serious concern over detrimental environmental impacts owing to power generation using fossil fuels. Hence the focus is to harness electricity from renewables. Photovoltaic (PV) conversion system is considered as the most popular renewable energy sources providing greener solution to generate electricity. However, there lie a lot of challenges on the control of PV and microgrid systems for standalone and grid connected modes. Power electronic conversion is necessitated for integration of PV and microgrid systems to utility grid or operating these even in standalone configuration. Effective operation of a PV or a microgrid system can be accomplished by exploiting advanced control techniques for ensuring stability and power quality. Suitable topology, modelling and optimization of power electronic interface and control are essential to address the aforesaid challenges. Therefore, it is imperative to work on the above issues by designing suitable control schemes for PV and microgrid systems.

The special issue will cover but not limited to:

  • MPPT control of photovoltaic system
  • IOT based Smart Solar Photovoltaic Monitoring System
  • Power quality enhancement in Photovoltaic integrated Microgrid
  • Control of microgrid system
  • Forecasting of photovoltaic generation
  • Power management and control in a PV, EV and battery integrated Microgrid
  • Control and Stability analysis of grid-connected PV systems

Prof. Dr. Bidyadhar Subudhi
Dr. Pravat Kumar Ray
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • Photovoltaic System
  • Grid Synchronization
  • LVRT
  • Grid Code
  • Control System
  • MPPT
  • Forecasting
  • Power Electronic Converters
  • Microgrid
  • Microgrid Control
  • Stability

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 4478 KiB  
Article
Optimal Hierarchical Control for Smart Grid Inverters Using Stability Margin Evaluating Transient Voltage for Photovoltaic System
by Wilson Pavon, Esteban Inga, Silvio Simani and Matthew Armstrong
Energies 2023, 16(5), 2450; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16052450 - 4 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1961
Abstract
This research proposed an optimal control approach for a smart grid electrical system with photovoltaic generation, where the control variables are voltage and frequency, which aims to improve the performance through addressing the need for a balance between the minimization of error and [...] Read more.
This research proposed an optimal control approach for a smart grid electrical system with photovoltaic generation, where the control variables are voltage and frequency, which aims to improve the performance through addressing the need for a balance between the minimization of error and the operational cost. The proposed control scheme incorporates the latest advancements in heuristics and hierarchical control strategies to provide an efficient and effective solution for the smart grid electrical system control. Implementing the optimal control scheme in a smart power grid is expected to bring significant benefits, such as the reduced impact of renewable energy sources, improved stability, reliability and efficiency of the power grid, and enhanced overall performance. The optimal coefficient values are found by minimizing the cost functions, which leads to a more efficient system performance. The voltage output response of the system in a steady state is over-damped, with no overshoot, but with a 5% oscillation around the target voltage level that remains consistent. Despite the complexity of nonlinear elements’ behavior and multiple system interactions, the response time is fast and the settling time is less than 0.4 s. This means that even with an increase in load, the system output still meets the power and voltage requirements of the system, ensuring efficient and effective performance of the smart grid electrical systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Control of Photovoltaic and Microgrid Systems)
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20 pages, 9162 KiB  
Article
Power Management in Three-Phase Grid-Integrated PV System with Hybrid Energy Storage System
by Chinmaya Jagdev Jena and Pravat Kumar Ray
Energies 2023, 16(4), 2030; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16042030 - 18 Feb 2023
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2185
Abstract
The management of energy in distribution networks has been gathering attention in recent years. The simultaneous control of generation and demand is crucial for achieving energy savings and can further lower energy pricing. The work aims to develop a control scheme for a [...] Read more.
The management of energy in distribution networks has been gathering attention in recent years. The simultaneous control of generation and demand is crucial for achieving energy savings and can further lower energy pricing. The work aims to develop a control scheme for a hybrid microgrid that can provide stability to the bus voltage and effectively manage the power flow. Solar energy is the current trend in renewable energy sources (RES). There is a surge in the installation of solar PV systems both on a large scale and on a small scale, such as rooftop PV systems. Installation of RES at residential premises has to be conducted with a proper power management scheme. The hybrid microgrid for this work consists of a PV system with a boost converter to extract maximum power, a DC-DC bi-directional converter to charge or discharge the hybrid energy-storing devices, and a three-phase AC-DC interlinking converter for exchange of energy with the utility grid. The control and power management scheme checks the voltage of each unit and maintains the power flow according to operating conditions. Disturbances are introduced in the form of load switching and irradiance variation to check the system performance. The system is tested on the MATLAB (R2021a) Simulink platform for varying its different modes of operations. An experimental set-up has been developed with hardware-in-the-loop to validate the simulation results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Control of Photovoltaic and Microgrid Systems)
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17 pages, 6578 KiB  
Article
Reduced Sensor Based Control of PV-DSTATCOM with Switch Current Limiting Scheme
by Pragnyashree Ray, Pravat Kumar Ray and Mousa Marzband
Energies 2022, 15(22), 8727; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15228727 - 20 Nov 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1438
Abstract
The work delineated in this paper deals with the reduced sensor-based operation of PV-DSTATCOM (Photovoltaic distribution static compensator) focusing on the voltage source inverter (VSI) switch current limiting control. In this study, the soft computing technique of PV-DSTATCOM control based on the variable [...] Read more.
The work delineated in this paper deals with the reduced sensor-based operation of PV-DSTATCOM (Photovoltaic distribution static compensator) focusing on the voltage source inverter (VSI) switch current limiting control. In this study, the soft computing technique of PV-DSTATCOM control based on the variable leaky least mean square (VLLMS) algorithm is modified to incorporate both reduced sensor and switch current limiting schemes. DSTATCOM is predominantly introduced to improve current related power quality issues by providing non-real power (i.e., the reactive and harmonic component) of the load demand. However, during uncertain increase in the non-real power requirement at the load end due to sudden change in the load demand or any other transient conditions, the non-real current injected by the DSTATCOM may increase to a level which is beyond the current handling capacity of the DSTATCOM switches. As a consequence, the switches may become permanently damaged and, subsequently, the performance of the DSTATCOM will deteriorate. Hence, the current through the VSI switches can be limited by controlling the amount of non-real power flow from the DSTATCOM. During this transient or high current condition, the control transits from power quality improvement mode to protection mode. As a result, unity power factor operation at P.C.C (common point of coupling) is compromised for that period or few cycles of transient condition. Moreover, the efficient operation of any control demands proper information about the current and the voltage of the system, which are determined by sensors. However, the faults in these sensors may deteriorate the controller performance and degrade the system efficacy. Therefore, to mitigate this issue, the numbers of measurement units are reduced i.e., the measurement of current in only two phases for load as well as grid, and the measurement of line voltages using two voltage sensors instead of three sensors for each phase. The reduction of sensors is accomplished without compromising the controller efficiency. Further, the system is studied using MATLAB/Simulink under different condition of steady- state, varying solar irradiance, increasing load above rated capacity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Control of Photovoltaic and Microgrid Systems)
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21 pages, 4301 KiB  
Article
Cleaner Potential for Natural Rubber Drying Process Using Microwave Technology Powered by Solar Energy
by Suratsavadee Koonlaboon Korkua, Sureurg Khongtong, Pravat Kumar Ray and Kamon Thinsurat
Energies 2022, 15(18), 6564; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15186564 - 8 Sep 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2269
Abstract
To reduce carbon dioxide emissions from traditional drying methods, this research investigated the use of microwave technology for drying Standard Thai Rubber (STR) in Thailand. Commercial microwave ovens were modified and integrated with the microwave emitting power control system to maintain the appropriate [...] Read more.
To reduce carbon dioxide emissions from traditional drying methods, this research investigated the use of microwave technology for drying Standard Thai Rubber (STR) in Thailand. Commercial microwave ovens were modified and integrated with the microwave emitting power control system to maintain the appropriate temperature levels to evaporate the moisture from rubber. Throughout the drying process, the temperature of the rubber was measured both internally and outside. The results revealed that STR5L and STR20 could be dried satisfactorily and met the requirements for standard Thai rubber properties by utilizing 500 W for 140 and 120 min, respectively. By keeping the temperatures less than 150 °C, rubbers’ molecular structure is not destroyed from internal heat stress. Although utilizing less power for a longer period of time is possible, more energy was used, which is unfavorable. Compared to traditional hot air drying technologies, which take approximately 4–6 h for the drying process, microwave technology potentially reduces the drying time by half or more. If solar energy is used to supply electrical energy, 300,000 tons of Carbon dioxide can potentially be eliminated annually in the STR drying industry in Thailand by promoting approximately 1115 MW of Photovoltaic technology installations with the solar resources in southern Thailand. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Control of Photovoltaic and Microgrid Systems)
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Review

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18 pages, 2789 KiB  
Review
Power Management Strategies in a Hybrid Energy Storage System Integrated AC/DC Microgrid: A Review
by Anindya Bharatee, Pravat Kumar Ray, Bidyadhar Subudhi and Arnab Ghosh
Energies 2022, 15(19), 7176; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15197176 - 29 Sep 2022
Cited by 38 | Viewed by 4923
Abstract
The limited availability of fossil fuel and the growing energy demand in the world creates global energy challenges. These challenges have driven the electric power system to adopt the renewable source-based power production system to get green and clean energy. However, the trend [...] Read more.
The limited availability of fossil fuel and the growing energy demand in the world creates global energy challenges. These challenges have driven the electric power system to adopt the renewable source-based power production system to get green and clean energy. However, the trend of the introduction of renewable power sources increases the uncertainty in the production, control, and operation of power systems due to the erratic nature of the environment. To overcome these meteorological conditions, some support systems, such as storage devices, are integrated with renewable energy sources (RES). A number of storage devices are hybridized to get the hybrid energy storage system (HESS) to get a potential solution for these microgrid problems. For maintaining the robustness and reliability of the power system, proper control, and management of power in the microgrid is very important. In this paper, an analytical study related to power management strategies is given along with different interconnection topologies for the HESS. Analysis and control of storage devices are necessary to avoid the premature degradation of the devices and to get their optimal utilization. Therefore, this article attempts to include different power management schemes used in AC/DC microgrids. Furthermore, various control techniques specific to different energy storage devices are reviewed extensively, which would serve as a complete guide for the design and implementation of a hybrid AC/DC microgrid. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Control of Photovoltaic and Microgrid Systems)
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