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Energies
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Modelling of Wireless Power Transfer
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Modelling of Wireless Power Transfer

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A1: Smart Grids and Microgrids".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 October 2020) | Viewed by 26180

Printed Edition Available!
A printed edition of this Special Issue is available here.

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ben Minnaert

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Applied Sciences, Odisee University College, KU Leuven Association, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, 9000 Gent, Belgium
Interests: wireless power transfer; energy harvesting; energy efficiency; embedded systems; wireless sensor networks and IoT-applications
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Mauro Mongiardo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electronic and Information, University of Perugia, EngineeringVia G. Duranti, 93Perugia 06125, Italy
Interests: microwave; antennas; guided waves; CAD; wireless power transfer
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Technically, any device that needs power can become an application for wireless power transfer (WPT). The current list of applications in which WPT is applied is therefore very diverse, from low-power portable electronics and household devices to high-power industrial automation and electric vehicles. With the rise of IoT sensor networks and industry 4.0, the presence of WPT will only increase.

In order to improve the current state of the art, models are being developed and tested experimentally. Such models represent either part of the WPT technology (e.g., the wireless link itself) or are focused on a certain application (e.g., transcutaneous energy transfer). They allow simulating, quantifying, predicting, or visualizing certain aspects of the power transfer from transmitter(s) to receiver(s). Moreover, they often result in a better understanding of the fundamentals of the wireless link.

This Special Issue, entitled “Modelling of Wireless Power Transfer” mainly covers original research related to the modelling of WPT, including academic and theoretical studies, as well as experimental work. It covers a broad range of models, from conceptual and graphical models to mathematical and numerical models. Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Near-field WPT;
  • Inductive coupling;
  • Capacitive coupling;
  • Far-field WPT;
  • Microwave/RF WPT;
  • Multiple transmitters and/or receivers;
  • Optimizing working conditions;
  • Frequency control;
  • Optimizing power transfer/efficiency/gains;
  • Components design;
  • Electronics design.

Dr. Ben Minnaert
Prof. Dr. Mauro Mongiardo
Guest Editors

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • wireless power transfer
  • inductive power transfer
  • capacitive power transfer
  • microwave/RF wireless power transfer
  • magnetic resonance
  • modelling
  • simulations
  • electric vehicles
  • IoT
  • wireless sensor networks
  • medical implants
  • electronics design
  • components design
  • energy harvesting.

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Published Papers (8 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 912 KiB  
Article
Optimal Terminations for a Single-Input Multiple-Output Resonant Inductive WPT Link
by Giuseppina Monti, Mauro Mongiardo, Ben Minnaert, Alessandra Costanzo and Luciano Tarricone
Energies 2020, 13(19), 5157; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13195157 - 3 Oct 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1848
Abstract
This paper analyzes a resonant inductive wireless power transfer link using a single transmitter and multiple receivers. The link is described as an (N+1)–port network and the problem of efficiency maximization is formulated as a generalized eigenvalue problem. [...] Read more.
This paper analyzes a resonant inductive wireless power transfer link using a single transmitter and multiple receivers. The link is described as an (N+1)–port network and the problem of efficiency maximization is formulated as a generalized eigenvalue problem. It is shown that the desired solution can be derived through simple algebraic operations on the impedance matrix of the link. The analytical expressions of the loads and the generator impedances that maximize the efficiency are derived and discussed. It is demonstrated that the maximum realizable efficiency of the link does not depend on the coupling among the receivers that can be always compensated. Circuital simulation results validating the presented theory are reported and discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modelling of Wireless Power Transfer)
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22 pages, 8869 KiB  
Article
Scaling-Factor and Design Guidelines for Shielded-Capacitive Power Transfer
by Aam Muharam, Suziana Ahmad and Reiji Hattori
Energies 2020, 13(16), 4240; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13164240 - 16 Aug 2020
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2805
Abstract
This paper introduces scaling-factor and design guidelines for shielded-capacitive power transfer (shielded-CPT) systems, offering a simplified design process, coupling-structure optimization, and consideration of safety. A novel scaling-factor-analysis method is proposed by determining the configuration of the coupling structure that improves system safety and [...] Read more.
This paper introduces scaling-factor and design guidelines for shielded-capacitive power transfer (shielded-CPT) systems, offering a simplified design process, coupling-structure optimization, and consideration of safety. A novel scaling-factor-analysis method is proposed by determining the configuration of the coupling structure that improves system safety and increases operating efficiency while minimizing the gap between the shield and the coupler plate. The inductor-series resistance is also analyzed to study the loss efficiency in the shielded-CPT system. The relationship among the shield-coupler gap, distance between the couplers, conductive-plate size, and delivered power is examined and presented. The proposed method is validated by implementing the shielded-CPT system with hardware and the result suggests that the proposed method can be used to design shielded-CPT systems with scaling-factor and safety considerations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modelling of Wireless Power Transfer)
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17 pages, 1112 KiB  
Article
Capacitive Wireless Power Transfer with Multiple Transmitters: Efficiency Optimization
by Ben Minnaert, Alessandra Costanzo, Giuseppina Monti and Mauro Mongiardo
Energies 2020, 13(13), 3482; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13133482 - 6 Jul 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3138
Abstract
Wireless power transfer with multiple transmitters can have several advantages, including more robustness against misalignment and extending the mobility and range of the receiver(s). In this work, the efficiency maximization problem is analytically solved for a capacitive wireless power transfer system with multiple [...] Read more.
Wireless power transfer with multiple transmitters can have several advantages, including more robustness against misalignment and extending the mobility and range of the receiver(s). In this work, the efficiency maximization problem is analytically solved for a capacitive wireless power transfer system with multiple coupled transmitters and a single receiver. It is found that the system efficiency can be increased by adding more transmitters. Moreover, it is proven that the cross-coupling between the transmitters can be eliminated by adding shunt susceptances at the input ports. Optimal values for the input currents and receiver load are determined to achieve maximum efficiency. As well the optimal load, the optimal input currents and the maximum efficiency are independent on the cross-coupling. By impedance-matching the internal conductances of the generators, the maximum-efficiency solution also becomes the one that provides the maximum output power. Finally, by expressing each transmitter–receiver link with its kQ-product, the maximum system efficiency can be calculated. The analytical results are verified by circuital simulation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modelling of Wireless Power Transfer)
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Graphical abstract

17 pages, 6395 KiB  
Article
Numerical and Circuit Modeling of the Low-Power Periodic WPT Systems
by Adam Steckiewicz, Jacek Maciej Stankiewicz and Agnieszka Choroszucho
Energies 2020, 13(10), 2651; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13102651 - 22 May 2020
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3609
Abstract
This article presents a method for analysis of the low-power periodic Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) system, using field and circuit models. A three-dimensional numerical model of multi-segment charging system, with periodic boundary conditions and current sheet approximation was solved by using the finite [...] Read more.
This article presents a method for analysis of the low-power periodic Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) system, using field and circuit models. A three-dimensional numerical model of multi-segment charging system, with periodic boundary conditions and current sheet approximation was solved by using the finite element method (FEM) and discussed. An equivalent circuit model of periodic WPT system was proposed, and required lumped parameters were obtained, utilizing analytical formulae. Mathematical formulations were complemented by analysis of some geometrical variants, where transmitting and receiving coils with different sizes and numbers of turns were considered. The results indicated that the proposed circuit model was able to achieve similar accuracy as the numerical model. However, the complexity of model and analysis were significantly reduced. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modelling of Wireless Power Transfer)
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Graphical abstract

19 pages, 1363 KiB  
Article
Optimal Design and Comparison of High-Frequency Resonant and Non-Resonant Rotary Transformers
by Koen Bastiaens, Dave C. J. Krop, Sultan Jumayev and Elena A. Lomonova
Energies 2020, 13(4), 929; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13040929 - 19 Feb 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2551
Abstract
This paper concerns the optimal design and comparative analysis of resonant and non-resonant high-frequency GaN-based rotating transformers. A multi-physical design approach is employed, in which magnetic, electrical, and thermal models are coupled. The results are verified by experiments. Two different optimization objectives are [...] Read more.
This paper concerns the optimal design and comparative analysis of resonant and non-resonant high-frequency GaN-based rotating transformers. A multi-physical design approach is employed, in which magnetic, electrical, and thermal models are coupled. The results are verified by experiments. Two different optimization objectives are considered; firstly, the efficiency of two standard core geometries is maximized for a required output power level. Secondly, a geometrical optimization is performed, such that the core inertia is minimized for the desired output power level. The results of both design optimizations have shown large improvements in terms of output power and core inertia as a result of applying series–series resonant compensation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modelling of Wireless Power Transfer)
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10 pages, 5003 KiB  
Article
Coupling Coefficient Measurement Method with Simple Procedures Using a Two-Port Network Analyzer for a Multi-Coil WPT System
by Seon-Jae Jeon and Dong-Wook Seo
Energies 2019, 12(20), 3950; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12203950 - 17 Oct 2019
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4276
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a measurement method with a simple procedure based on the definition of the impedance parameter using a two-port network analyzer. The main advantage of the proposed measurement method is that there is no limit on the number of [...] Read more.
In this paper, we propose a measurement method with a simple procedure based on the definition of the impedance parameter using a two-port network analyzer. The main advantage of the proposed measurement method is that there is no limit on the number of measuring coils, and the method has a simple measurement procedure. To verify the proposed method, we measured the coupling coefficient among three coils with respect to the distance between the two farthest coils at 6.78 and 13.56 MHz, which are frequencies most common for a wireless power transfer (WPT) system in high-frequency band. As a result, the proposed method showed good agreement with results of the conventional S-parameter measurement methods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modelling of Wireless Power Transfer)
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Graphical abstract

13 pages, 4849 KiB  
Article
Parameter Analysis and Optimization of Class-E Power Amplifier Used in Wireless Power Transfer System
by Feng Wen and Rui Li
Energies 2019, 12(17), 3240; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12173240 - 22 Aug 2019
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3164
Abstract
In this paper, a steady-state matrix analysis method is introduced to analyze the output characteristics of the class-E power amplifier used in a wireless power transfer (WPT) system, which takes the inductance resistance, on-resistance and leakage current of metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) [...] Read more.
In this paper, a steady-state matrix analysis method is introduced to analyze the output characteristics of the class-E power amplifier used in a wireless power transfer (WPT) system, which takes the inductance resistance, on-resistance and leakage current of metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) into account so that the results can be closer to the actual value. On this basis, the parameters of the class-E power amplifier are optimized, and the output power is improved under the premise of keeping the efficiency unchanged. Finally, the output characteristics of the amplifier before and after optimization are compared by an experiment, while the B-field strength around the WPT system is studied through simulation. The experimental results verify the correctness and feasibility of the optimization method based on steady-state matrix analysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modelling of Wireless Power Transfer)
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11 pages, 3516 KiB  
Article
A Resonant Coupling Power Transfer System Using Two Driving Coils
by Changping Li, Bo Wang, Ruining Huang and Ying Yi
Energies 2019, 12(15), 2914; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12152914 - 29 Jul 2019
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3237
Abstract
This paper presents a resonance-based wireless power transfer (R-WPT) system using two multi-layer multi-turn inductor coils on the transmission side and a third coil on the receiver side. We theoretically characterized and optimized the system in terms of quality factor (Q factor) [...] Read more.
This paper presents a resonance-based wireless power transfer (R-WPT) system using two multi-layer multi-turn inductor coils on the transmission side and a third coil on the receiver side. We theoretically characterized and optimized the system in terms of quality factor (Q factor) of the coils and power transfer efficiency (PTE). In our R-WPT prototype, the alternating currents (AC) were simultaneously applied to two transmitter coils, which, in turn, transferred power wirelessly to the secondary coil with a 3-mm radius on the receiving end. Owing to the optimization of the inductive coils, all of the coils achieved the highest Q-factor and PTE at the resonance frequency of 2.9 MHz, and the transfer distance could be extended up to 30 mm. The results show that the PTE was greater than 74% at a separation distance of 5 mm and about 38.7% at 20 mm. This is distinctly higher than that of its 2 and 3-coil counterparts using only one driving coil. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modelling of Wireless Power Transfer)
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