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The Statistical Physics of Generative Diffusion Models

A special issue of Entropy (ISSN 1099-4300). This special issue belongs to the section "Statistical Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 March 2025 | Viewed by 1220

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Interests: generative models; diffusion models; deep learning; variational Inference; theoretical neuroscience

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Generative diffusion models and related methods such as stochastic interpolants have become the state of the art in image and video generation. While these methods were inspired by the physics of out-of-equilibrium systems, recent work revealed deep connections between generative diffusion models and equilibrium statistical physics. In particular, it was shown that the generative diffusion process is punctuated by spontaneous symmetry breaking events that correspond to splits between semantic classes or visual features and are formally equivalent to mean-field critical phase transitions. These ‘speciation’ phase transitions correspond to critical windows where the generative process is maximally controllable. Another fascinating venue of research is the connection between generative diffusion models and associative memory networks such as (modern) Hopfield networks. For example, using Hopfield techniques, it has been shown that memorization in generative diffusion is the result of ‘glassy’ (i.e., disordered) phase transitions in the average free energy. The connections between spin glass sampling and generative diffusion have been further investigated using the concept of stochastic localization, which describes the (spontaneous) concentration of measure observed in generative diffusion sampling. These developments have the potential to drive a large inflow of physical theory and techniques to the study of generative machine learning models, which could lead to radical insights on the nature of learning and intelligence.

Given these fascinating developments, we are excited to launch a Special Issue aimed at connecting research in statistical physics and generative diffusion modeling. Authors are encouraged to submit their research to this Special Issue. Topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Theoretical analysis of generative diffusion processes;
  • Connection between diffusion models and Hopfield networks;
  • Statistical physics analysis of flow matching processes and stochastic interpolants;
  • Theoretical analysis of prompt conditioning in generative diffusion;
  • Differential geometry of diffusion latent manifolds;
  • Acceleration of generative diffusion sampling using computational physics methods;
  • Discrete generative diffusion processes;
  • Connection between generative diffusion processes and spin glasses;
  • Spontaneous symmetry breaking in equivariant generative diffusion models;
  • Applications of generative diffusion to statistical physics problems;
  • Stochastic localization processes;
  • Statistical physics of consistency models;
  • Applications of generative diffusion to econophysics and finance.

Dr. Luca Ambrogioni
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Entropy is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • generative diffusion models
  • generative models
  • statistical physics
  • equilibrium thermodynamics
  • symmetry breaking
  • phase transition
  • stochastic localization
  • Hopfield networks

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

16 pages, 4864 KiB  
Article
Control of Overfitting with Physics
by Sergei V. Kozyrev, Ilya A. Lopatin and Alexander N. Pechen
Entropy 2024, 26(12), 1090; https://doi.org/10.3390/e26121090 - 13 Dec 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 657
Abstract
While there are many works on the applications of machine learning, not so many of them are trying to understand the theoretical justifications to explain their efficiency. In this work, overfitting control (or generalization property) in machine learning is explained using analogies from [...] Read more.
While there are many works on the applications of machine learning, not so many of them are trying to understand the theoretical justifications to explain their efficiency. In this work, overfitting control (or generalization property) in machine learning is explained using analogies from physics and biology. For stochastic gradient Langevin dynamics, we show that the Eyring formula of kinetic theory allows to control overfitting in the algorithmic stability approach—when wide minima of the risk function with low free energy correspond to low overfitting. For the generative adversarial network (GAN) model, we establish an analogy between GAN and the predator–prey model in biology. An application of this analogy allows us to explain the selection of wide likelihood maxima and ab overfitting reduction for GANs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Statistical Physics of Generative Diffusion Models)
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