New Fermented Tea: Processing Technology, Microbiology and Health Benefits: 2nd Edition

A special issue of Fermentation (ISSN 2311-5637). This special issue belongs to the section "Fermentation for Food and Beverages".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 August 2024) | Viewed by 4662

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Tea Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
Interests: tea processing; tea quality; intelligent sensing technology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Tea has acquired increasing attention due to its health benefits. Six traditional categories of Chinese tea, black tea (fully fermented tea), oolong tea (semi-fermented tea) and green tea (non-fermented tea) have already been known to provide positive effects as a daily drink. Now, a novel fermented tea (including Camellia sinensis and other herbal teas) has come out ahead of traditional tea with its special flavour and health efficacy. It is a little different from traditional fermentation methods. The external conditions affecting the degree of fermentation are no longer limited to temperature and humidity. For example, microbial fermentation affects the sensory quality and metabolic profile, creating a novel kind of tea drink, such as dark tea and kombucha. Moreover, the flavour and health benefits of other teas can also be improved via exogenous microorganism inoculation during tea processing.

Moreover, innovative non-destructive detection technology will contribute to solving some of these problems, such as near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), machine vision (also called electronic eye (E-eye)), hyperspectral imaging (HIS) and olfactory visualisation (also called colourimetric sensing array (CSA)). A single technology can determine the characteristics related to only one aspect of a sample and analyse the fermentation quality of tea and herbal teas. For instance, NIRS can identify the main non-volatile components in these drinks, and E-eyes can capture the appearance-related characteristics of these teas and herbal teas. Based on these features and an artificial intelligence algorithm, the fermentation quality of teas and herbal teas is evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. These methods are effective, convenient and non-destructive. They have improved the intelligence level of tea fermentation, and it can be expected that the search for the intelligent detection of tea fermentation will continue.

This Special Issue aims to reveal the processing technology, non-destructive detection technology of fermentation quality, metabolic mechanism and health benefits of the new fermented tea.

The following topics are welcome:

  • Microbiology and health benefits;
  • Novel fermented tea and herbal teas;
  • New processing technology of daily drinks.

Dr. Chunwang Dong
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • new fermented tea
  • manufacturing processes
  • fermented methods
  • flavour
  • microbial action
  • biological mechanism
  • human health

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 3750 KiB  
Article
Characteristic Aroma Screening among Green Tea Varieties and Electronic Sensory Evaluation of Green Tea Wine
by Feifei Wu, Bo Lin, Jing Chen, Fengjin Zheng, Xiaochun Fang, Lianfeng Luo, Haisheng Chen, Krishan K. Verma and Ganlin Chen
Fermentation 2024, 10(9), 449; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation10090449 - 29 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1067
Abstract
Green tea is a non-fermented tea with flavor and polyphenols. Aroma is one of the important quality indicators of tea. Fermented green tea wine can solve the problem of low-grade tea, which has more bitterness and less aroma. In this study, Camellia sinensis [...] Read more.
Green tea is a non-fermented tea with flavor and polyphenols. Aroma is one of the important quality indicators of tea. Fermented green tea wine can solve the problem of low-grade tea, which has more bitterness and less aroma. In this study, Camellia sinensis var. pubilimba Hung T. Chang (Kaishan white tea 2) was screened by orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) to benzyl alcohol and phenethyl alcohol presenting a fruity aroma, dimethyl sulfide presenting a green tea aroma, and rich tea polyphenols with contents of 2.08, 2.43, 12.26 and 3.72%, respectively. The optimal fermentation conditions for green tea wine were determined univariately as 1.5% yeast addition, 30 °Brix initial sugar, and fermentation temperature of 25 °C. The electronic sensory assessment showed that the saltiness, richness and umami were more prominent in green tea wine, while the response values of bitterness, astringency and aftertaste-A were lower. The order of aroma contribution can be seen as W1S > W5S > W2S > W2W > W1W > W3S > W6S. Kaisan white tea 2 gives green tea wine a clear tea aroma. This study provides better technical and theoretical strategies for the comprehensive quality assessment and control of fermented green tea wine quality. Full article
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16 pages, 5554 KiB  
Article
Optimizing Oxygen Exposure during Kombucha Brewing Using Air-Permeable Silicone Bags
by Briana Abigail R. Czarnecki, Kortnie M. Chamberlain, Ian M. Loscher, Emily R. Swartz, Lieke M. Black, Emma C. Oberholtzer, Jordan C. Scalia, Bret A. Watson, Lauren E. Shearer, John N. Richardson and Jeb S. Kegerreis
Fermentation 2024, 10(7), 371; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation10070371 - 20 Jul 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1256
Abstract
As the commercial and home brewing of kombucha expands to accommodate its increased popularity, novel brewing practices that generate non-alcoholic kombucha in an efficient manner become valuable. The research presented in this work compares kombucha brewed in a glass jar brewing vessel to [...] Read more.
As the commercial and home brewing of kombucha expands to accommodate its increased popularity, novel brewing practices that generate non-alcoholic kombucha in an efficient manner become valuable. The research presented in this work compares kombucha brewed in a glass jar brewing vessel to that brewed in an air-permeable silicone bag. Identical kombucha ferments with various sugar food sources were prepared and placed in each vessel, and variables such as titratable acidity, pH, alcohol by volume, gluconic acid concentration, acetic acid concentration, and sugar content were studied as a function of time. The results indicated that, regardless of the food source, kombucha brewed in an air-permeable bag exhibited more efficient acid production, lower ethanol concentration, and greater sugar utilization relative to equivalent kombucha brewed in a jar. Full article
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20 pages, 4454 KiB  
Article
Influence of Galvanized Steel on Kombucha Fermentation: Weight Loss Measurements, Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis, Corrosion Activity, and Phytochemical Study
by Najet Mouguech, Patricia Taillandier, Jalloul Bouajila, Regine Basseguy, Mehrez Romdhane and Naceur Etteyeb
Fermentation 2024, 10(3), 159; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation10030159 - 11 Mar 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1605
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the influence of galvanized steel coupons on black tea kombucha fermentation. As a secondary objective, the corrosion activity of the fermented medium at different stages of fermentation was investigated. The results revealed significant interactions among microorganisms, the metal, [...] Read more.
This study aimed to investigate the influence of galvanized steel coupons on black tea kombucha fermentation. As a secondary objective, the corrosion activity of the fermented medium at different stages of fermentation was investigated. The results revealed significant interactions among microorganisms, the metal, and the fermented medium. On one hand, mass loss measurement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, and released zinc and iron ion analysis showed the deterioration of galvanized steel coupons. On the other hand, HPLC-RI analysis showed that the presence of steel coupons improved the kinetics of fermentation. The chemical composition and bioactivity of kombucha were also influenced by the presence of galvanized steel. The results showed the detection of eleven phenolic compounds by HPLC-DAD, including trihydroxyethylrutin, methyl 3,5-dihydroxybenzoate, and ethyl 4-hydroxy-3-cinamate, which were found only in kombucha in the presence of galvanized steel (K+GS). In addition, a total of 53 volatile compounds were detected by GC-MS before and after derivatization, including eleven constituents identified for the first time in K+GS. Concerning antioxidant activity, a higher percentage of inhibition against the DPPH radical was attributed to the ethyl acetate extract found in K+GS (IC50 = 8.6 µg/mL), which could suggest the formation of inhibitors. However, according to the electrochemical findings, the corrosion current density increased threefold during the fermentation process compared to acidified black tea, indicating that corrosion activity was promoted in the kombucha medium and suggesting several competing phenomena between corrosion and inhibition. Full article
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