Management of Grape Phenolic Extraction in Wine Production

A special issue of Fermentation (ISSN 2311-5637). This special issue belongs to the section "Fermentation for Food and Beverages".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 2698

Special Issue Editor

Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
Interests: wine chemistry; wine microbiology; food science
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The taste, mouthfeel, and color of wine are primarily influenced by phenolic compounds extracted from grapes and oak during winemaking. These compounds interact with other elements in wine, such as polysaccharides, acids, alcohols, and aromas, shaping its characteristics, aging potential, and health benefits. Phenolics range from tannins and anthocyanins to simple phenolic acids, creating the sensory experience of wine and contributing to its longevity. In addition to sensory attributes, phenolics have also gained attention for their antioxidant and health-promoting properties.

Wine fermentation is a crucial step in winemaking where yeast converts grape juice sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide. This process is essential for the development of wine's flavor, aroma, and texture, and plays a role in the extraction and modification of phenolic compounds from grapes. Understanding the intricacies of wine fermentation is fundamental to comprehending the overall impact of phenolics on wine quality. As the global wine industry evolves and consumers become more discerning, delving deep into the chemistry, biochemistry, and sensory implications of these fascinating compounds remains paramount. This Special Issue invites contributions that explore the multifaceted roles and behaviors of grape and wine phenolics in light of their profound significance.

Dr. Bin Tian
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • phenolic compounds
  • grape phenolics
  • wine phenolics
  • wine taste
  • mouthfeel
  • wine color
  • sensory implications

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 1469 KiB  
Article
The Effects of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strain Overexpressing the Endopolygalacturonase PGU1 Gene on the Aminoacidic, Volatile, and Phenolic Compositions of Cabernet Sauvignon Wines
by Mónica Fernández-González, Pedro Miguel Izquierdo-Cañas, Esteban García-Romero, Tania Paniagua-Martínez and Sergio Gómez-Alonso
Fermentation 2024, 10(7), 375; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation10070375 - 22 Jul 2024
Viewed by 976
Abstract
The addition of pectinase enzymes during the maceration stage of grape skins in order to improve the extraction yields and color of red wines is a common practice in many wineries. The objective of this work was to study in depth the changes [...] Read more.
The addition of pectinase enzymes during the maceration stage of grape skins in order to improve the extraction yields and color of red wines is a common practice in many wineries. The objective of this work was to study in depth the changes that occurred in the aminoacidic, volatile, and phenolic compositions of Cabernet Sauvignon wines fermented with a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain genetically modified with the gene encoding for endopolygalacturonase (PGU1) in transcriptional fusion with the promoter of the phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK1) gene, both from S. cerevisiae origin. A higher yield extraction of wine was obtained in wines fermented with the modified strain (PW), increasing by around 6.1% compared to the control wine (CW). Moreover, there was a 40% decrease in the malic acid content in the PW, thus suggesting that this modified yeast could be investigated as a malic acid-reducing agent. There were slight differences in other aroma volatile compounds studied as well as in the phenolic content. However, there was a considerable increase in the amino acid content in the PW. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management of Grape Phenolic Extraction in Wine Production)
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17 pages, 6377 KiB  
Article
The Effects of Pigeage, Délestage, Remontage and Oxygenation Treatments Applied during Maceration on Phenolic Content, Aroma Composition and Sensory Properties of Red Teran (Vitis vinifera L.) Wine
by Marina Tomašević, Katarina Perić, Kristijan Damijanić, Mario Staver, Natka Ćurko and Karin Kovačević Ganić
Fermentation 2024, 10(5), 252; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation10050252 - 13 May 2024
Viewed by 1198
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of mechanical (pigeage, délestage and remontage) and oxygenation treatments on the phenolic and aromatic compounds and sensory characteristics of Teran wines. The experiment included a 20-day maceration period, during which the above-mentioned treatments [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of mechanical (pigeage, délestage and remontage) and oxygenation treatments on the phenolic and aromatic compounds and sensory characteristics of Teran wines. The experiment included a 20-day maceration period, during which the above-mentioned treatments were applied, as well as the post-fermentation processes of pressing and first rack. The analysis of phenolic, chromatic and aroma compounds and the sensory characterization of the wines were used to describe the effects of the treatments investigated. After the observed maceration period, remontage resulted in wines with the highest total phenols (2682.0 ± 14.8 mg GAE/L). In contrast, délestage resulted in the lowest total phenols (2499.1 ± 17.6 mg GAE/L) and total anthocyanins (530.1 ± 2.8 mg/L) and had the strongest effects on chromatic characteristics. The post-fermentation processes (pressing, racking) showed similar trends and resulted in higher phenolic concentrations in the remontage wine, while the délestage was again characterized by lower total phenol and anthocyanin concentrations. In addition, the délestage wine contained a higher concentration of almost all analyzed esters and two higher alcohols (2-methylpropan-1-ol and 1-hexanol), while the remontage wine had the highest concentration of 2-phenylethanol and 3-methylbutyl acetate. Finally, maceration proved to be a key factor in defining the wines’ sensory characteristics, with the remontage-treated wine showing the best overall quality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management of Grape Phenolic Extraction in Wine Production)
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