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Fibers
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Carbon Fibers from Sustainable Precursors II
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Carbon Fibers from Sustainable Precursors II

A special issue of Fibers (ISSN 2079-6439).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2024) | Viewed by 2641

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Radu Dorin Andrei

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technologies, ICSI Energy, 240050 Ramnicu Valcea, Romania
Interests: inorganic chemistry; nanotechnology; materials chemistry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The large-scale industry of carbon fiber has evolved in recent years in more and more fields, such as aerospace, military, medical, automobile, supporting goods and so on. This huge interest arises from their extraordinary properties like, good mechanical strength, good electrical and thermal conductivities, great chemical stability, etc. In recent years, the use of these fibers has become increasingly attractive in the energy field as they are raw materials for the production of windmill blades, for the storage of natural gas and fuel cells for transport. Nowadays, the main source of these fibers production is represented by the electrospinning process of polyacrylonitrile (PAN). With this in mind, it will be very interesting to direct fiber production to sustainable precursors. The most widespread renewable resource in the world is the biomass. Consequently, there are considerable volumes of sustainable biomass (meaning low costs production) which can lead to the obtaining of carbon fiber.

Dr. Radu Dorin Andrei
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Fibers is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2000 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • carbon fibers
  • sustainable precursors
  • biomass
  • carbonization
  • applications

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 1191 KiB  
Article
Carbon Fibers Based on Cellulose–Lignin Hybrid Filaments: Role of Dehydration Catalyst, Temperature, and Tension during Continuous Stabilization and Carbonization
by Christoph Unterweger, Inge Schlapp-Hackl, Christian Fürst, Daria Robertson, MiJung Cho and Michael Hummel
Fibers 2024, 12(7), 55; https://doi.org/10.3390/fib12070055 - 30 Jun 2024
Viewed by 985
Abstract
Lignocellulose has served as precursor material for carbon fibers (CFs) before fossil-based polymers were discovered as superior feedstock. To date, CFs made from polyacrylonitrile have dominated the market. In search of low-cost carbon fibers for applications with medium strength requirements, cellulose and lignin, [...] Read more.
Lignocellulose has served as precursor material for carbon fibers (CFs) before fossil-based polymers were discovered as superior feedstock. To date, CFs made from polyacrylonitrile have dominated the market. In search of low-cost carbon fibers for applications with medium strength requirements, cellulose and lignin, either as individual macromolecule or in combination, have re-gained interest as renewable raw material. In this study, cellulose with 30 wt% lignin was dry-jet wet-spun into a precursor filament for bio-based carbon fibers. The stabilization and carbonization conditions were first tested offline, using stationary ovens. Diammonium sulfate (DAS) and diammonium hydrogen phosphate were tested as catalysts to enhance the stabilization process. Stabilization is critical as the filaments’ strength properties drop in this phase before they rise again at higher temperatures. DAS was identified as a better option and used for subsequent trials on a continuous carbonization line. Carbon fibers with ca. 700 MPa tensile strength and 60–70 GPa tensile modulus were obtained at 1500 °C. Upon further carbonization at 1950 °C, moduli of >100 GPa were achieved. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Fibers from Sustainable Precursors II)
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13 pages, 9510 KiB  
Article
Potentials of Polyacrylonitrile Substitution by Lignin for Continuous Manufactured Lignin/Polyacrylonitrile-Blend-Based Carbon Fibers
by Daniel Sebastian Jens Wolz, Robert Seidel-Greiff, Thomas Behnisch, Iris Kruppke, Irina Kuznik, Paul Bertram, Hubert Jäger, Maik Gude and Chokri Cherif
Fibers 2024, 12(6), 50; https://doi.org/10.3390/fib12060050 - 18 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1066
Abstract
While carbon fibers (CFs) are still the most attractive reinforcement material for lightweight structures, they are mostly manufactured using crude oil-based process chains. To achieve a higher eco-efficiency, the partial substitution of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) by renewable materials, such as lignin, is investigated. So [...] Read more.
While carbon fibers (CFs) are still the most attractive reinforcement material for lightweight structures, they are mostly manufactured using crude oil-based process chains. To achieve a higher eco-efficiency, the partial substitution of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) by renewable materials, such as lignin, is investigated. So far, this investigation has only been carried out for batch manufacturing studies, neglecting the transfer and validation to continuous CF manufacturing. Therefore, this work is the first to investigate the possibility of partial substituting lignin for PAN in a continuous process. Lignin/PAN-blended CFs with up to 15 wt.-% lignin were able to attain mechanical properties comparable to unmodified PAN-based carbon fibers, achieving tensile strengths of up to 2466 MPa and a Young’s Modulus of 200 Pa. In summary, this study provides the basis for continuous Lignin/PAN-blended CF manufacturing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Fibers from Sustainable Precursors II)
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