Fire | Special Issue : Fire Numerical Simulation

Research

12 pages, 3320 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical Study of Homogenous/Inhomogeneous Hydrogen–Air Explosion in a Long Closed Channel

by Jiaqing Zhang, Xianli Zhu, Yi Guo, Yue Teng, Min Liu, Quan Li, Qiao Wang and Changjian Wang

Fire 2024, 7(11), 418; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7110418 - 18 Nov 2024

Viewed by 351

Abstract

Hydrogen is regarded as a promising energy source for the future due to its clean combustion products, remarkable efficiency and renewability. However, its characteristics of low-ignition energy, a wide flammable range from 4% to 75%, and a rapid flame speed may bring significant [...] Read more.

Hydrogen is regarded as a promising energy source for the future due to its clean combustion products, remarkable efficiency and renewability. However, its characteristics of low-ignition energy, a wide flammable range from 4% to 75%, and a rapid flame speed may bring significant explosion risks. Typically, accidental release of hydrogen into confined enclosures can result in a flammable hydrogen–air mixture with concentration gradients, possibly leading to flame acceleration (FA) and deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT). The current study focused on the evolutions of the FA and DDT of homogenous/inhomogeneous hydrogen–air mixtures, based on the open-source computational fluid dynamics (CFD) platform OpenFOAM and the modified Weller et al.’s combustion model, taking into account the Darrieus–Landau (DL) and Rayleigh–Taylor (RT) instabilities, the turbulence and the non-unity Lewis number. Numerical simulations were carried out for both homogeneous and inhomogeneous mixtures in an enclosed channel 5.4 m in length and 0.06 m in height. The predictions demonstrate good quantitative agreement with the experimental measurements in flame-tip position, speed and pressure profiles by Boeck et al. The characteristics of flame structure, wave evolution and vortex were also discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fire Numerical Simulation)

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18 pages, 5604 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Study on the Fire Characteristics of Dual Fire Sources and the Difference in Power Temperature of Different Fire Sources in Tunnel

by Xiaokun Zhao, Minghao Ni, Wencai Wang, Hongwei Wang and Jianing Wang

Fire 2024, 7(8), 273; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7080273 - 6 Aug 2024

Viewed by 908

Abstract

To investigate the combustion characteristics of multiple fire sources in the tunnel caused by ‘jumping’ discontinuous fire spread, we utilized scaled model experiments, numerical simulation software, and theoretical research. Our study focused on analyzing the influence of different fire source powers on the [...] Read more.

To investigate the combustion characteristics of multiple fire sources in the tunnel caused by ‘jumping’ discontinuous fire spread, we utilized scaled model experiments, numerical simulation software, and theoretical research. Our study focused on analyzing the influence of different fire source powers on the temperature characteristics of double fire sources in the tunnel. We examined the temperature characteristics, critical wind speed, and change rule under various wind speeds, fire source spacing, and fire source powers. Additionally, we explored the temperature characteristics, critical wind speed, and change rule of different fire source powers under varying wind speed conditions. The mathematical model for roof temperature decay and the temperature decay coefficients of dual source fires were established through the analysis of scale-down model experiments and numerical simulations. In comparison to single-source fires, the temperature variations in the tunnel of dual source fires exhibit a more intricate pattern, with higher average temperature and temperature peak values. These values are influenced by factors such as fire source spacing and power. Numerical simulation software was utilized to investigate the impact of fire source spacing at 10 m, 15 m, and 20 m, as well as the effect of varying fire source power on the temperature distribution within a tunnel under consistent fire source position and growth coefficient. The study revealed that, with consistent double fire source position and ventilation conditions in the tunnel, the upstream fire source exhibited greater power than the downstream fire source, resulting in the lowest average and peak temperatures in the tunnel. This observation could potentially enhance escape and rescue operations within the tunnel. Similarly, the lowest average and peak temperatures in the tunnel were also identified, offering potential benefits for optimizing escape and rescue strategies in tunnel scenarios. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fire Numerical Simulation)

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22 pages, 8372 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Hydrogen Jet Flame Simulation and Thermal Radiation Damage Estimation for Leakage Accidents in a Hydrogen Refueling Station

by Xiang Fu, Xianglin Yan, Shiyu Chen, Chunyan Song, Zhili Xiao, Hao Luo, Jiaqi Wan, Tianqi Yang, Nianfeng Xu and Jinsheng Xiao

Fire 2024, 7(7), 210; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7070210 - 22 Jun 2024

Viewed by 853

Abstract

With the rapid development of hydrogen energy worldwide, the number of hydrogen energy facilities, such as hydrogen refueling stations, has grown rapidly in recent years. However, hydrogen is prone to leakage accidents during use, which could lead to hazards such as fires and [...] Read more.

With the rapid development of hydrogen energy worldwide, the number of hydrogen energy facilities, such as hydrogen refueling stations, has grown rapidly in recent years. However, hydrogen is prone to leakage accidents during use, which could lead to hazards such as fires and explosions. Therefore, research on the safety of hydrogen energy facilities is crucial. In this paper, a study of high-pressure hydrogen jet flame accidents is conducted for a proposed integrated hydrogen production and refueling station in China. The effects of leakage direction and leakage port diameter on the jet flame characteristics are analyzed, and a risk assessment of the flame accident is conducted. The results showed that the death range perpendicular to the flame direction increased from 2.23 m to 5.5 m when the diameter of the leakage port increased from 4 mm to 10 mm. When the diameter of the leakage port is larger than 8 mm, the equipment on the scene will be within the boundaries of the damage. The consequences of fire can be effectively mitigated by a reasonable firewall setup to ensure the overall safety of the integrated station. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fire Numerical Simulation)

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17 pages, 4403 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research on Resistance Characteristics of Fire Zone of Mine Tunnel Fire and Construction of Calculation Model

by Minghao Ni, Xiaokun Zhao, Wencai Wang, Qiongyue Zhang, Hongwei Wang and Jianing Wang

Fire 2024, 7(6), 197; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7060197 - 13 Jun 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1183

Abstract

To investigate resistance change in the fire area of a roadway caused by roadway fires, a mathematical calculation model for thermal resistance is developed. Theoretical research is conducted to analyze the factors influencing resistance change through theoretical derivation, revealing that temperature is a [...] Read more.

To investigate resistance change in the fire area of a roadway caused by roadway fires, a mathematical calculation model for thermal resistance is developed. Theoretical research is conducted to analyze the factors influencing resistance change through theoretical derivation, revealing that temperature is a key factor contributing to the change in thermal resistance. By leveraging the correlation between changes in CO concentration and temperature on the downwind side of the roadway within the fire zone, researchers developed mathematical models to predict temperature increases at various points downwind of the fire source. These models were then used to determine the mathematical relationship governing the change in thermal resistance. The accuracy of the numerical simulation software was validated using Fluent numerical simulation software and scaled-down model experiments. Full-scale numerical simulation experiments were conducted to investigate the fire characteristics of roadway fires and validate the thermal resistance mathematical model. The results indicate that the thermal resistance in the numerical simulation is 7.55 Pa at 20m from the fire source and 5.54 Pa at the end of the roadway. The decrease in resistance is linear. The minimum error between the thermal resistance calculated by the mathematical model and the gradient of the pressure drop in the numerical simulation is 0.03 Pa, approximately 2.3%. Furthermore, the fitting degree of the pressure drop in each section is as high as 97.7%. The calculation model demonstrates high accuracy and offers a theoretical foundation for investigating fire resistance in tunnel fire. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fire Numerical Simulation)

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17 pages, 7329 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Integrating Real-Time Meteorological Conditions into a Novel Fire Spread Model for Grasslands

by Yakun Zhang, Huimin Yu, Wenjiang Huang, Tiecheng Huang, Meng Fan and Kun Wang

Fire 2024, 7(5), 154; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7050154 - 26 Apr 2024

Viewed by 1363

Abstract

Accurate comprehension of grassland fires is imperative for maintaining ecological stability. In this study, we propose a novel fire model that incorporates real-time meteorological conditions. Our methodology integrates key meteorological factors including relative humidity, temperature, degree of solidification of combustible materials, and wind [...] Read more.

Accurate comprehension of grassland fires is imperative for maintaining ecological stability. In this study, we propose a novel fire model that incorporates real-time meteorological conditions. Our methodology integrates key meteorological factors including relative humidity, temperature, degree of solidification of combustible materials, and wind speed. These factors are embedded into a comprehensive function that determines both the downwind and upwind spreading speeds of the fire. Additionally, the model accommodates fire spread in the absence of wind by incorporating the direction perpendicular to the wind, with wind speed set to zero. By precisely determining wind speed, the model enables real-time calculation of fire spread speeds in all directions. Under stable wind conditions, the fire spread area typically adopts an elliptical shape. Leveraging ellipse properties, we define the aspect ratio as a function related to wind speed. Consequently, with knowledge of the fire duration, the model accurately estimates the area of fire spread. Our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of this model in predicting and evaluating fires in the Hulunbuir Grassland. The model offers an innovative method for quantifying grassland fires, contributing significantly to the understanding and management of grassland ecosystems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fire Numerical Simulation)

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22 pages, 5533 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

A Fireline Displacement Model to Predict Fire Spread

by Domingos X. Viegas, Carlos Ribeiro, Thiago Fernandes Barbosa, Tiago Rodrigues and Luís M. Ribeiro

Fire 2024, 7(4), 121; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7040121 - 6 Apr 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1902

Abstract

Most current surface fire simulators rely upon Rothermel’s model, which considers the local properties of fuel, topography, and meteorology to estimate the rate of spread, and utilises the concept of elliptical growth to predict the evolution of the fire perimeter throughout time. However, [...] Read more.

Most current surface fire simulators rely upon Rothermel’s model, which considers the local properties of fuel, topography, and meteorology to estimate the rate of spread, and utilises the concept of elliptical growth to predict the evolution of the fire perimeter throughout time. However, the effects of convective processes near the fireline, which modify fire spread conditions along the fire perimeter, are not considered in this model. An innovative fire prediction simulator based on the concept of fireline element displacement, which is composed of translation, rotation, and extension, rather than a point-by-point displacement, is proposed in this article. Based on the laws of convective heat fluxes across and along the fireline and on laboratory experiments, models to estimate the angular rotation velocity and the extension of the fireline during its displacement are proposed. These models are applied to a set of laboratory experiments of point ignition fires on slopes of 30° and 40° and, given the fact that the rate of spread of the head, back, and flank fire are known, the evolution of the fire perimeter can be predicted. The fire spread model can be applied to other situations of varying boundary conditions provided that the parameters required by the model are known. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fire Numerical Simulation)

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15 pages, 3246 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical Simulation of the Smoke Distribution Characteristics in a T-Shaped Roadway

by Cui Ding, Dou Chang, Diange Sun and Songling Zou

Fire 2024, 7(3), 80; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7030080 - 3 Mar 2024

Viewed by 1409

Abstract

This paper numerically analyzes the influence of heat release rate (HRR) and longitudinal ventilation velocity on smoke distribution characteristics in a T-shaped roadway when the fire source was located upstream of the T-junction. The back-layering length, critical ventilation velocity, smoke temperature, and CO [...] Read more.

This paper numerically analyzes the influence of heat release rate (HRR) and longitudinal ventilation velocity on smoke distribution characteristics in a T-shaped roadway when the fire source was located upstream of the T-junction. The back-layering length, critical ventilation velocity, smoke temperature, and CO concentration in the main and branched roadway were investigated and analyzed. The results showed that the ventilation velocity is the key factor influencing back-layering length, while the effect of HRR on back-layering length is gradually weakened as HRR increases. The critical ventilation velocity in the T-shaped roadway is higher than in a single-tube roadway, and the predicted model of dimensional critical ventilation velocity in a T-shaped bifurcated roadway is proposed. The correlation between average temperature (Z = 1.6 m) (both in the main roadway I and the branched roadway) and ventilation velocity fits the power function, and the variation in average temperature (Z = 1.6 m) according to HRR fits the linear formula. The relation between average concentration of CO (Z = 1.6 m) (both inside the main roadway I and the branched roadway) and longitudinal ventilation velocity follows the power relation, and the variation in average concentration of CO (Z = 1.6 m) according to HRR follows the linear function. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fire Numerical Simulation)

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14 pages, 3090 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Thermal Decomposition Process of Fireproof Sealant Measured with Thermogravimetric and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis and Estimated Using Shuffled Complex Evolution

by Wei Liu, Xinrong Xu, Jiaqing Zhang, Yu Zhong, Xiang Li and Yanming Ding

Fire 2024, 7(1), 25; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7010025 - 12 Jan 2024

Viewed by 1826

Abstract

Fireproof sealing technology is widely used in industrial, commercial, and other public buildings, so the performance of fireproof sealing materials in high temperatures or fire environments must be taken into account as an important factor. Fireproof sealant is considered to be a highly [...] Read more.

Fireproof sealing technology is widely used in industrial, commercial, and other public buildings, so the performance of fireproof sealing materials in high temperatures or fire environments must be taken into account as an important factor. Fireproof sealant is considered to be a highly effective adhesive for sealing and fireproofing purposes. To explore its thermal decomposition mechanism and estimate its pyrolysis behaviors, a series of thermogravimetric experiments from 10 K/min to 60 K/min coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis technology were performed. The results indicated that the thermal decomposition of the fireproof sealant could be divided into three reactions: the degradation of ammonium polyphosphate, melamine, and acrylic acid. In addition, the pyrolysis behavior of the fireproof sealant was compared under two kinds of atmosphere (nitrogen and air). Furthermore, the initial kinetic parameters in the nitrogen atmosphere were calculated based on model-free methods including the Friedman, KAS, and Starink methods. The average activation energy of three reactions obtained by the three methods was 108.32 kJ/mol, 200.46 kJ/mol, and 177.10 kJ/mol, respectively, while these obtained parameters were hard to regenerate, the thermogravimetric curves were accurately based on the established pyrolysis reaction scheme, with the existence of clear deviations. Therefore, a global heuristic optimization algorithm, Shuffled Complex Evolution (SCE), was selected to optimize 14 parameters (including activation energies and the pre-exponential factors) and the optimized pyrolysis results agreed well with the experimental data, even at the extra heating rate, with the correlation coefficient for the mass loss and mass loss rate being reaching up to 0.9943 and 0.9019, respectively. The study indicated that the SCE algorithm showed an appropriate potential to estimate the pyrolysis behavior of an unknown thermogravimetric experiment group. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fire Numerical Simulation)

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15 pages, 3373 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sensitivity Analysis of Influencing Factors of Fire Smoke Transport on Subway Station Platforms

by Huaitao Song, Qianlong Chen, Zeqi Wu, Haowei Yao, Zhen Lou, Zhenpeng Bai, Jingfen Li and Yueyang Yu

Fire 2023, 6(12), 448; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire6120448 - 23 Nov 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2023

Abstract

This paper investigates the sensitivity of factors influencing the transport of smoke in subway station fires by developing a three-dimensional physical model of a subway station using Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology and importing it into Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) software for numerical [...] Read more.

This paper investigates the sensitivity of factors influencing the transport of smoke in subway station fires by developing a three-dimensional physical model of a subway station using Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology and importing it into Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) software for numerical simulation. The orthogonal test method analyzes the effects of four common factors on temperature, CO concentration, and visibility. These factors are the mode of opening the screen door, the number of smoke vents opened, the number of smoke barriers, and the wind speed of the smoke vents. The results show that the smoke control system and the building structure influence smoke transport in subway stations, while the temperature and CO concentration gradually decrease as the distance from the fire source increases. In addition, the mode of opening the screen door is the most significant factor influencing temperature, CO concentration, and visibility using range and variance analysis. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis indicates that the optimal combination of all factors can significantly enhance the smoke exhaust efficiency. Compared with the average, the temperature optimal combination increases the smoke exhaust efficiency by 20.8%, CO concentration by 56.59%, and visibility by about 13.41%. This study provides a foundation for optimizing smoke control systems and formulating personnel evacuation strategies in subway stations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fire Numerical Simulation)

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22 pages, 22943 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An FDS Simulation to Predict the Kerosene Pool Fire Results at Rocket Launchpad Basement Facilities in the Republic of Korea

by Hee Jin Kim, Kyeong Min Jang, In Seok Yeo, Hwa Young Oh, Sun Il Kang and Eun Sang Jung

Fire 2023, 6(10), 385; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire6100385 - 8 Oct 2023

Viewed by 2254

Abstract

In the Republic of Korea, a new rocket launchpad was constructed to launch the KSLV-II on an island, and all the launchpad facilities are located in basement. Because of the complex and diverse facilities, fire accidents have increased. Using the FDS (Fire Dynamics [...] Read more.

In the Republic of Korea, a new rocket launchpad was constructed to launch the KSLV-II on an island, and all the launchpad facilities are located in basement. Because of the complex and diverse facilities, fire accidents have increased. Using the FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) to predict the damage from kerosene storage and drain tank pool fires is garnering more attention as a tool of choice. The FDS supports a sprinkler model, which is needed to analyze fire extinguishing by water sprinkling. To predict and estimate the resistance of the building and thermal damage, the main analysis factors for a kerosene tank pool fire accident are temperature and HRR (heat release rate per unit volume). In 3

m^{3}

release cases, the maximum temperature decreased by 33% from 900 K to 600 K by sprinkled water, and the maximum HRR decreased by 70% from 20,000 kW/

m^{3}

to 6000 kW/

m^{3}

. In 10

m^{3}

release cases, the temperature and HRR decreased by 44%, from 800 K to 450 K and 68% from 25,000 kW/

m^{3}

to 8000 kW/

m^{3}

, respectively. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fire Numerical Simulation)

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14 pages, 4387 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical Simulation of Downward Flame Propagation in Discontinuous Region of Solid Fuel

by Yeming Zhu, Shengfeng Luo, Yanli Zhao, Yiping Zeng, Guohua Wu, Ruichao Wei and Shutang Sun

Fire 2023, 6(5), 207; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire6050207 - 17 May 2023

Viewed by 1550

Abstract

This paper presents a numerical model that investigates the characteristics of flow, heat, and mass transfer on downward flame propagation in the discontinuous region of solid fuel. Simulations were carried out for various discontinuous distances to analyze the morphology of the flame front [...] Read more.

This paper presents a numerical model that investigates the characteristics of flow, heat, and mass transfer on downward flame propagation in the discontinuous region of solid fuel. Simulations were carried out for various discontinuous distances to analyze the morphology of the flame front and the competition between the “jump” of flame spread and heat transfer from the flame to the unburned area. The results demonstrate that there is a “jump” in the flame propagation in the discontinuous zone, with the flame front exhibiting a defined “acute angle” that undergoes a process from large to small during the flame spreading in the discontinuous area and deflects towards the discontinuous area of the material. The temperature in the discontinuous zone reaches a peak, and the average flame spread rate initially increases and then decreases with the increase of discontinuity distance until the flame spread stops. The study provides valuable insights into the growth and development of fires involving discretely distributed combustible materials. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fire Numerical Simulation)

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18 pages, 8279 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical Simulation on the Smoke Prevention Performance of Air Curtains in an Island-Type Subway Station

by Xu Yan, Hongyun Yang, Huiqiang Mo, Ye Xie, Zhongfu Jin and Yang Zhou

Fire 2023, 6(5), 177; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire6050177 - 26 Apr 2023

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1462 | Correction

Abstract

Subway fires are a major threat to the safe and smooth operation of subway stations. In this paper, an island-type subway station was taken as an example to conduct a series of numerical simulations using Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). The temperature, visibility, and [...] Read more.

Subway fires are a major threat to the safe and smooth operation of subway stations. In this paper, an island-type subway station was taken as an example to conduct a series of numerical simulations using Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). The temperature, visibility, and CO concentration in the subway station were analysed under different thicknesses and jet velocities of the air curtains. The smoke-prevention performance of the air curtains in the subway station was investigated. As the thickness and jet velocity increase, the flame tilts significantly, which greatly hinders the spread of smoke toward the stairs. The smoke temperature and CO concentration on the left side of the air curtains gradually decrease, while the visibility increases significantly. For a 3 MW fire scenario, to satisfy the evaluation criteria, the results show that the thickness of the air curtains needs to be at least 0.3 m, and the jet velocity needs to be at least 2 m/s. The sealing effectiveness (E_sealing) tends to increase and then remains constant with increasing momentum, and the maximum is obtained when the momentum of the air curtains (I_a) is 12.5 kg·m/s². Meanwhile, it is found that an energy-saving efficiency of 85.2% can be achieved by replacing positive pressure ventilation with air curtains. The results of this work can provide a significant reference for the design of smoke protection in subway stations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fire Numerical Simulation)

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14 pages, 5780 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical Study of the Effects of Surface Tension and Initial Volume Fraction on Gas-Liquid-Foam Three-Phase Flow Separation Process

by TianTian Tan, Jiaqing Zhang, Junjie Hu, Jianghong Zhang, Gang Sun, Bo Li and Yi Guo

Fire 2023, 6(3), 117; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire6030117 - 13 Mar 2023

Viewed by 1581

Abstract

Since it is low in cost and low in toxicity and has good biodegradability, gas-liquid-foam three-phase flow has been widely used in industrial fire protection. Due to the different characteristics of gas, liquid, and foam, liquid precipitation is liable to occur under static [...] Read more.

Since it is low in cost and low in toxicity and has good biodegradability, gas-liquid-foam three-phase flow has been widely used in industrial fire protection. Due to the different characteristics of gas, liquid, and foam, liquid precipitation is liable to occur under static conditions, resulting in unstable performance of the mixture. To improve fire extinguishing efficiency, it is of great significance to study the separation process of gas-liquid-foam. In the present study, the effects of the surface tension (range from 0.04 to 0.07) and initial liquid volume fraction (range from 0.2 to 0.5) on the gas-liquid-foam separation process are investigated with the numerical tool Fluent. The liquid volume fraction is mainly influenced by two inverse effects: (a) the transformation of liquid into foam, and (b) the liquid drainage and bursting of foam. In the separation process, the volume fraction of small foam decreases monotonically while the volume fraction of medium and large foam increases slightly. Since the volume fraction of small foam is much greater than medium and large foam and its bursting process is dominant, the liquid volume fraction presents a monotonic increasing trend. The volume of the separated liquid increases almost linearly with time at various surface tensions and initial volume fractions, and the increase rate is about 0.004. In the range of the surface tension examined, the separation process is insensitive to the surface tension, resulting in almost the same drainage time. On the other hand, the separation process depends on the initial liquid volume fraction non-monotonically; namely, when the initial volume fraction is small, with the increase of the initial volume fraction, the liquid is more easily separated from the mixture, and when the initial volume fraction is over a critical value (about 0.4), the separation process is decelerated. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fire Numerical Simulation)

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14 pages, 4881 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Simulation of RC Beams during Fire Events Using a Nonlinear Numerical Fully Coupled Thermal-Stress Analysis

by Mohamed Elshorbagi and Mohammad AlHamaydeh

Fire 2023, 6(2), 57; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire6020057 - 7 Feb 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2124

Abstract

The collapse and deterioration of infrastructures due to fire events are documented annually. These fire incidents result in multiple deaths and property loss. In this paper, a reliable and practical numerical methodology was introduced to facilitate the whole process of fire simulations and [...] Read more.

The collapse and deterioration of infrastructures due to fire events are documented annually. These fire incidents result in multiple deaths and property loss. In this paper, a reliable and practical numerical methodology was introduced to facilitate the whole process of fire simulations and increase the practicality of performing comprehensive parametric studies in the future. These parametric studies are crucial for understanding the factors that affect thermal–structural responses and avoiding the high cost of destructive tests. The proposed algorithm comprises a fully nonlinear coupled thermal-stress analysis involving thermal and structural material nonlinearity and the thermal–structural response during a fire. A detailed numerical modeling analysis was performed with ABAQUS to achieve the proposed algorithm. The results of the proposed numerical methodology were validated against published experimental work. The experimental work includes a full-scale RC beam loaded with working loads and standard heating conditions to simulate real-life scenarios. The tested beam failed during the fire, and its fire resistance was recorded. The results demonstrated a good correlation with the experimental results in thermal and structural responses. Moreover, this paper presents the direct coupling technique (DCT) and the advantages of using DCT over the traditional sequential coupling technique (SCT). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fire Numerical Simulation)

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