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Dietary Fiber and Polysaccharide: Preparation, Structure and Health Benefits
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Dietary Fiber and Polysaccharide: Preparation, Structure and Health Benefits

A topical collection in Foods (ISSN 2304-8158). This collection belongs to the section "Nutraceuticals, Functional Foods, and Novel Foods".

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Editor

Prof. Dr. Qiang Yu

E-Mail Website
Collection Editor
State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
Interests: dietary fibers; polyphenols; polysaccharides; nutritional and health food; food processing; food toxicology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Topical Collection Information

Dear Colleagues,

Dietary fiber and polysaccharides, which are regarded as food bioactive carbohydrates, are widely present in nature. Over the past few decades, dietary fiber and polysaccharides have been drawing the interest of scientists in multidisciplinary research fields due to their broad range of health benefits, including immunomodulatory activity, antioxidant activity, anti-diabetic activity, prebiotic effects, and anti-inflammatory activity. Thus, exploring the optimal preparation method to enhance the yield and bioactivity of dietary fiber and polysaccharides is a promising field of knowledge. Moreover, it has been reported that these natural components exhibit diverse health benefits depending on their specific chemical structure and composition. Therefore, it is of great interest to further elucidate the structural/functional relationship as well as the interaction between composition and bioactivity.

Based on above facts, we would like to invite authors to contribute review articles, commentary, perspectives, and original research articles focusing on dietary fiber and polysaccharides on the preparation, structural characterization, and health benefits demonstrated by in vitro or in vivo experiments. We also welcome studies on the interaction of dietary fibers and polysaccharides with food matrices or small molecule compounds (bound polyphenols), which may enhance or modify their health benefits.

Prof. Dr. Qiang Yu
Collection Editor

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Keywords

  • dietary fiber
  • polysaccharides
  • preparation and modification
  • structural characterization
  • in vitro/ in vivo experiments
  • health benefits
  • interaction with food matrices
  • interaction with small molecule compounds
  • structure–function relationship
  • application

Published Papers (8 papers)

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2024

Jump to: 2023, 2022

16 pages, 8022 KiB  
Article
Effects of Physicochemical and Biological Treatment on Structure, Functional and Prebiotic Properties of Dietary Fiber from Corn Straw
by Yijie Qin, Xinyao Fan, Ya Gao, Ping Wang, Juan Chang, Chaoqi Liu, Lijun Wang and Qingqiang Yin
Foods 2024, 13(13), 1976; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13131976 - 22 Jun 2024
Viewed by 960
Abstract
Corn straw is one kind of agricultural by-product containing 70–80% insoluble dietary fiber (IDF). In order to develop corn straw dietary fiber, this study was conducted to increase soluble dietary fiber (SDF) yield and improve the structure, functional and prebiotic properties of IDF [...] Read more.
Corn straw is one kind of agricultural by-product containing 70–80% insoluble dietary fiber (IDF). In order to develop corn straw dietary fiber, this study was conducted to increase soluble dietary fiber (SDF) yield and improve the structure, functional and prebiotic properties of IDF and SDF from corn straw treated by alkali oxidation treatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, microbial fermentation and the combination of these methods. The results demonstrated that the yield of SDF was significantly increased from 2.64% to 17.15% after corn straw was treated by alkali oxidation treatment + Aspergillus niger fermentation + cellulase hydrolysis, compared with untreated corn straw. The SDF extracted from corn straw treated by alkali oxidation treatment + Aspergillus niger fermentation + cellulase hydrolysis (F-SDF) exhibited a honeycomb structure, low crystallinity (11.97%), good antioxidant capacity and high capacities of water holding, water solubility and cholesterol absorption and promoted short-chain fatty acids production by chicken cecal microbial fermentation in vitro. F-SDF enhanced the antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus proliferations of Lactobacillus plantarum when it was used as a substrate for Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation. It could be concluded that the combined treatments could increase SDF yield from corn straw and improve its functional and prebiotic properties. Full article
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2023

Jump to: 2024, 2022

13 pages, 3967 KiB  
Article
Effect of Soluble Dietary Fiber of Navel Orange Peel Prepared by Mixed Solid-State Fermentation on the Quality of Jelly
by Yanan Cheng, Puyou Xue, Yi Chen, Jianhua Xie, Guanyi Peng, Shenglan Tian, Xinxin Chang and Qiang Yu
Foods 2023, 12(8), 1724; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12081724 - 20 Apr 2023
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 2349
Abstract
The aim of this work was to prepare soluble dietary fibers (SDFs) from insoluble dietary fiber of navel orange peel (NOP-IDF) by mixed solid-state fermentation (M-SDF) and to investigate the influence of fermentation modification on the structural and functional characteristics of SDF in [...] Read more.
The aim of this work was to prepare soluble dietary fibers (SDFs) from insoluble dietary fiber of navel orange peel (NOP-IDF) by mixed solid-state fermentation (M-SDF) and to investigate the influence of fermentation modification on the structural and functional characteristics of SDF in comparison with untreated soluble dietary fiber (U-SDF) of NOP-IDF. Based on this, the contribution of two kinds of SDF to the texture and microstructure of jelly was further examined. The analysis of scanning electron microscopy indicated that M-SDF exhibited a loose structure. The analysis of scanning electron microscopy indicated that M-SDF exhibited a loose structure. In addition, M-SDF exhibited increased molecular weight and elevated thermal stability, and had significantly higher relative crystallinity than U-SDF. Fermentation modified the monosaccharide composition and ratio of SDF, as compared to U-SDF. The above results pointed out that the mixed solid-state fermentation contributed to alteration of the SDF structure. Furthermore, the water holding capacity and oil holding capacity of M-SDF were 5.68 ± 0.36 g/g and 5.04 ± 0.04 g/g, which were about six times and two times of U-SDF, respectively. Notably, the cholesterol adsorption capacity of M-SDF was highest at pH 7.0 (12.88 ± 0.15 g/g) and simultaneously exhibited better glucose adsorption capacity. In addition, jellies containing M-SDF exhibited a higher hardness of 751.15 than U-SDF, as well as better gumminess and chewiness. At the same time, the jelly added with M-SDF performed a homogeneous porous mesh structure, which contributed to keeping the texture of the jelly. In general, M-SDF displayed much excellent structural and functional properties, which could be utilized to develop functional food. Full article
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26 pages, 836 KiB  
Review
Perspectives in the Application of High, Medium, and Low Molecular Weight Oat β-d-Glucans in Dietary Nutrition and Food Technology—A Short Overview
by Leonid Sushytskyi, Andriy Synytsya, Jana Čopíková, Pavol Lukáč, Lenka Rajsiglová, Paolo Tenti and Luca E. Vannucci
Foods 2023, 12(6), 1121; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12061121 - 7 Mar 2023
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3104
Abstract
For centuries human civilization has cultivated oats, and now they are consumed in various forms of food, from instant breakfasts to beverages. They are a nutrient-rich food containing linear mixed-linkage (1 → 3) (1 → 4)-β-d-glucans, which are relatively [...] Read more.
For centuries human civilization has cultivated oats, and now they are consumed in various forms of food, from instant breakfasts to beverages. They are a nutrient-rich food containing linear mixed-linkage (1 → 3) (1 → 4)-β-d-glucans, which are relatively well soluble in water and responsible for various biological effects: the regulation of the blood cholesterol level, as well as being anti-inflammatory, prebiotic, antioxidant, and tumor-preventing. Numerous studies, especially in the last two decades, highlight the differences in the biological properties of the oat β-d-glucan fractions of low, medium, and high molecular weight. These fractions differ in their features due to variations in bioavailability related to the rheological properties of these polysaccharides, and their association with food matrices, purity, and mode of preparation or modification. There is strong evidence that, under different conditions, the molecular weight may determine the potency of oat-extracted β-d-glucans. In this review, we intend to give a concise overview of the properties and studies of the biological activities of oat β-d-glucan preparations depending on their molecular weight and how they represent a prospective ingredient of functional food with the potential to prevent or modulate various pathological conditions. Full article
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14 pages, 3916 KiB  
Article
Whey Protein Isolate-Mesona chinensis Polysaccharide Conjugate: Characterization and Its Applications in O/W Emulsions
by Meixiang Yao, Xin Qi, Jiahui Zhang, Chengyuan Wang and Jianhua Xie
Foods 2023, 12(5), 1068; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12051068 - 2 Mar 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2809
Abstract
Mesona chinensis polysaccharide (MCP), a common thickener, stabilizer and gelling agent in food and pharmaceuticals, also has antioxidant, immunomodulatory and hypoglycemic properties. Whey protein isolate (WPI)-MCP conjugate was prepared and used as a stabilizer for O/W emulsion in this study. FT-IR and surface [...] Read more.
Mesona chinensis polysaccharide (MCP), a common thickener, stabilizer and gelling agent in food and pharmaceuticals, also has antioxidant, immunomodulatory and hypoglycemic properties. Whey protein isolate (WPI)-MCP conjugate was prepared and used as a stabilizer for O/W emulsion in this study. FT-IR and surface hydrophobicity results showed there could exist interactions between -COO- in MCP and -NH3+ in WPI, and hydrogen bonding may be involved in the covalent binding process. The red-shifted peaks in the FT-IR spectra suggested the formation of WPI-MCP conjugate, and MCP may be bound to the hydrophobic area of WPI with decreasing surface hydrophobicity. According to chemical bond measurement, hydrophobic interaction, hydrogen bond and disulfide bond played the main role in the formation process of WPI-MCP conjugate. According to morphological analysis, the O/W emulsion formed by WPI-MCP had a larger size than the emulsion formed by WPI. The conjugation of MCP with WPI improved the apparent viscosity and gel structure of emulsions, which was concentration-dependent. The oxidative stability of the WPI-MCP emulsion was higher than that of the WPI emulsion. However, the protection effect of WPI-MCP emulsion on β-carotene still needs to be further improved. Full article
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2022

Jump to: 2024, 2023

14 pages, 2698 KiB  
Article
Physicochemical Characteristics of Soluble Dietary Fiber Obtained from Grapefruit Peel Insoluble Dietary Fiber and Its Effects on Blueberry Jam
by Jiayan Xie, Guanyi Peng, Xiaobo Hu, Jianhua Xie, Yi Chen, Ruihong Dong, Jingyu Si, Chaoran Yang and Qiang Yu
Foods 2022, 11(22), 3735; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11223735 - 21 Nov 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3264
Abstract
Appropriate modification methods can increase the proportion of soluble dietary fiber (SDF). In this study, grapefruit peel insoluble dietary fiber (GP-IDF) was modified with the combined microwave and enzymatic method to obtain SDF. With regard to structural characterization, SDF from grapefruit peel IDF [...] Read more.
Appropriate modification methods can increase the proportion of soluble dietary fiber (SDF). In this study, grapefruit peel insoluble dietary fiber (GP-IDF) was modified with the combined microwave and enzymatic method to obtain SDF. With regard to structural characterization, SDF from grapefruit peel IDF (GP-IDF-SDF) presented as a flat sheet with cracks, composed of a typical cellulose type I crystal, and had good stability below 200 °C. Galacturonic acid, arabinose and glucuronic acid were the main monosaccharide compositions, indicating that pectin might have been the principal component. Moreover, GP-IDF-SDF was excellent in water retention capacity (13.43 ± 1.19 g/g), oil retention capacity (22.10 ± 0.85 g/g) and glucose adsorption capacity (14.49 ± 0.068 mg/g). Thereafter, the effects of GP-IDF-SDF and commercial pectin addition on the color, rheology, texture and sensory properties of blueberry jam were compared. The results showed that the color of jam with GP-IDF-SDF was lighter. The addition of GP-IDF-SDF had less effects on the viscosity and gel strength of jam, but it enhanced the stability of jam. According to sensory data, the color, texture and spreadability of jam with GP-IDF-SDF or pectin were improved and more acceptable. Overall, GP-IDF-SDF had functional characteristics and played a positive role in jam, and it is expected to be a candidate for the development of functional food ingredients. Full article
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15 pages, 4369 KiB  
Article
Two Ascophyllum nodosum Fucoidans with Different Molecular Weights Inhibit Inflammation via Blocking of TLR/NF-κB Signaling Pathway Discriminately
by Lilong Wang, Linlin Wang, Chunhong Yan, Chunqing Ai, Chengrong Wen, Xiaoming Guo and Shuang Song
Foods 2022, 11(15), 2381; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11152381 - 8 Aug 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2366
Abstract
The present study aimed to clarify the potential mechanism of fucoidans found in Ascophyllum nodosum on anti-inflammation and to further explore the relationship between their structures and anti-inflammation. Two novel fucoidans named ANP-6 and ANP-7 and found in A. nodosum, were separated [...] Read more.
The present study aimed to clarify the potential mechanism of fucoidans found in Ascophyllum nodosum on anti-inflammation and to further explore the relationship between their structures and anti-inflammation. Two novel fucoidans named ANP-6 and ANP-7 and found in A. nodosum, were separated and purified and their structures were elucidated by HPGPC, HPLC, GC-MS, FT-IR, NMR, and by the Congo red test. They both possessed a backbone constructed of →2)-α-L-Fucp4S-(1→, →3)-α-L-Fucp2S4S-(1→, →6)-β-D-Galp-(1→, and →3,6)-β-D-Galp4S-(1→ with branches of →2)-α-L-Fucp4S-(1→ and →3)-β-D-Galp-(1→. Moreover, ANP-6 and ANP-7 could prevent the inflammation of the LPS-stimulated macrophages by suppressing the NO production and by regulating the expressions of iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10. Their inhibitory effects on the TLR-2 and TLR-4 levels suggest that they inhibit the inflammation process via the blocking of the TLR/NF-κB signal transduction. In addition, ANP-6, with a molecular weight (63.2 kDa), exhibited stronger anti-inflammatory capabilities than ANP-7 (124.5 kDa), thereby indicating that the molecular weight has an influence on the anti-inflammatory effects of fucoidans. Full article
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15 pages, 2872 KiB  
Article
A Sulfated Polysaccharide from Red Algae (Gelidium crinale) to Suppress Cells Metastasis and MMP-9 Expression of HT1080 Cells
by Haiyan Zheng, Yu Pei, Yuan-Lin He, Yi Liu, Minqi Chen, Pengzhi Hong, Chunxia Zhou and Zhong-Ji Qian
Foods 2022, 11(15), 2360; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11152360 - 6 Aug 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2335
Abstract
Sulfated polysaccharides from red algae have a variety of biological activities, especially antitumor activities. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is a proteolytic metalloenzyme that degrades the central part of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and promotes tumor metastasis. In this research, we have investigated the influence [...] Read more.
Sulfated polysaccharides from red algae have a variety of biological activities, especially antitumor activities. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is a proteolytic metalloenzyme that degrades the central part of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and promotes tumor metastasis. In this research, we have investigated the influence and mechanism of GNP (sulfated polysaccharide from Gelidium crinale) on tumor metastasis and MMP-9 expression of human fibrosarcoma (HT1080) cells. The results inflected that the concentration of GNP below 100 μg/mL has no toxicity to HT1080 cells, but showed excellent activity in inhibiting cells migration and invasion. In addition, GNP effectively inhibits the mRNA of MMP-9 and reduces its expression and activity by regulating nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and mTOR/PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. GNP has great potential as MMP-9 inhibitor and could be developed as a functional food or drug to prevent tumor metastasis. Full article
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16 pages, 2685 KiB  
Article
Structure, Physicochemical Property, and Functional Activity of Dietary Fiber Obtained from Pear Fruit Pomace (Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim) via Different Extraction Methods
by Fei Peng, Xin Ren, Bin Du, Linan Chen, Zuoqing Yu and Yuedong Yang
Foods 2022, 11(14), 2161; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11142161 - 21 Jul 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3165
Abstract
In this study, soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) were extracted from Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim pomace via three methods including enzymic extraction (EE), microwave-assisted enzymatic extraction (MEE), and three-phase partitioning (TPP). The effects of different extraction methods on the structure, [...] Read more.
In this study, soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) were extracted from Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim pomace via three methods including enzymic extraction (EE), microwave-assisted enzymatic extraction (MEE), and three-phase partitioning (TPP). The effects of different extraction methods on the structure, physicochemical property, and functional activity of the extracted dietary fiber were evaluated. The results showed that different extraction methods had significant effects on the extraction yield, molecular weight distribution, thermal stability, antioxidant activity, and hypoglycemic activity in vitro, but resulted in no difference in the structure and composition of functional groups. It is noteworthy that SDF extracted by TPP has a more complex and porous structure, lower molecular weight, and higher thermal stability, as well as better physicochemical properties and in vitro hypoglycemic activity. IDF extracted by MEE showed the greatest water and oil holding capacity; the highest adsorption capacity for glucose, cholesterol, and nitrite ion; as well as the strongest inhibitory activity on α-amylase. These results suggest that PUP may be a source of cheap natural dietary fiber. Full article
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