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A special issue of Forests (ISSN 1999-4907). This special issue belongs to the section "Wood Science and Forest Products".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2024) | Viewed by 6502

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ján Kováč

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Guest Editor

Department of Environmental and Forestry Machinery, Faculty of Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, Študentská 26, 96001 Zvolen, Slovakia
Interests: forest machinery; wood processing; cutting mechanisms; physical properties of materials; forest biomass; agrophysics; machine construction

Dr. Richard Kminiak

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Guest Editor

Department of Woodworking, Faculty of Wood Sciences and Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, T. G. Masaryka 24, 96001 Zvolen, Slovakia
Interests: chip and chipless machining of wood and wood-based materials; CNC technology in the woodworking industry; wood cutting tools; optimization of processes in the woodworking industry; issue of Industry 4.0
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Prof. Dr. Paweł Tylek

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Guest Editor

Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 31425 Krakow, Poland
Interests: physical characteristics of materials; forest biomass; agrophysics; mechanization of nursery works; machinery construction; automation and robotization of production processes
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The development of more complex equipment and progressive technologies for the purpose of reducing energy and material requirements, increasing machine reliability and automating management has encouraged the exploration of the theoretical foundations of processes and the use of forest technology ever more widely and deeply. Wood is a natural resource that creates challenging conditions for processing machines. It is necessary to appropriately mechanize wood processing to produce a process sufficient to fast and high-quality operations associated with wood processing.

Since technology and technology are developing very quickly, it is necessary to pay closer attention to the issue of wood division, whether in the field of logging or further processing. Research and development are currently devoted to the improvement of existing methods of mechanical wood cutting and the development of new systems for further processing of wood.

Wood cutting is generally defined as a basic technological process in the production and processing of wood. It significantly affects the organization of production, efficiency, work safety, product quality and the amount of energy consumed. Understanding these factors and their mutual interactions will help researchers to fully understand the very principle of the woodworking process. Knowledge of this issue will help us to eliminate undesirable negative phenomena during wood processing and thus the loss of wood raw material, improving the quality of the entire process from various points of view.

Dr. Ján Kováč
Dr. Richard Kminiak
Prof. Dr. Paweł Tylek
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

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Keywords

forest machines
logging
wood cutting
wood processing mechanisms
energy intensity of the process
new trends
woodworking process

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 57087 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Design of Vibration and Noise Reduction for Ultra-Thin Cemented Carbide Circular Saw Blades in Woodworking Based on Multi-Objective Optimization

by Na Jia, Lei Guo, Ruisen Wang and Jiuqing Liu

Forests 2024, 15(9), 1554; https://doi.org/10.3390/f15091554 - 3 Sep 2024

Viewed by 912

Abstract

Cemented carbide circular saw blades are widely used for wood cutting, but they often suffer from vibration and noise issues. This study presents a multi-objective optimization method that integrates ANSYS and MATLAB to optimize the design of noise reduction slots in circular saw blades. A mathematical model was developed to correlate the emitted sound power with the overall vibration intensity. A multi-objective optimization model was then formulated to map the slot shape parameters to the deformation, equivalent stress, and vibration intensity during sawing. The ABAQUS thermal–mechanical coupling analysis was used to determine the sawing force and temperature field. The NSGA-II algorithm was applied on the ANSYS–MATLAB platform to iteratively compute slot shape parameters and conduct optimization searches for a globally optimal solution. Circular saw blades were fabricated based on the optimization results, and experimental results showed a significant reduction in sawing noise by 2.4 dB to 3.0 dB on average. The noise reduction effect within the specified frequency range closely agreed with the simulation results, validating the method’s efficiency. This study provides a feasible and cost-effective solution to the multi-objective optimization design problem of noise reduction slots for circular saw blades. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Technology and Solutions for Wood Processing)

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12 pages, 3274 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Milling Methods on Cutting Performance of Wood–Plastic Composites Based on Principal Component Analysis

by Yunqi Zhu, Dietrich Buck, Jun Guan, Meiqi Song, Qi Tang, Xiaolei Guo and Zhaolong Zhu

Forests 2024, 15(9), 1516; https://doi.org/10.3390/f15091516 - 29 Aug 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 666

Abstract

In the industrial machining of wood–plastic composites, optimization of cutting parameters is key to improving workpiece machinability. To explore the influence of different milling methods of straight-tooth milling, helical milling, and tapered milling on the machinability of wood–plastic composite, a milling experiment was performed. Cutting force, cutting temperature, and surface roughness were selected as evaluative factors. Based on experimental results, principal component analysis was used to analyze the significance of each factor’s contribution and to assess different milling methods of wood–plastic composite for different needs. By calculating the total score from principal component analysis, the optimized cutting mode was determined to be straight-tooth milling, with feed per tooth of 0.2 mm and cutting depth of 0.5 mm. Milling methods in order of decreasing cutting force were helical milling > straight-tooth milling > tapered milling. Milling methods in order of decreasing cutting temperature were helical milling > tapered milling > straight-tooth milling. In terms of the tradeoff between surface quality and processing efficiency, tapered milling is suitable for finishing, considering the machining quality, while helical milling is suitable for roughing, considering the machining efficiency. One of the contributions of this study is to link three separate milling study systems (straight-tooth milling, helical milling, and tapered milling) into one system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Technology and Solutions for Wood Processing)

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20 pages, 1502 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Physico-Mechanical and Energy Properties of Pine (Pinus sylvestris) and Beech (Fagus sylvatica) Wood from Railroad Ties

by Monika Aniszewska, Arkadiusz Gendek, Barbora Tamelová, Jan Malaťák, Jan Velebil, Jozef Krilek, Iveta Čabalová, Ireneusz Mikłaszewicz, Witold Zychowicz, Michał Drożdżek and Andrzej Mazurek

Forests 2024, 15(3), 485; https://doi.org/10.3390/f15030485 - 5 Mar 2024

Viewed by 1388

Abstract

The objective of the present work was to determine the physico-mechanical and energy properties of pine (Pinus sylvestris) and beech (Fagus sylvatica) wood from railroad ties. The ties were divided into internal and external parts as well as into parts impregnated and unimpregnated with creosote oil. The effects of creosote impregnation on wood hardness, compressive strength parallel to the grain, static bending strength, and calorific value were studied. The obtained results show that the parameters of the analyzed samples meet the standard requirements (EN 338) for construction wood (compressive and bending strength class: C50—pine; D70—beech). Depending on the particular property being studied, both pine and beech samples belong to the highest or one of the highest wood quality classes. Creosote oil considerably increased wood density (by 9% for beech and 19% for pine) but did not affect its hardness. Creosote impregnation significantly improved the compressive strength parallel to the grain of both wood species (beech:

σ_{c} = 51.99 M P a

(IN);

σ_{c} = 57.78 M P a

(OUT); pine:

σ_{c} = 36.56 M P a

(IN);

σ_{c} = 42.45 M P a

(OUT)); in the case of static bending strength, its value was increased for beech wood (

σ_{g} = 106.13 M P a

(IN);

σ_{g} = 113.18 M P a

(OUT)) and reduced for pine wood (

σ_{g} = 66.34 M P a

(IN);

σ_{g} = 82.62 M P a

(OUT)). The oil contained in wood from ties significantly elevated its calorific value (by 25% for beech and 10% for pine). Unfortunately, the presence of creosote oil currently prevents wood from railroad ties from being reused as the oil is deemed hazardous and carcinogenic. However, if it were possible to isolate the unimpregnated parts of railroad ties, they could be reapplied for construction or other uses. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Technology and Solutions for Wood Processing)

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19 pages, 5027 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparison of Surface Roughness of Beech Wood after Sanding with an Eccentric and Belt Sander

by Lukáš Adamčík, Ladislav Dzurenda, Adrián Banski and Richard Kminiak

Forests 2024, 15(1), 45; https://doi.org/10.3390/f15010045 - 25 Dec 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1292

Abstract

The presented paper deals with a mutual comparison of the roughness of the sanded radial surface after an eccentric and a belt sander. The beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) was sanded with an eccentric sander ETS 125 REQ-PLUS and a belt sander BS-75 E-set from Festool with the grit sizes P40, P60, P80, P100, P120 and P150. The evaluation of the roughness parameters Ra, Rp, Rv, Rz, and Rt was carried out using a digital microscope with a 2.5 mm L-filter and an 8 μm S-filter under the conditions of the technical standard STN EN ISO 21920. The measured results were supported using microscopic analysis of the surface topography especially for surfaces with very high roughness. The experiment shows a lower surface roughness of beech wood sanded with an eccentric sander. The sander created a surface with smaller grooves, removed more protruding fibers and created a more homogeneous surface suitable for subsequent surface treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Technology and Solutions for Wood Processing)

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20 pages, 8433 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Tannic Acid on the Corrosion Behavior of W18Cr4V in a Simulated Wood Environment and Its Inhibition Mechanism

by Na Jia, Chunxin Wang, Chunpu Zhang and Jiuqing Liu

Forests 2023, 14(9), 1781; https://doi.org/10.3390/f14091781 - 31 Aug 2023

Viewed by 1398

Abstract

This study explores the effect of tannic acid on the corrosion of woodworking tool material W18Cr4V in a simulated wood environment. The weight loss method, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to study the corrosion and the corrosion inhibition process of W18Cr4V in an environment of acetic acid solution with different concentrations of tannic acid. The results show that after continuous immersion for 20 h, low concentrations (1 wt% and 3 wt%) of tannic acid promoted the corrosion of W18Cr4V, while high concentrations (5 wt% and above) of tannic acid had a significant anti-corrosion effect, with a corrosion inhibition efficiency of about 64% for 10 wt% tannic acid. Scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to further verify and elucidate the inhibition mechanism. It was found that tannic acid can form a dense and effective corrosion inhibition film composed of iron–tannin complexes on the surface of W18Cr4V. This study not only provides a new perspective on understanding the corrosion effect of tannic acid on woodworking tools but also offers new insights for developing effective bio-corrosion protection strategies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Technology and Solutions for Wood Processing)

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