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Fractal Fract
Special Issues
Application of Fractal Antennas in Electrical Engineering and Wireless Telecommunications
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Application of Fractal Antennas in Electrical Engineering and Wireless Telecommunications

A special issue of Fractal and Fractional (ISSN 2504-3110). This special issue belongs to the section "Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2023) | Viewed by 9963

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Peter Z. Petkov

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Telecommunications, Technical University of Sofia, 1156 Sofia, Bulgaria
Interests: antennas and microwaves; satellite and GNSS communications and applications; ionosphere research; airborne and space-born antennas and applications; digital and synthetic aperture radars; interference detection; RF to optical signal transmission
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Since the introduction of fractal description and theory in the 1970s, this type of geometries has been applied in many areas of human knowledge. Recently, with the development of computer-aided design for electromagnetics, it has become possible to design and deploy these geometries in a wide variety of antenna and RF/Microwave applications. The focus of this Special Issue is on the technical application of fractals, but submissions from any contemporary field of applied science are welcome.

  • Novel fractals and fractal-inspired structures in electromagnetics and antennas;
  • Fractals and fractional order for microwave filter design;
  • Fractals and fractal-inspired metamaterials;
  • Fractals and fractal models for biology, biomedicine, and bioinformatics;
  • Any other electronics, communications, or physical application where fractals or self-similar structures are put to use.

We look forward to hearing from you and reviewing your submissions.

Dr. Peter Z. Petkov
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Fractal and Fractional is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 6459 KiB  
Article
Minkowski–Sierpinski Fractal Structure-Inspired 2 × 2 Antenna Array for Use in Next-Generation Wireless Systems
by Arshad Karimbu Vallappil, Bilal A. Khawaja, Mohamad Kamal A. Rahim, Muhammad Uzair, Mohsin Jamil and Qasim Awais
Fractal Fract. 2023, 7(2), 158; https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract7020158 - 5 Feb 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2085
Abstract
In this paper, the design, simulation, fabrication, and characterization study of a low-cost and directional hybrid four-element (2 × 2 configuration) Minkowski–Sierpinski fractal antenna array (MSFAA) for the high-efficiency IEEE 802.11ax WLANs (Wi-Fi 6E) and the sub-6 GHz 5G wireless system is presented. [...] Read more.
In this paper, the design, simulation, fabrication, and characterization study of a low-cost and directional hybrid four-element (2 × 2 configuration) Minkowski–Sierpinski fractal antenna array (MSFAA) for the high-efficiency IEEE 802.11ax WLANs (Wi-Fi 6E) and the sub-6 GHz 5G wireless system is presented. Each element of the array is separated by 0.7 λ0. The complete four-element fractal antenna array system includes designing the single-element Minkowski–Sierpinski fractal antenna using two different substrates for performance comparison and an equal-split Wilkinson power divider (WPD) to achieve power division and to form a feed network. The single-element antenna, four-element fractal antenna array, and WPDs are fabricated using a flame-resistant (FR4) glass epoxy substrate with a dielectric constant (εr) of 4.3 and thickness (h) of 1.66 mm. For performance comparison, a high-end Rogers thermoset microwave material (TMM4) substrate is also used, having εr = 4.5 and h = 1.524mm, respectively. The designed four-element fractal antenna array operates at the dual-band frequencies of 4.17 and 5.97 GHz, respectively. The various performance parameters of the antenna array, such as return loss, bandwidth, gain, and 2D and 3D radiation patterns, are analyzed using CST Microwave Studio. The fabricated four-element antenna array provides the bandwidth and gain characteristic of 85 MHz/4.19 dB and 182 MHz/9.61 dB at 4.17 and 5.97 GHz frequency bands, respectively. The proposed antenna array design gives an improvement in the bandwidth, gain, and radiation pattern in the boresight at both frequencies. In the IEEE 802.11 ax WLANs (Wi-Fi 6E) deployments and the upcoming 5G wireless and satellite communication systems, it is critical to have directional antenna arrays to focus the radiated power in any specific direction. Therefore, it is believed that the proposed dual-band four-element fractal antenna array with directional radiation patterns can be an ideal candidate for the high-efficiency IEEE 802.11ax WLANs (Wi-Fi 6E) and the upcoming 5G wireless and satellite communication systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Fractal Antennas in Electrical Engineering and Wireless Telecommunications)
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18 pages, 66147 KiB  
Article
A Miniaturized Tri-Wideband Sierpinski Hexagonal-Shaped Fractal Antenna for Wireless Communication Applications
by Omaima Benkhadda, Mohamed Saih, Sarosh Ahmad, Ahmed Jamal Abdullah Al-Gburi, Zahriladha Zakaria, Kebir Chaji and Abdelati Reha
Fractal Fract. 2023, 7(2), 115; https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract7020115 - 25 Jan 2023
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 2990
Abstract
This paper introduces a new tri-wideband fractal antenna for use in wireless communication applications. The fractal manufactured antenna developed has a Sierpinski hexagonal-shaped radiating element and a partial ground plane loaded with three rectangular stubs and three rectangular slits. The investigated antenna has [...] Read more.
This paper introduces a new tri-wideband fractal antenna for use in wireless communication applications. The fractal manufactured antenna developed has a Sierpinski hexagonal-shaped radiating element and a partial ground plane loaded with three rectangular stubs and three rectangular slits. The investigated antenna has a small footprint of 0.19λ0 × 0.24 λ0 × 0.0128 λ0 and improved bandwidth and gain. According to the measurements, the designed antenna resonates throughout the frequency ranges of 2.19–4.43 GHz, 4.8–7.76 GHz, and 8.04–11.32 GHz. These frequency ranges are compatible with a variety of wireless technologies, including WLAN, WiMAX, ISM, LTE, RFID, Bluetooth, 5G spectrum band, C-band, and X-band. The investigated antenna exhibited good gain with almost omnidirectional radiation patterns. Utilizing CST MWS, the performance of the suggested Sierpinski hexagonal-shaped fractal antenna was achieved. The findings were then compared to the experimental results, which were found to be in strong agreement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Fractal Antennas in Electrical Engineering and Wireless Telecommunications)
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16 pages, 6684 KiB  
Article
Design, Modeling, and Implementation of Dual Notched UWB Bandpass Filter Employing Rectangular Stubs and Embedded L-Shaped Structure
by Abdul Basit, Amil Daraz, Muhammad Irshad Khan, Najmus Saqib and Guoqiang Zhang
Fractal Fract. 2023, 7(2), 112; https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract7020112 - 23 Jan 2023
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1851
Abstract
Targeting the range defined by the FCC (Federal Communication Commission) in 2002 for ultra-passband bandpass filters, i.e., 3.1 to 10.6 GHz, this article presents a simple compact multipoles ultra-wideband bandpass filter (range starting from 2.9 GHz and end at 11.5 GHz with central [...] Read more.
Targeting the range defined by the FCC (Federal Communication Commission) in 2002 for ultra-passband bandpass filters, i.e., 3.1 to 10.6 GHz, this article presents a simple compact multipoles ultra-wideband bandpass filter (range starting from 2.9 GHz and end at 11.5 GHz with central frequency 7.2 GHz) using parallel coupled microstrip line and multimode resonator with controllable double narrow notched bands at 3.5 GHz and 7.5 GHz by embedded a spur line structure and rectangular stub resonator coupled to the middle section of the multimode resonator to eliminate the interference with the existing radio signals falls in the range of 3.1 to 10.6 GHz, respectively. After optimization of the proposed filter, some attractive features were obtained, i.e., a compact size 21 mm × 5.2 mm, simple topology, good reflection coefficient lower than −18 dB, good passband transmission coefficient –1.1 dB over the entire fractional bandwidth of about 119.4%, and four transmission poles at 3.4 GHz, 4.6 GHz, 6.5 GHz, and 10 GHz, respectively, can be seen which improves the performance of the filter. Finally, the fabricated filter was tested, and the results obtained demonstrated an excellent agreement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Fractal Antennas in Electrical Engineering and Wireless Telecommunications)
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12 pages, 2973 KiB  
Article
Lightweight 3D-Printed Fractal Gradient-Index Lens Antenna with Stable Gain Performance
by Yeonju Kim, Duc Anh Pham, Ratanak Phon and Sungjoon Lim
Fractal Fract. 2022, 6(10), 551; https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract6100551 - 29 Sep 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2130
Abstract
This paper proposes a millimeter-wave lens antenna using 3-dimensional (3D) printing technology to reduce weight and provide stable gain performance. The antenna consists of a four-layer cylindrical gradient-index (GRIN) lens fed by a wideband Yagi antenna. We designed a fractal cell geometry to [...] Read more.
This paper proposes a millimeter-wave lens antenna using 3-dimensional (3D) printing technology to reduce weight and provide stable gain performance. The antenna consists of a four-layer cylindrical gradient-index (GRIN) lens fed by a wideband Yagi antenna. We designed a fractal cell geometry to achieve the desired effective permittivity for a GRIN lens. Among different candidates, the honeycomb structure is chosen to provide high mechanical strength with light weight, low dielectric loss, and lens dispersion for a lens antenna. Therefore, the measured peak gain was relatively flat at 16.86 ± 0.5 dBi within 25−31.5 GHz, corresponding to 1 dB gain bandwidth = 23%. The proposed 3D-printed GRIN lens is cost-effective, with rapid and easy manufacturing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Fractal Antennas in Electrical Engineering and Wireless Telecommunications)
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