Fractional Gravity/Cosmology in Classical and Quantum Regimes, Second Edition

A special issue of Fractal and Fractional (ISSN 2504-3110). This special issue belongs to the section "Mathematical Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2025 | Viewed by 1021

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1. Departamento de Física, Centro de Matemática e Aplicações (CMA-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Rua Marquês d’Avila e Bolama, 6200-001 Covilhã, Portugal
2. Department of Physics, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin 341851416, Iran
Interests: general relativity; quantum field theory; gravitational physics; quantum mechanics; theoretical particle; physics; high-energy physics
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Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil
Interests: theoretical physics, quantum gravity, quantum cosmology, foundations of quantum mechanics
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In fractional calculus, the power of the differentiation operator (which is not local) is any rational (or even real or complex) number. Recently, it has been widely used in various branches of physics. Such frameworks have played an important role in understanding complex systems in both the classical and quantum regimes. In what follows, we will focus on fractional gravity and cosmology.

Regarding the classical regime, fractional derivative cosmology has been established by two different methods: (i) The Last Step Modification method is the simplest one, in which the given cosmological field equations for a specific model are replaced by the corresponding fractional field equations. (ii) The First Step Modification method can be considered a more fundamental methodology. In this method, one starts by establishing fractional derivative geometry. More concretely, the variational principle for fractional action is applied to establish a modified cosmological model.

The main objective of the mentioned methods is the investigation of open problems in gravity/cosmology.  

In the context of fractional quantum mechanics, the fractional Schrödinger equation (SE) has been obtained with space, time, and spacetime fractional derivatives. These frameworks have been applied to solve various problems with different potentials.

Moreover, fractional quantum mechanics has been applied as a tool within quantum field theory and gravity for fractional spacetime.

Inspired by the modified SE mentioned above, the fractional Wheeler–DeWitt equation associated with fractional quantum cosmology was also set up.

We welcome new ideas, current developments, future perspectives, and review articles on the above fractional proposals relevant to gravitation and cosmology, which are the focus of this Special Issue.

Dr. Seyed Meraj Mousavi Rasouli
Dr. Shahram Jalalzadeh
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • fractional calculus
  • fractional derivatives
  • riesz fractional operator
  • caputo fractional operator
  • fractional Brownian motion
  • levy path integrals
  • fractional-action-like variational approach
  • fractional quantum mechanics
  • fractional classical cosmology
  • fractional quantum cosmology
  • non-local operators

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40 pages, 8293 KiB  
Article
Fractional Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet Scalar Field Cosmology
by Bayron Micolta-Riascos, Alfredo D. Millano, Genly Leon, Byron Droguett, Esteban González and Juan Magaña
Fractal Fract. 2024, 8(11), 626; https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract8110626 - 24 Oct 2024
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Abstract
Our paper introduces a new theoretical framework called the Fractional Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet scalar field cosmology, which has important physical implications. Using fractional calculus to modify the gravitational action integral, we derived a modified Friedmann equation and a modified Klein–Gordon equation. Our research reveals non-trivial [...] Read more.
Our paper introduces a new theoretical framework called the Fractional Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet scalar field cosmology, which has important physical implications. Using fractional calculus to modify the gravitational action integral, we derived a modified Friedmann equation and a modified Klein–Gordon equation. Our research reveals non-trivial solutions associated with exponential potential, exponential couplings to the Gauss–Bonnet term, and a logarithmic scalar field, which are dependent on two cosmological parameters, m and α0=t0H0 and the fractional derivative order μ. By employing linear stability theory, we reveal the phase space structure and analyze the dynamic effects of the Gauss–Bonnet couplings. The scaling behavior at some equilibrium points reveals that the geometric corrections in the coupling to the Gauss–Bonnet scalar can mimic the behavior of the dark sector in modified gravity. Using data from cosmic chronometers, type Ia supernovae, supermassive Black Hole Shadows, and strong gravitational lensing, we estimated the values of m and α0, indicating that the solution is consistent with an accelerated expansion at late times with the values α0=1.38±0.05, m=1.44±0.05, and μ=1.48±0.17 (consistent with Ωm,0=0.311±0.016 and h=0.712±0.007), resulting in an age of the Universe t0=19.0±0.7 [Gyr] at 1σ CL. Ultimately, we obtained late-time accelerating power-law solutions supported by the most recent cosmological data, and we proposed an alternative explanation for the origin of cosmic acceleration other than ΛCDM. Our results generalize and significantly improve previous achievements in the literature, highlighting the practical implications of fractional calculus in cosmology. Full article
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