5G-V2X Communications and Networking for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles

A special issue of Future Internet (ISSN 1999-5903).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2019) | Viewed by 47353

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
DIIES Department, Mediterranea University of ​​Reggio Calabria, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy
Interests: wireless and mobile networks; vehicular networks; 5G systems; future internet
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
The Department of Information, Infrastructures and Sustainable Energy (DIIES), University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, 89100 Reggio Calabria, Italy
Interests: 5G; edge computing; V2X communications; network softwarization; Internet of Things

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Guest Editor
EURECOM, 06904 Sophia Antipolis, France
Interests: wireless vehicular communication and networking; traffic flow & transportation modeling; positioning and localization; control system optimization; ADAS and Cooperative ITS

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Guest Editor
Department of Computer Engineering and Automation, University of Campinas, Albert Einstein - 400, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz CEP: 13083-852, Campinas, SP, Brazil
Interests: network architectures; SDN; NFV; P4; machine learning
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
School of Information Technology, Halmstad University, 301 18 Halmstad, Sweden
Interests: vehicular networks; networked systems; autonomous vehicles; cyber-physical systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

in the last decade, we have experienced an incredible surge of interest in connected and autonomous vehicles and related enabling technologies, which are expected to revolutionize future intelligent transport systems (ITS). This complex ecosystem mandates a robust but flexible communication, networking and computing technology foundation. In such a context, fifth generation (5G) technologies and enablers will be game changers. By leveraging novel efficient air interfaces, higher frequencies (millimeter wave), as well as disruptive network software, virtualization and programmability principles, 5G intends to guarantee ultra-low latency, ultra-high reliability, high-data-rate vehicle-to-everything (V2X) connectivity.

This Special Issue encourages the submission of high quality, innovative and original contributions covering advances in the field of 5G-V2X technologies.

The list of possible topics includes, but is not limited to:

  • V2X access technologies (e.g., C-V2X Mode 3/Mode 4, DSRC, IEEE 802.11p, IEEE 802.11 Next Generation V2X)
  • New bands for V2X (e.g., visible light, mmWave)
  • 5G New Radio (NR) solutions for V2X ultra reliable ultra-low latency communications (URLLC)
  • Non-orthogonal multi-access techniques (NOMA) for V2X
  • Full-duplex techniques for V2X
  • Heterogeneous/multi-RATs V2X networking architectures
  • Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications
  • Software-defined networking (SDN)/network function virtualization (NFV) solutions for V2X
  • Information-centric networking (ICN) for V2X
  • Fog/mobile edge computing (MEC) for V2X
  • Big data and machine learning algorithms for V2X
  • Network slicing solutions for V2X
  • Security and privacy issues for V2X
  • Localization techniques for V2X (e.g., for vulnerable road users, platoons)
  • V2X applications (e.g., cooperative sensing and maneuvering, autonomous driving, platooning, tele-operated driving)
  • Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) assisted communications for V2X
  • Emulation/simulation/experimental platforms and testing approaches for V2X
  • Standardization activities in the V2X/ITS landscape

Prof. Antonella Molinaro
Prof. Claudia Campolo
Prof. Jérôme Härri
Prof. Christian Esteve Rothenberg
Prof. Alexey Vinel
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • V2X
  • 5G
  • SDN/NFV
  • MEC
  • connected and autonomous vehicles
  • network slicing
  • IEEE 802.11
  • C-V2X
  • millimeter wave
  • 5G New Radio

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Editorial

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3 pages, 188 KiB  
Editorial
5G-V2X Communications and Networking for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles
by Antonella Molinaro, Claudia Campolo, Jérôme Härri, Christian Esteve Rothenberg and Alexey Vinel
Future Internet 2020, 12(7), 116; https://doi.org/10.3390/fi12070116 - 8 Jul 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4146
Abstract
In the last decade, there has been a surge in interest in connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) and related enabling technologies in the fields of communication, automation, computing, sensing, and positioning [...] Full article

Research

Jump to: Editorial

16 pages, 1698 KiB  
Article
5G Cross-Border Operation for Connected and Automated Mobility: Challenges and Solutions
by Apostolos Kousaridas, Andreas Schimpe, Sebastian Euler, Xavier Vilajosana, Mikael Fallgren, Giada Landi, Francesca Moscatelli, Sokratis Barmpounakis, Francisco Vázquez-Gallego, Roshan Sedar, Rodrigo Silva, Laurent Dizambourg, Stefan Wendt, Maciej Muehleisen, Kurt Eckert, Jérôme Härri and Jesus Alonso-Zarate
Future Internet 2020, 12(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/fi12010005 - 24 Dec 2019
Cited by 32 | Viewed by 7513
Abstract
The vision of cooperative, connected and automated mobility (CCAM) across Europe can only be realized when harmonized solutions that support cross-border traffic exist. The possibility of providing CCAM services along different countries when vehicles drive across various national borders has a huge innovative [...] Read more.
The vision of cooperative, connected and automated mobility (CCAM) across Europe can only be realized when harmonized solutions that support cross-border traffic exist. The possibility of providing CCAM services along different countries when vehicles drive across various national borders has a huge innovative business potential. However, the seamless provision of connectivity and the uninterrupted delivery of services along borders also poses interesting technical challenges. The situation is particularly innovative given the multi-country, multi-operator, multi-telco-vendor, and multi-car-manufacturer scenario of any cross-border layout. This paper introduces the challenges associated to a cross-border deployment of communication technologies through the analysis of three use cases: tele-operated driving, high-definition map generation and distribution for autonomous vehicles, and anticipated cooperative collision avoidance. Furthermore, a set of 5G solutions have been identified to ensure that CCAM services can be supported efficiently in cross-border scenarios. Faster handover of a data connection from one operator to another, generalized inter-mobile edge computing (MEC) coordination, and quality of service (QoS) prediction are some of the solutions that have been introduced to reduce the uncertainties of a real 5G cross-border deployment. Full article
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26 pages, 4330 KiB  
Article
5G V2X System-Level Architecture of 5GCAR Project
by Massimo Condoluci, Laurent Gallo, Laurent Mussot, Apostolos Kousaridas, Panagiotis Spapis, Maliheh Mahlouji and Toktam Mahmoodi
Future Internet 2019, 11(10), 217; https://doi.org/10.3390/fi11100217 - 19 Oct 2019
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 7669
Abstract
One of the goals of the 5G Communication Automotive Research and innovation (5GCAR) project has been to evaluate and propose system architecture enhancements aiming at supporting the strict requirements of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) use cases. In this paper, we provide an overview of 3GPP [...] Read more.
One of the goals of the 5G Communication Automotive Research and innovation (5GCAR) project has been to evaluate and propose system architecture enhancements aiming at supporting the strict requirements of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) use cases. In this paper, we provide an overview of 3GPP 5G system architecture, which is used as a baseline architecture in the project, and we present the main architectural enhancements introduced by 5GCAR. The work of the project focused on the following categories: (i) end-to-end security, also including aspects of privacy; (ii) network orchestration and management; (iii) network procedures; (iv) edge computing enhancements; and (v) multi-connectivity cooperation. The enhancements introduced by 5GCAR to above-listed categories are discussed in this paper, while a more detailed analysis of some selected features is presented. Full article
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22 pages, 11796 KiB  
Article
Low Delay Inter-Packet Coding in Vehicular Networks
by Irina Bocharova, Boris Kudryashov, Nikita Lyamin, Erik Frick, Maben Rabi and Alexey Vinel
Future Internet 2019, 11(10), 212; https://doi.org/10.3390/fi11100212 - 11 Oct 2019
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4711
Abstract
In Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems (C-ITSs), vehicles need to wirelessly connect with Roadside units (RSUs) over limited durations when such point-to-point connections are possible. One example of such communications is the downloading of maps to the C-ITS vehicles. Another example occurs in the [...] Read more.
In Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems (C-ITSs), vehicles need to wirelessly connect with Roadside units (RSUs) over limited durations when such point-to-point connections are possible. One example of such communications is the downloading of maps to the C-ITS vehicles. Another example occurs in the testing of C-ITS vehicles, where the tested vehicles upload trajectory records to the roadside units. Because of real-time requirements, and limited bandwidths, data are sent as User Datagram Protocol (UDP) packets. We propose an inter-packet error control coding scheme that improves the recovery of data when some of these packets are lost; we argue that the coding scheme has to be one of convolutional coding. We measure performance through the session averaged probability of successfully delivering groups of packets. We analyze two classes of convolution codes and propose a low-complexity decoding procedure suitable for network applications. We conclude that Reed–Solomon convolutional codes perform better than Wyner–Ash codes at the cost of higher complexity. We show this by simulation on the memoryless binary erasure channel (BEC) and channels with memory, and through simulations of the IEEE 802.11p DSRC/ITS-G5 network at the C-ITS test track AstaZero. Full article
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19 pages, 685 KiB  
Article
Enhancing the 3GPP V2X Architecture with Information-Centric Networking
by Marica Amadeo, Claudia Campolo, Antonella Molinaro, Jerome Harri, Christian Esteve Rothenberg and Alexey Vinel
Future Internet 2019, 11(9), 199; https://doi.org/10.3390/fi11090199 - 18 Sep 2019
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 5459
Abstract
Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications allow a vehicle to interact with other vehicles and with communication parties in its vicinity (e.g., road-side units, pedestrian users, etc.) with the primary goal of making the driving and traveling experience safer, smarter and more comfortable. A wide set [...] Read more.
Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications allow a vehicle to interact with other vehicles and with communication parties in its vicinity (e.g., road-side units, pedestrian users, etc.) with the primary goal of making the driving and traveling experience safer, smarter and more comfortable. A wide set of V2X-tailored specifications have been identified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) with focus on the design of architecture enhancements and a flexible air interface to ensure ultra-low latency, highly reliable and high-throughput connectivity as the ultimate aim. This paper discusses the potential of leveraging Information-Centric Networking (ICN) principles in the 3GPP architecture for V2X communications. We consider Named Data Networking (NDN) as reference ICN architecture and elaborate on the specific design aspects, required changes and enhancements in the 3GPP V2X architecture to enable NDN-based data exchange as an alternative/complementary solution to traditional IP networking, which barely matches the dynamics of vehicular environments. Results are provided to showcase the performance improvements of the NDN-based proposal in disseminating content requests over the cellular network against a traditional networking solution. Full article
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15 pages, 1625 KiB  
Article
Indoor Vehicles Geolocalization Using LoRaWAN
by Pietro Manzoni, Carlos T. Calafate, Juan-Carlos Cano and Enrique Hernández-Orallo
Future Internet 2019, 11(6), 124; https://doi.org/10.3390/fi11060124 - 31 May 2019
Cited by 28 | Viewed by 5886
Abstract
One of the main drawbacks of Global Navigation Satellite Sytems (GNSS) is that they do not work indoors. When inside, there is often no direct line from the satellite signals to the device and the ultra high frequency (UHF) used is blocked by [...] Read more.
One of the main drawbacks of Global Navigation Satellite Sytems (GNSS) is that they do not work indoors. When inside, there is often no direct line from the satellite signals to the device and the ultra high frequency (UHF) used is blocked by thick, solid materials such as brick, metal, stone or wood. In this paper, we describe a solution based on the Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) technology to geolocalise vehicles indoors. Through estimation of the behaviour of a LoRaWAN channel and using trilateration, the localisation of a vehicle can be obtained within a 20–30 m range. Indoor geolocation for Intelligent Transporation Systems (ITS) can be used to locate vehicles of any type in underground parkings, keep a platoon of trucks in formation or create geo-fences, that is, sending an alert if an object moves outside a defined area, like a bicycle being stolen. Routing of heavy vehicles within an industrial setting is another possibility. Full article
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20 pages, 449 KiB  
Article
Survey and Perspectives of Vehicular Wi-Fi versus Sidelink Cellular-V2X in the 5G Era
by Alessandro Bazzi, Giammarco Cecchini, Michele Menarini, Barbara M. Masini and Alberto Zanella
Future Internet 2019, 11(6), 122; https://doi.org/10.3390/fi11060122 - 29 May 2019
Cited by 114 | Viewed by 10376
Abstract
The revolution of cooperative connected and automated vehicles is about to begin and a key milestone is the introduction of short range wireless communications between cars. Given the tremendous expected market growth, two different technologies have been standardized by international companies and consortia, [...] Read more.
The revolution of cooperative connected and automated vehicles is about to begin and a key milestone is the introduction of short range wireless communications between cars. Given the tremendous expected market growth, two different technologies have been standardized by international companies and consortia, namely IEEE 802.11p, out for nearly a decade, and short range cellular-vehicle-to-anything (C-V2X), of recent definition. In both cases, evolutions are under discussion. The former is only decentralized and based on a sensing before transmitting access, while the latter is based on orthogonal resources that can be also managed by an infrastructure. Although studies have been conducted to highlight advantages and drawbacks of both, doubts still remain. In this work, with a reference to the literature and the aid of large scale simulations in realistic urban and highway scenarios, we provide an insight in such a comparison, also trying to isolate the contribution of the physical and medium access control layers. Full article
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