Genetic and Molecular Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria

A special issue of Genes (ISSN 2073-4425). This special issue belongs to the section "Microbial Genetics and Genomics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 December 2024 | Viewed by 1142

Special Issue Editor

Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
Interests: antimicrobial resistance; bacterial genome; horizontal gene transfer; resistance mechanism; acquired resistance gene; food-borne pathogens

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Pathogens present an ongoing threat to public health, and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in these organisms exacerbates this issue. Bacteria, such as pathogenic Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Campylobacter coli, etc., continuously evolve novel mechanisms of resistance to survive antibiotic pressure. The acquisition of resistance genes through mobile genetic elements like plasmids and transposons serves as the primary driver behind antimicrobial resistance. Moreover, pathogens can undergo adaptive regulation and gene mutations to counteract antibiotic pressure. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying antimicrobial resistance phenotypes is crucial for identifying potential targets aimed at controlling antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. This Special Issue aims to enhance our comprehension regarding recent advancements in the research on genetic and molecular mechanisms associated with antimicrobial resistance. Specifically welcome are papers focusing on antimicrobial resistance genes; regulatory mechanisms related to these genes; adaptive changes in pathogens in response to antimicrobial pressure; and other relevant topics.

Dr. Biao Tang
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • antimicrobial resistance
  • genome
  • horizontal gene transfer
  • resistance mechanism
  • acquired resistance gene
  • pathogens

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

11 pages, 1312 KiB  
Article
Co-Occurrence of Two Plasmids Encoding Transferable blaNDM-1 and tet(Y) Genes in Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter bereziniae
by Andrés Opazo-Capurro, Kyriaki Xanthopoulou, Rocío Arazo del Pino, Paulina González-Muñoz, Maximiliano Matus-Köhler, Luis Amsteins-Romero, Christian Jerez-Olate, Juan Carlos Hormazábal, Rodrigo Vera, Felipe Aguilera, Sebastián Fuller, Paul G. Higgins and Gerardo González-Rocha
Genes 2024, 15(9), 1213; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15091213 - 17 Sep 2024
Viewed by 929
Abstract
Acinetobacter bereziniae has emerged as a significant human pathogen, acquiring multiple antibiotic resistance genes, including carbapenemases. This study focuses on characterizing the plasmids harboring the blaNDM-1 and tet(Y) genes in two carbapenem-resistant A. bereziniae isolates (UCO-553 and UCO-554) obtained in Chile [...] Read more.
Acinetobacter bereziniae has emerged as a significant human pathogen, acquiring multiple antibiotic resistance genes, including carbapenemases. This study focuses on characterizing the plasmids harboring the blaNDM-1 and tet(Y) genes in two carbapenem-resistant A. bereziniae isolates (UCO-553 and UCO-554) obtained in Chile during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted on UCO-553 and UCO-554. Both isolates underwent whole-genome sequencing to ascertain their sequence type (ST), core genome multilocus sequence-typing (cgMLST) profile, antibiotic resistance genes, plasmids, and mobile genetic elements. Conjugation experiments were performed for both isolates. Results: Both isolates exhibited broad resistance, including resistance to carbapenems, third-generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, tetracycline, cotrimoxazole, and aminoglycosides. Both isolates belong to sequence type STPAS1761, with a difference of 17 out of 2984 alleles. Each isolate carried a 47,274 bp plasmid with blaNDM-1 and aph(3′)-VI genes and two highly similar plasmids: a 35,184 bp plasmid with tet(Y), sul2, aph(6)-Id, and aph(3″)-Ib genes, and a 6078 bp plasmid containing the ant(2″)-Ia gene. Quinolone-resistance mutations were identified in the gyrA and parC genes of both isolates. Importantly, blaNDM-1 was located within a Tn125 transposon, and tet(Y) was embedded in a Tn5393 transposon. Conjugation experiments successfully transferred blaNDM-1 and tet(Y) into the A. baumannii ATCC 19606 strain, indicating the potential for horizontal gene transfer. Conclusions: This study highlights the critical role of plasmids in disseminating resistance genes in A. bereziniae and underscores the need for the continued genomic surveillance of this emerging pathogen. The findings emphasize the importance of monitoring A. bereziniae for its potential to cause difficult-to-treat infections and its capacity to spread resistance determinants against clinically significant antibiotics. Full article
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