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Geosciences
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Dynamics of Hydrological and Geomorphological Processes in Karst Systems
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Dynamics of Hydrological and Geomorphological Processes in Karst Systems

A special issue of Geosciences (ISSN 2076-3263). This special issue belongs to the section "Hydrogeology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (29 February 2024) | Viewed by 8811

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Djamil Al-Halbouni

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Guest Editor
Institute for Earth System Science and Remote Sensing, University of Leipzig, Talstr. 35, Room 0-11, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
Interests: hydrogeophysics; remote sensing; photogrammetry; nat. hazards; numerical modelling; soil; subsidence; karst
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Matej Lipar

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Anton Melik Geographical Institute, Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Interests: karst geomorphology; aeolianite karst; speleology
Dr. Lucía Bermejo Albarrán

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Equipo Primeros Pobladores de Extremadura (EPPEX), Casa de la Cultura Rodríguez Moñino, Cáceres, Spain
Interests: applied geophysics (ERT/GPR) for karst investigation, endokarst and prehistory
Dr. Vahdettin Demir

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil Engineering, KTO Karatay University, Konya, Turkey
Interests: Sinkhole detection with machine learning and remote sensing, hydrologic cycle, hydrologic trend analysis
Dr. Imen Hamdi Nasr

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Carthage University, Tunis, Tunisia
Interests: applied geophysics; structural geology; natural hazards; landslides
Dr. Anselme Muzirafuti

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mathematics, Computer Sciences, Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Messina, Via F. Stagno d’Alcontres, 31–98166 Messina, Italy
Interests: hydrogeophysics for karst investigation; remote sensing; land use/land cover
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue of Geosciences aims to gather high-quality original research articles, reviews, and technical notes on the dynamics of hydrological and geomorphological processes of karst landforms.

In recent decades, growing stress on groundwater systems has led to the increase of natural hazards associated with karst development. The development of dolines (sinkholes), subsidence and landslides, as well as the appearance of springs and flooding are common hazards in karstified areas, which have a huge impact on human society.

Karst aquifers and associated karst landforms are subject to manifold dynamic hydromechanical processes that occur on different spatio-temporal scales. Such processes can be investigated by a variety of geoscientific methods, of which the most widespread are remote sensing, near-surface geophysics, numerical modelling, geological investigation, and hydrogeological measurements. This Special Issue focuses on assembling current research with the above methods applied on present and past karst landform evolution, that have or had an impact on humans. It will help to demonstrate and explore the potential of these methods in order to find answers to a pressing scientific question: The “How” and “When” a natural hazard develops in a karst environment, and what it means for the affected communities.

Therefore, I would like to invite you to submit articles about your recent work, field research, numerical or case studies, with respect to the above and/or the following topics:

  • GIS analysis of karst landforms;
  • Hydro-mechanical simulations of karst;
  • Global karst hazard studies;
  • Laboratory simulations of karst processes;
  • AI techniques to assess karst aquifers;
  • New technologies and methods for karst investigation;

I also encourage you to send me a short abstract outlining the purpose of the research and the principal results obtained, in order to verify at an early stage if the contribution you intend to submit fits with the objectives of the Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Djamil Al-Halbouni
Dr. Matej Lipar
Dr. Lucía Bermejo Albarrán
Dr. Vahdettin Demir
Dr. Imen Hamdi Nasr
Dr. Anselme Muzirafuti
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Geosciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • karst geomorphology
  • hydrogeological processes in karst aquifers
  • natural hazards related to karst development
  • numerical modelling of karst
  • shallow geophysics of karst environments
  • ancient and recent development of karst
  • remote sensing of karst structures
  • machine learning for karst hydrogeology
  • cave collapse

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 49575 KiB  
Article
Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Land Subsidence and Sinkhole Occurrence in the Konya Endorheic Basin, Turkey
by Osman Orhan, Mahmud Haghshenas Haghighi, Vahdettin Demir, Ergin Gökkaya, Francisco Gutiérrez and Djamil Al-Halbouni
Geosciences 2024, 14(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences14010005 - 22 Dec 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2586
Abstract
The endorheic Konya Basin is a vast aggradational plain in Central Anatolia, Türkiye. It occupies a significant portion of Konya Province, covering approximately 50,000 km2. The basin is subjected to intense groundwater withdrawal and extensive agricultural activities with excessive irrigation. These [...] Read more.
The endorheic Konya Basin is a vast aggradational plain in Central Anatolia, Türkiye. It occupies a significant portion of Konya Province, covering approximately 50,000 km2. The basin is subjected to intense groundwater withdrawal and extensive agricultural activities with excessive irrigation. These activities have led to human-induced hazards, such as sinkholes and regional land subsidence. Although sinkhole occurrence mainly occurs in the Karapınar area, land subsidence is primarily observed in the central sector of Konya city, with 2 million inhabitants, as well as in various parts of the basin. This study focuses on determining the extent and rate of land subsidence throughout the basin, understanding sinkhole formation, and unraveling their relationship with anthropogenic activities. For this purpose, Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) analysis of Sentinel-1 data from 2014 to 2022 was conducted to identify and assess land subsidence. We also used the land cover data and groundwater-level information to better understand the spatial and temporal patterns of land subsidence and sinkhole occurrence. Additionally, the land cover data were used to resolve spatial–temporal variations in the cultivated area and urbanization, which are the main factors governing groundwater exploitation in the region. Our study identified widespread subsidence zones with rates as high as 90 mm/y. Groundwater overexploitation to sustain extensive agricultural operations is the main cause of the high rate of land subsidence. Additionally, it was discovered that the number of sinkholes has substantially increased due to anthropogenic influences, currently amounting to as many as 660. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dynamics of Hydrological and Geomorphological Processes in Karst Systems)
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25 pages, 5874 KiB  
Article
Seasonal Dynamics of Gaseous CO2 Concentrations in a Karst Cave Correspond with Aqueous Concentrations in a Stagnant Water Column
by Holger Class, Leon Keim, Larissa Schirmer, Bettina Strauch, Kai Wendel and Martin Zimmer
Geosciences 2023, 13(2), 51; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13020051 - 6 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2095
Abstract
Dissolved CO2 in karst water is the key driving force of karstification. Replenishment of CO2 concentrations in karst water occurs by meteoric water that percolates through the vadose zone, where CO2 produced from microbial activity is dissolved. CO2 can [...] Read more.
Dissolved CO2 in karst water is the key driving force of karstification. Replenishment of CO2 concentrations in karst water occurs by meteoric water that percolates through the vadose zone, where CO2 produced from microbial activity is dissolved. CO2 can thus be transported with the percolating water or in the gas phase due to ventilation in karst systems. We measured seasonally fluctuating CO2 concentrations in the air of a karst cave and their influence on aqueous CO2 concentrations in different depths of a stagnant water column. The observed data were compared to numerical simulations. The data give evidence that density-driven enhanced dissolution of gaseous CO2 at the karst water table is the driving force for a fast increase of aqueous CO2 during periods of high gaseous concentrations in the cave, whereas during periods of lower gaseous concentrations, the decline of aqueous CO2 is limited to shallow water depths in the order of 1 m. This is significant because density-driven CO2 dissolution has not been previously considered relevant for karst hydrology in the literature. Attempts at reproducing the measured aqueous CO2 concentrations with numerical modeling revealed challenges related to computational demands, discretization, and the high sensitivity of the processes to tiny density gradients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dynamics of Hydrological and Geomorphological Processes in Karst Systems)
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22 pages, 19331 KiB  
Article
Impact of Dead Sea Halo-Karst Development on an Earthen Dike Rehabilitation Project
by Damien Closson, Akshay Patil, Mohamed Musthafa, Megan Gallagher and Nitin Das
Geosciences 2023, 13(2), 42; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13020042 - 30 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2353
Abstract
From the 1970s, the Dead Sea experienced severe halo-karstification and anthropogenic modifications. Progressively, but at an accelerating rate, subsidence, landslides, and sinkholes have increased in number and magnitude. The hazards’ triggering factors are the terminal lake level lowering at more than one meter [...] Read more.
From the 1970s, the Dead Sea experienced severe halo-karstification and anthropogenic modifications. Progressively, but at an accelerating rate, subsidence, landslides, and sinkholes have increased in number and magnitude. The hazards’ triggering factors are the terminal lake level lowering at more than one meter per year and the dynamic equilibrium of the hydrogeological system. Over the Lisan peninsula, archived satellite images revealed the extent of the damaged areas. On 22 March 2000, the destruction of dike 19 represented a loss of 38 M USD. This is the most important event recorded since the beginning of the Dead Sea recession some 50 years ago. In 2018, a rehabilitation project of that dike started. This research analyses the viability of the reinstatement works. The advanced space borne radar interferometry technique is applied to map ground deformations before and during the project. This article reveals that the ongoing rehabilitation and reinstatement works of dike 19 are threatened by ongoing halo-karstification processes. Field observations and subsidence/uplift dynamics support this statement. The past experiences are taken into consideration to adapt industrial expansion strategies. However, the permeability of the salt pan floor could trigger a fast development of a karst system able to destroy the rehabilitated dike 19. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dynamics of Hydrological and Geomorphological Processes in Karst Systems)
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