Healthcare

Research

10 pages, 404 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Relationship between Masticatory Function and Bone Mineral Density in Community-Dwelling Elderly: A Cross-Sectional Study

by Kumi Ikebuchi, Yuhei Matsuda, Mayu Takeda, Miwako Takeda, Takafumi Abe, Kazumichi Tominaga, Shozo Yano, Minoru Isomura, Toru Nabika and Takahiro Kanno

Healthcare 2021, 9(7), 845; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9070845 - 5 Jul 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2332

Abstract

The relationship between masticatory function and bone mineral density (BMD) is unclear. This cross-sectional study examined this relationship after adjusting for confounding factors. The subjects were 702 community-dwelling elderly adults (306 men, 396 women) who had been recruited for the Community-Based Healthcare Research [...] Read more.

The relationship between masticatory function and bone mineral density (BMD) is unclear. This cross-sectional study examined this relationship after adjusting for confounding factors. The subjects were 702 community-dwelling elderly adults (306 men, 396 women) who had been recruited for the Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education study in 2019. Objective masticatory function was assessed using the gummy jelly method. The median for each descriptive statistic was 69.0 years for age, 86.2% for the young adult mean, and 18.0 for masticatory function. Comparisons of the groups with good and poor masticatory function by sex revealed a significant difference in muscle mass and the tooth number for both sexes (p < 0.05). Men showed significant differences in age (p < 0.05) and salivary occult blood findings (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis using propensity scores showed a significant association between masticatory function and BMD in both sexes (men: odds ratio 163.0, 95% confidence interval 1.36–19,610.55, p = 0.04; women: odds ratio 48.65, 95% confidence interval 1.52–1561.15, p = 0.03 in women). Masticatory function and BMD in the community-dwelling elderly may be related. However, other factors, including frailty and sarcopenia, may also be involved. Regular oral health care by dentists and dental hygienists may benefit this population. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Solutions for Oral Healthcare)

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10 pages, 988 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigation on the Effect of Oral Breathing on Cognitive Activity Using Functional Brain Imaging

by Ju-Yeon Jung and Chang-Ki Kang

Healthcare 2021, 9(6), 645; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9060645 - 29 May 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 6759

Abstract

Oral breathing directly affects behavioral performance and dental health. Various relationships between oral breathing and periodontal disease have been well-described. However, the effect of oral breathing on cognitive performance remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of oral breathing on cognitive [...] Read more.

Oral breathing directly affects behavioral performance and dental health. Various relationships between oral breathing and periodontal disease have been well-described. However, the effect of oral breathing on cognitive performance remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of oral breathing on cognitive function using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Twenty-two healthy participants (mean age, 22.27 ± 1.42 years) performed a two-back (2B) working memory fMRI task using a 3T MRI scanner while breathing through their oral or nasal passage. Functional activity analysis was performed using a statistical parametric mapping software package. One-sample group analyses were performed in 2B > Rest contrast. Functional connectivity analysis was conducted using MATLAB-based imaging software. Mixed ANOVA analysis was performed. The results showed more brain activation and connection during nasal breathing than during oral breathing. For Nasal > Oral contrast, various functional connections are known to have a significant relationship with working memory, including the left cerebellum, left and right inferior parietal gyrus. This can be significant evidence to demonstrate that oral breathing is an inappropriate method for intellectual activity using brain imaging techniques. Therefore, this study suggests that changing various habits related to oral breathing is important for cognitive function. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Solutions for Oral Healthcare)

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11 pages, 1453 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Feasibility of a Portable Electronic Nose for Detection of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Sudan

by Nazar Mohamed, Rens van de Goor, Mariam El-Sheikh, Osman Elrayah, Tarig Osman, Elisabeth Sivy Nginamau, Anne Christine Johannessen, Ahmed Suleiman, Daniela Elena Costea and Kenneth W. Kross

Healthcare 2021, 9(5), 534; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9050534 - 3 May 2021

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 4193

Abstract

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is increasing at an alarming rate particularly in low-income countries. This urges for research into noninvasive, user-friendly diagnostic tools that can be used in limited-resource settings. This study aims to test and validate the feasibility of e-nose [...] Read more.

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is increasing at an alarming rate particularly in low-income countries. This urges for research into noninvasive, user-friendly diagnostic tools that can be used in limited-resource settings. This study aims to test and validate the feasibility of e-nose technology for detecting OSCC in the limited-resource settings of the Sudanese population. Methods: Two e-nose devices (Aeonose™, eNose Company, Zutphen, The Netherlands) were used to collect breath samples from OSCC (n = 49) and control (n = 35) patients. Patients were divided into a training group for building an artificial neural network (ANN) model and a blinded control group for model validation. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software was used for the analysis of baseline characteristics and regression. Aethena proprietary software was used for data analysis using artificial neural networks based on patterns of volatile organic compounds. Results: A diagnostic accuracy of 81% was observed, with 88% sensitivity and 71% specificity. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that e-nose is an efficient tool for OSCC detection in limited-resource settings, where it offers a valuable cost-effective strategy to tackle the burden posed by OSCC. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Solutions for Oral Healthcare)

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9 pages, 2578 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Three-Dimensional Reproducibility of the Soft Tissue Landmarks Taken by Structured-Light Facial Scanner in Accordance with the Head Position Change

by Seung-Hoon Oh, Jung-Soo Park, Jae-Jun Ryu, In-Seok Song and Seok-Ki Jung

Healthcare 2021, 9(4), 428; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9040428 - 7 Apr 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2124

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the three-dimensional reproducibility of the structured-light facial scanner according to the head position change. A mannequin head was used and angle of the mannequin’s axis-orbital plane to the true horizontal plane was adjusted to +10, [...] Read more.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the three-dimensional reproducibility of the structured-light facial scanner according to the head position change. A mannequin head was used and angle of the mannequin’s axis-orbital plane to the true horizontal plane was adjusted to +10, +5, 0, −5, and −10°. Facial scanning was conducted 30 times, respectively, and 150 3D images were obtained. Reoriented landmarks of each group were compared and analyzed. Reproducibility decreased as the distance from the facial center increased. Additionally, the landmarks below showed lower reproducibility and higher dispersion than landmarks above. These differences occurred mainly in the anteroposterior direction as opposed to other directions. Positive inclination of the head position showed superior reproducibility compared to a negative inclination. This study showed that reproducibility of a structured-light scanner could be varied depending on the head position. Inaccuracies of landmarks in the anteroposterior direction are greater than in other directions. This means that evaluations of the profile using a structured-light scanner should be made carefully. Therefore, the proper head position should be set to ensure the accuracy of the image. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Solutions for Oral Healthcare)

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16 pages, 3111 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Environmental Cadmium Exposure and Dental Indices in Orthodontic Patients

by Hui-Ling Chen, Jason Chen-Chieh Fang, Chia-Jung Chang, Ti-Feng Wu, I-Kuan Wang, Jen-Fen Fu, Ya-Ching Huang, Ju-Shao Yen, Cheng-Hao Weng and Tzung-Hai Yen

Healthcare 2021, 9(4), 413; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9040413 - 2 Apr 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2670

Abstract

Background. Previous studies have shown that environmental cadmium exposure could disrupt salivary gland function and is associated with dental caries and reduced bone density. Therefore, this cross-sectional study attempted to determine whether tooth decay with tooth loss following cadmium exposure is associated with [...] Read more.

Background. Previous studies have shown that environmental cadmium exposure could disrupt salivary gland function and is associated with dental caries and reduced bone density. Therefore, this cross-sectional study attempted to determine whether tooth decay with tooth loss following cadmium exposure is associated with some dental or skeletal traits such as malocclusions, sagittal skeletal pattern, and tooth decay. Methods. Between August 2019 and June 2020, 60 orthodontic patients with no history of previous orthodontics, functional appliances, or surgical treatment were examined. The patients were stratified into two groups according to their urine cadmium concentrations: high (>1.06 µg/g creatinine, n = 28) or low (<1.06 µg/g creatinine, n = 32). Results. The patients were 25.07 ± 4.33 years old, and most were female (female/male: 51/9 or 85%). The skeletal relationship was mainly Class I (48.3%), followed by Class II (35.0%) and Class III (16.7%). Class I molar relationships were found in 46.7% of these patients, Class II molar relationships were found in 15%, and Class III molar relationships were found in 38.3%. The mean decayed, missing, and filled surface (DMFS) score was 8.05 ± 5.54, including 2.03 ± 3.11 for the decayed index, 0.58 ± 1.17 for the missing index, and 5.52 ± 3.92 for the filled index. The mean index of complexity outcome and need (ICON) score was 53.35 ± 9.01. The facial patterns of these patients were within the average low margin (26.65 ± 5.53 for Frankfort–mandibular plane angle (FMA)). There were no significant differences in the above-mentioned dental indices between patients with high urine cadmium concentrations and those with low urine cadmium concentrations. Patients were further stratified into low (<27, n = 34), average (27–34, n = 23), and high (>34, n = 3) FMA groups. There were no statistically significant differences in the urine cadmium concentration among the three groups. Nevertheless, a marginally significant p-value of 0.05 for urine cadmium concentration was noted between patients with low FMA and patients with high FMA. Conclusion. This analysis found no association between environmental cadmium exposure and dental indices in our orthodontic patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Solutions for Oral Healthcare)

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7 pages, 698 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Diagnostic Accuracy of Oral Cancer and Suspicious Malignant Mucosal Changes among Future Dentists

by Kamis Gaballah, Asmaa Faden, Fatima Jassem Fakih, Anfal Yousuf Alsaadi, Nadeen Faiz Noshi and Omar Kujan

Healthcare 2021, 9(3), 263; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9030263 - 2 Mar 2021

Cited by 25 | Viewed by 2865

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the ability of dental students and recent graduates to detect and recognize mucosal changes that are suggestive of oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders. In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire was administered to dental students and recent graduates [...] Read more.

This study aimed to assess the ability of dental students and recent graduates to detect and recognize mucosal changes that are suggestive of oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders. In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire was administered to dental students and recent graduates of Ajman University (n = 132). Completed questionnaires were received from 84 (63.6%) females and 48 (36.4%) males which included fifth-year students (n = 80), interns (n = 39), and dental practitioners (n = 13). This questionnaire was designed to assess the respondent’s ability to detect and recognize different types of oral lesions, as well as their knowledge of oral cancer appearance and malignancy potential. The overall accuracy of diagnosis was 46%. The participants correctly identified normal variations, benign tumors, malignant tumors, and premalignant lesions at rates of 60.3%, 31.0%, 55.7%, and 33.4%, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two genders in their ability to recognize and detect correct answers (females, 48.3%; males, 47.2%). According to education level, interns provided the highest percentage of correct answers (52.5%), followed by newly dental practitioners (51.9%) and fifth-year students (44.1%). Conclusion: The respondents of this survey did not exhibit a satisfactory diagnostic capability in recognizing mucosal changes consistent with the clinical presentation of oral cancer. Thus, a need exists for improved and updated educational methods for undergraduate students regarding oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders. Meanwhile, practitioners should look for oral abnormalities to provide better diagnosis and management. Practitioners should also stay up to date on the oral malignancy topic by attending workshops and clinicopathological conferences. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Solutions for Oral Healthcare)

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10 pages, 1737 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Efficacy of Arabic Coffee and Black Tea in Reducing Halitosis: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled, Crossover Clinical Trial

by Hamad Alzoman, Ahmed Alzahrani, Khaled Alwehaiby, Waleed Alanazi and Mohammed AlSarhan

Healthcare 2021, 9(3), 250; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9030250 - 1 Mar 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2900

Abstract

The aim of the study was to objectively evaluate the short-term effect of Arabic coffee and black tea on oral halitosis. This study was a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial on 17 healthy individuals. During the initial visit, pre-treatment breath samples [...] Read more.

The aim of the study was to objectively evaluate the short-term effect of Arabic coffee and black tea on oral halitosis. This study was a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial on 17 healthy individuals. During the initial visit, pre-treatment breath samples were collected from each subject and analyzed using portable gas chromatography (OralChroma™). Four interventions were evaluated, with Arabic coffee and black tea as the test intervention tools, mouthwash containing a solution (0.05% chlorhexidine, 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride, and 0.14% zinc lactate (CHX-CPC-Zn)) as a positive control, and drinking water as a negative control. Halitosis was induced by rinsing with 10 mL solution of L-cysteine for 30 s. Twenty minutes later, a breath sample was taken to record the baseline volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) levels (T0). Then, the participants were asked to rinse with 10 mL of a randomly-assigned solution for 30 s. Sixty minutes later, another breath sample was recorded (T1). Finally, after 120 min, the final breath sample was recorded (T2). It was found that rinsing with Arabic coffee decreased the level of H₂S both in the first hour (T1) and the second hour (T2). The reduction was significantly greater at T1 (p = 0.017). There was a similar result after the volunteers rinsed with black tea. At T2, Arabic coffee showed a substantially greater reduction in H₂S (p < 0.001). On the contrary, using CHX-CPC-Zn showed a significant and continuous decrease in H₂S values in the breath throughout the experiment (p < 0.001). Water showed no significant impact on the level of VSC (p = 0.71). This study demonstrates that black tea and Arabic coffee had inhibitory effects on halitosis that was greater in the first hour and was not sustained over a long period. Additionally, Arabic coffee had a greater inhibitory effect on halitosis than black tea. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Solutions for Oral Healthcare)

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11 pages, 994 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Attitude, Barriers/Facilitators, and Visual Differentiation on Oral Mucosa Pressure Ulcer Prevention Performance Intention

by Min Kyeong Kang and Myoung Soo Kim

Healthcare 2021, 9(1), 76; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9010076 - 14 Jan 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2675

Abstract

Oral mucosa pressure ulcers (PUs) can result in frequent pain and discomfort, and have negative effects on quality of life. We aimed to examine attitude, barriers/facilitators of oral mucosa PU prevention, the ability to differentiate oral mucosa PU, and to identify factors influencing [...] Read more.

Oral mucosa pressure ulcers (PUs) can result in frequent pain and discomfort, and have negative effects on quality of life. We aimed to examine attitude, barriers/facilitators of oral mucosa PU prevention, the ability to differentiate oral mucosa PU, and to identify factors influencing PU prevention performance intention. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study of 112 nurses in seven tertiary hospitals and three secondary hospitals. The data collection period was from August to December 2018. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple regression were used. The mean score of attitudes toward oral mucosa PU prevention was 3.74 ± 0.39. Barriers to oral mucosa PU prevention were 5.65 ± 1.66, and facilitators were 5.35 ± 1.34. The mean correct answer rate of visual differentiation ability was 13%. The factors affecting intention to perform oral mucosa PU prevention were facilitators of oral mucosa PU prevention (β = 0.32, p = 0.001) and attitude (β = 0.26, p = 0.005). To increase intention to perform oral mucosa PU prevention, positive attitudes and enhanced facilitators should be encouraged. Therefore, standardized guidelines and strategies, such as educational opportunities and allocation of resources and personnel focused on oral mucosa PU prevention, need to be provided. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Solutions for Oral Healthcare)

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8 pages, 1312 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Structure and Validity of Questionnaire for Oral Frail Screening

by Yoshiaki Nomura, Yoshimasa Ishii, Yota Chiba, Shunsuke Suzuki, Akira Suzuki, Senichi Suzuki, Kenji Morita, Joji Tanabe, Koji Yamakawa, Yasuo Ishiwata, Meu Ishikawa, Kaoru Sogabe, Erika Kakuta, Ayako Okada, Ryoko Otsuka and Nobuhiro Hanada

Healthcare 2021, 9(1), 45; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9010045 - 5 Jan 2021

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3251

Abstract

Oral frailty is defined as the mild decline in oral function and located at the early and reversible stage of frailty. Therefore, early detection and early treatment of oral frailty is very useful. Simple and easy questionnaires, such as an oral frailty checklist, [...] Read more.

Oral frailty is defined as the mild decline in oral function and located at the early and reversible stage of frailty. Therefore, early detection and early treatment of oral frailty is very useful. Simple and easy questionnaires, such as an oral frailty checklist, have been widely used for the screening and enlightenment of oral frailty of the Japanese people. We evaluate the structure and validity of the oral frailty checklist. The questionnaire of oral frailty was distributed for the citizens more than 50 years old from December 2018 to January 2019. The structural validity of the questionnaire is analyzed by structural equation modeling (SEM). The characteristics of the items are analyzed by Item Response Theory (IRT). The data of 725 subjects (360 men, 359 women, 6 no answer, mean age 71.3 ± 9.05) are analyzed. The questionnaire consisted of three latent variables. Items of “Brushing teeth at least twice a day”, “Regular attendance of dental clinic”, and “Using denture”, had low discrimination ability. The questionnaire used in this study is a useful tool for the screening of oral frailty. However, its scoring system needs to be improved. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Solutions for Oral Healthcare)

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11 pages, 4033 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Orthodontic Treatment and Healthcare Goals: Evaluation of Multibrackets Treatment Results Using PAR Index (Peer Assessment Rating)

by Maria Francesca Sfondrini, Paolo Zampetti, Giulia Luscher, Paola Gandini, José Luís Gandía-Franco and Andrea Scribante

Healthcare 2020, 8(4), 473; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8040473 - 10 Nov 2020

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3974

Abstract

Background: The evaluation of orthodontic treatment outcomes using an objective method is important in order to maintain high treatment quality and final healthcare of patients. It allows professionals and university students to raise the level of the therapy. The aim of this study [...] Read more.

Background: The evaluation of orthodontic treatment outcomes using an objective method is important in order to maintain high treatment quality and final healthcare of patients. It allows professionals and university students to raise the level of the therapy. The aim of this study was to assess the orthodontic treatment outcomes in an Italian postgraduate School of Orthodontics using Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) Index. Methods: A sample of 50 patients treated in a postgraduate program was randomly selected. PAR index was used to assess pre-treatment and post-treatment study casts by two different examiners. The influence of different variables such as gender, treatment method, and need for extraction was statistically analyzed. Results: The average numerical reduction of PAR between the beginning and the end of the treatment was 18.74 (CI 95% 16.53–20.95), while the percentage reduction was 94.8% (CI 95% 91.91–97.68). All cases improved: 8% of patients resulted in the improved category, while 92% of them were in the greatly improved group. Conclusions: According to PAR index, the results showed that patients received a high-standard therapy. None of the factors studied influenced significantly the treatment outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Solutions for Oral Healthcare)

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Review

Jump to: Research, Other

12 pages, 1842 KiB

Open AccessReview

Clinical Comparation of Extra-Short (4 mm) and Long (>8 mm) Dental Implants Placed in Mandibular Bone: A Systematic Review and Metanalysis

by Vittorio Moraschini, Carlos Fernando de Almeida Barros Mourão, Pietro Montemezzi, Ingrid Chaves Cavalcante Kischinhevsky, Daniel Costa Ferreira de Almeida, Kayvon Javid, Jamil Awad Shibli, José Mauro Granjeiro and Monica Diuana Calasans-Maia

Healthcare 2021, 9(3), 315; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9030315 - 12 Mar 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3139

Abstract

This systematic review (SR) aimed to evaluate implant survival rate, marginal bone loss (MBL), and biological/prosthetic complications of extra-short 4 mm dental implants. An electronic search without language or date restrictions was performed in five databases and in gray literature for articles published [...] Read more.

This systematic review (SR) aimed to evaluate implant survival rate, marginal bone loss (MBL), and biological/prosthetic complications of extra-short 4 mm dental implants. An electronic search without language or date restrictions was performed in five databases and in gray literature for articles published until August 2020. Prospective cohort studies and randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that evaluated the clinical performance of extra-short 4 mm dental implants were included. Studies were independently assessed for risk of bias using the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool. The protocol of this SR was registered in the PROSPERO database under number CRD42019139709. Four studies were included in the present SR. There was no significant difference in implant survival rate (p = 0.75) between extra-short 4 mm and long implants. After 12 months of function, the extra-short implants had a significantly (p = 0.003) lower marginal bone loss (MBL) rate when compared to long implants. Extra-short implants had a lower number of biological and prosthetic complications when compared to long implants. After 12 months of follow-up, extra-short 4 mm dental implants placed in the mandible exhibit satisfactory clinical outcomes concerning implant survival rate and MBL when compared to longer implants, with a low number of biological and prosthetic complications. A higher number of RCTs with longer follow-up is necessary for the future. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Solutions for Oral Healthcare)

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15 pages, 15315 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Modern and Digital Transformation of Oral Health Care: A Mini Review

by Muhammad Syafiq Alauddin, Ahmad Syukran Baharuddin and Mohd Ifwat Mohd Ghazali

Healthcare 2021, 9(2), 118; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9020118 - 25 Jan 2021

Cited by 67 | Viewed by 10812

Abstract

Dentistry is a part of the field of medicine which is advocated in this digital revolution. The increasing trend in dentistry digitalization has led to the advancement in computer-derived data processing and manufacturing. This progress has been exponentially supported by the Internet of [...] Read more.

Dentistry is a part of the field of medicine which is advocated in this digital revolution. The increasing trend in dentistry digitalization has led to the advancement in computer-derived data processing and manufacturing. This progress has been exponentially supported by the Internet of medical things (IoMT), big data and analytical algorithm, internet and communication technologies (ICT) including digital social media, augmented and virtual reality (AR and VR), and artificial intelligence (AI). The interplay between these sophisticated digital aspects has dramatically changed the healthcare and biomedical sectors, especially for dentistry. This myriad of applications of technologies will not only be able to streamline oral health care, facilitate workflow, increase oral health at a fraction of the current conventional cost, relieve dentist and dental auxiliary staff from routine and laborious tasks, but also ignite participatory in personalized oral health care. This narrative article review highlights recent dentistry digitalization encompassing technological advancement, limitations, challenges, and conceptual theoretical modern approaches in oral health prevention and care, particularly in ensuring the quality, efficiency, and strategic dental care in the modern era of dentistry. Full article

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18 pages, 472 KiB

Open AccessReview

Patients Taking Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOAC) Undergoing Oral Surgery: A Review of the Literature and a Proposal of a Peri-Operative Management Protocol

by Saturnino Marco Lupi and Arianna Rodriguez y Baena

Healthcare 2020, 8(3), 281; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8030281 - 20 Aug 2020

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4826

Abstract

Patients on anticoagulant therapy for the prevention of cardiovascular accidents present an increased risk of bleeding following dental and oral surgery. Four recently introduced non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants, namely dabigatran etexilate (direct thrombin inhibitor), rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban (Xa factor direct inhibitor), [...] Read more.

Patients on anticoagulant therapy for the prevention of cardiovascular accidents present an increased risk of bleeding following dental and oral surgery. Four recently introduced non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants, namely dabigatran etexilate (direct thrombin inhibitor), rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban (Xa factor direct inhibitor), are widely spreading for convenience of use compared to the older drug class. Dental management of patients taking these drugs has substantial differences compared to patients on vitamin K antagonist therapy. Anticoagulation is not assessed directly through a hematological test, but indirectly by renal function. The interventions must be scheduled at the time of minimum blood concentration of the drug. Bleeding can occur even after several days following the surgery. The interaction with drugs administered for dental care must be carefully evaluated. The peri-operative diet can influence the risk of bleeding. Local measures favoring coagulation must be adopted. The interventions with higher risk must be divided into multiple less invasive interventions. Although antidotes exist for these drugs, their use does not seem necessary for dental interventions that have been planned optimally. Furthermore, in this review of the literature a decision protocol is proposed for the evaluation of the suspension of the anticoagulant drug before oral surgery. Cessation of any anticoagulant should only be made in consultation with the patient’s general practitioner/cardiologist, who will weigh up the risk of bleeding from the proposed procedure with the risk of thrombosis/stroke in each individual patient. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Solutions for Oral Healthcare)

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Other

Jump to: Research, Review

10 pages, 3202 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Psychological Distress among Undergraduate Dental Students in Saudi Arabia and Its Coping Strategies—A Systematic Review

by Sanjeev B. Khanagar, Ali Al-Ehaideb, Ahmed Jamleh, Khansa Ababneh, Prabhadevi C. Maganur, Satish Vishwanathaiah, Mohammed Adel Awawdeh, Sachin Naik, Abdulaziz A. Al-Kheraif, Shilpa Bhandi, Alessio Zanza, Luca Testarelli and Shankargouda Patil

Healthcare 2021, 9(4), 429; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9040429 - 7 Apr 2021

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3866

Abstract

The objective of this paper was to evaluate the studies that have reported on psychological issues among dental students in Saudi Arabia and to develop coping strategies to overcome these mental health-related issues. The present systematic review is in accordance with the guidelines [...] Read more.

The objective of this paper was to evaluate the studies that have reported on psychological issues among dental students in Saudi Arabia and to develop coping strategies to overcome these mental health-related issues. The present systematic review is in accordance with the guidelines for Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The search for the articles was carried out in the electronic databases by four independent researchers. The data search was performed in the electronic search engines like PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, Medline, Embase, Cochrane and Saudi Digital Library for scientific research articles published from January 2000 until December 2020. STROBE guidelines were adopted for qualitative analysis of six articles which met the eligibility criteria. The analysis of the literature revealed that most of the studies included were conducted in the past 8 years in different regions of Saudi Arabia. Findings of this systematic review clearly state that dental students in Saudi Arabia experience higher levels of depression, stress and anxiety and stress during their education period, with a higher stress for female students compared to male students. There is an urgent need to introduce interventional programs and preventive strategies to overcome the long-term effects. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Solutions for Oral Healthcare)

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9 pages, 1897 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Natal and Neonatal Teeth: A Case Report and Mecanistical Perspective

by Emil Anton, Bogdan Doroftei, Delia Grab, Norina Forna, Mihoko Tomida, Ovidiu Sebastian Nicolaiciuc, Gabriela Simionescu, Eugen Ancuta, Natalia Plopa, Radu Maftei, Ciprian Ilea and Carmen Anton

Healthcare 2020, 8(4), 539; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8040539 - 4 Dec 2020

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 10290

Abstract

The presence of teeth on babies earlier than four months is a rare condition. Therefore, adequate treatment for each case should be instituted as soon as possible, considering that certain complications may arise. This report describes a rare case in which a newborn [...] Read more.

The presence of teeth on babies earlier than four months is a rare condition. Therefore, adequate treatment for each case should be instituted as soon as possible, considering that certain complications may arise. This report describes a rare case in which a newborn baby required the extraction of two mobile mandibular natal teeth to prevent the risk of aspiration. After two years, the clinical re-evaluation showed a residual tooth instead of a temporary one. This case report shows that adequate diagnosis should include a radiographic examination to determine whether these teeth are components of normal or supernumerary dentition, as well as further investigations on the relationship with the adjacent teeth. Another important aspect highlighted in this case report is the need for a post-extraction curettage of the socket in order to reduce the risk of ongoing development of the dental papilla cells. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Solutions for Oral Healthcare)

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8 pages, 1426 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

A Single Case Report of Granular Cell Tumor of the Tongue Successfully Treated through 445 nm Diode Laser

by Maria Vittoria Viani, Luigi Corcione, Chiara Di Blasio, Ronell Bologna-Molina, Paolo Vescovi and Marco Meleti

Healthcare 2020, 8(3), 267; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8030267 - 13 Aug 2020

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 6558

Abstract

Oral granular cell tumor (GCT) is a relatively rare, benign lesion that can easily be misdiagnosed. Particularly, the presence of pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia might, in some cases, lead to the hypothesis of squamous cell carcinoma. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice. Recurrence has [...] Read more.

Oral granular cell tumor (GCT) is a relatively rare, benign lesion that can easily be misdiagnosed. Particularly, the presence of pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia might, in some cases, lead to the hypothesis of squamous cell carcinoma. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice. Recurrence has been reported in up to 15% of cases treated with conventional surgery. Here, we reported a case of GCT of the tongue in a young female patient, which was successfully treated through 445 nm diode laser excision. Laser surgery might reduce bleeding and postoperative pain and may be associated with more rapid healing. Particularly, the vaporization effect on remnant tissues could eliminate GCT cells on the surgical bed, thus hypothetically leading to a lower rate of recurrence. In the present case, complete healing occurred in 1 week, and no recurrence was observed after 6 months. Laser surgery also allows the possibility to obtain second intention healing. Possible laser-induced histopathological artifacts should be carefully considered. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Solutions for Oral Healthcare)

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