Emerging Topics in Epitranscriptomics (RNA Modifications)

A special issue of High-Throughput (ISSN 2571-5135).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2020) | Viewed by 4490

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Center for RNA Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, DK-2450 Copenhagen, Denmark
Interests: bioinformatics; cardiovascular system; circRNA; database; epitranscriptomics; lncRNA; miRNA; non-coding RNA

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Despite our early understanding of RNA as an enabling messenger, it is not simply a static reflection of genetic activation. Upon transcription from the DNA template, RNA can be modified by various enzymes, which results in over 140 different types of RNA modifications across various organisms. These RNA modifications include N1-methyladenosine (m1A), 5-methylcytosine (m5C), N6-methyladenosine (m6A), pseudouridine (Ψ), and RNA editing. These chemical modifications of RNA influence cellular activities, such as conformational/structural changes of RNAs, nuclear–cytoplasmic shuttling, RNA stability, splicing, and translation efficiencies.

Owing greatly to high-throughput techniques (e.g., microarrays, next generation sequencing, mass spectrometry), the field of epitranscriptomics (the study of RNA modifications) has flourished in recent years. Because of their functional importance, dysregulations in RNA modifications have been linked to various diseases (e.g., cancer, cardiovascular disease, neuromuscular disease). To further understand this exciting area of study, in this Special Issue, we invite manuscripts regarding methods for detecting epitranscriptomic marks, analyzing epitranscriptomic data, screening assays for understanding the importance of RNA modifications in cellular activities, and how such dysregulations are linked to various diseases.

Dr. Shizuka Uchida
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • bioinformatics
  • expression profiling
  • epitranscriptomics
  • gene regulation
  • next generation sequencing
  • RNA-seq
  • RNA modifications

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

12 pages, 1185 KiB  
Article
Investigation of RNA Editing Sites within Bound Regions of RNA-Binding Proteins
by Tyler Weirick, Giuseppe Militello, Mohammed Rabiul Hosen, David John, Joseph B. Moore IV and Shizuka Uchida
High-Throughput 2019, 8(4), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/ht8040019 - 29 Nov 2019
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3813
Abstract
Studies in epitranscriptomics indicate that RNA is modified by a variety of enzymes. Among these RNA modifications, adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing occurs frequently in the mammalian transcriptome. These RNA editing sites can be detected directly from RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data by [...] Read more.
Studies in epitranscriptomics indicate that RNA is modified by a variety of enzymes. Among these RNA modifications, adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing occurs frequently in the mammalian transcriptome. These RNA editing sites can be detected directly from RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data by examining nucleotide changes from adenosine (A) to guanine (G), which substitutes for inosine (I). However, a careful investigation of such nucleotide changes must be conducted to distinguish sequencing errors and genomic mutations from the genuine editing sites. Building upon our recent introduction of an easy-to-use bioinformatics tool, RNA Editor, to detect RNA editing events from RNA-seq data, we examined the extent by which RNA editing events affect the binding of RNA-binding proteins (RBP). Through employing bioinformatic techniques, we uncovered that RNA editing sites occur frequently in RBP-bound regions. Moreover, the presence of RNA editing sites are more frequent when RNA editing islands were examined, which are regions in which RNA editing sites are present in clusters. When the binding of one RBP, human antigen R [HuR; encoded by ELAV-like protein 1 (ELAV1)], was quantified experimentally, its binding was reduced upon silencing of the RNA editing enzyme adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR) compared to the control—suggesting that the presence of RNA editing islands influence HuR binding to its target regions. These data indicate RNA editing as an important mediator of RBP–RNA interactions—a mechanism which likely constitutes an additional mode of post-transcription gene regulation in biological systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Topics in Epitranscriptomics (RNA Modifications))
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