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Horticulturae
Special Issues
Rootstocks: History, Physiology, Management and Breeding
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Rootstocks: History, Physiology, Management and Breeding

A special issue of Horticulturae (ISSN 2311-7524). This special issue belongs to the section "Propagation and Seeds".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 December 2021) | Viewed by 11758

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Mary-Rus Martínez Cuenca

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Valencian Institute of Agrarian Research (IVIA), 46113 Valencia, Spain
Interests: physiology; abiotic stress; citrus; kiwi; iron chlorosis; mineral nutrition; tolerance
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. María Ángeles Forner-Giner

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Valencian Institute of Agrarian Research (IVIA), 46113 Valencia, Spain
Interests: citrus; rootstock; breeding; abiotic stress; salinity; flooding
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The journal Horticulturae will be jointly publishing a Special Issue on plant rootstocks. Adverse environmental conditions, abiotic and biotic stresses, cause major losses in plant growth and crop yield and, consequently, threaten global food security. The impact is especially relevant in modern agriculture based on a limited number of rootstocks, so the appearance of a threat may compromise global food security. This is the case of the long-known citrus tristeza virus (CTV) or the recent expansion of HLB in citrus orchards. The search for new rootstocks which guarantee crop performance and maintain physicochemical quality is a major aim of the crop industry in many countries. New diseases, the spread of known ones, and plant culture under different environmental conditions force the demand for new rootstocks, which represents a crucial aim for breeding programmes in several countries.

This Issue attempts to provide an overview of the most recent studies on physiology, plant development, and management techniques achieved from rootstock breeding programmes. An in depth understanding of these aspects should shed light on the mechanisms for improving crops to overcome severe harmful conditions.

Dr. Mary-Rus Martínez Cuenca
Dr. María Ángeles Forner-Giner
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Horticulturae is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • abiotic stress
  • biotic stress
  • plant response
  • adaptation
  • hybrids
  • physiology
  • breeding programmes
  • management techniques
  • yield

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 3199 KiB  
Article
Screening of ‘King’ Mandarin Hybrids as Tolerant Citrus Rootstocks to Flooding Stress
by Mary-Rus Martínez-Cuenca, Amparo Primo-Capella and María Ángeles Forner-Giner
Horticulturae 2021, 7(10), 388; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7100388 - 11 Oct 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2513
Abstract
This work compares the tolerance to long-term anoxia conditions (35 days) of five new citrus ‘King’ mandarin (Citrus nobilis L. Lour) × Poncirus trifoliata ((L.) Raf.) hybrids (named 0501XX) and Carrizo citrange (CC, Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb. × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.), [...] Read more.
This work compares the tolerance to long-term anoxia conditions (35 days) of five new citrus ‘King’ mandarin (Citrus nobilis L. Lour) × Poncirus trifoliata ((L.) Raf.) hybrids (named 0501XX) and Carrizo citrange (CC, Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb. × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.), the widely used citrus rootstock in Spain. Growth parameters, chlorophyll concentration, gas exchange and fluorescence parameters, water relations in leaves, abscisic acid (ABA) concentration, and PIP1 and PIP2 gene expressions were assessed. With a waterlogging treatment, the root system biomass of most hybrids went down, and the chlorophyll a and b concentrations substantially dropped. The net CO2 assimilation rates (An) and stomatal conductance (gs) lowered significantly due to flooding, and the transpiration rate (E) closely paralleled the changes in gs. The leaf water and osmotic potentials significantly increased in most 0501 hybrids. As a trend, flooding stress lowered the ABA concentration in roots from most hybrids, but increased in the leaves of CC, 05019 and 050110. Under the control treatment (Ct) conditions, most 0501 hybrids showed higher PIP1 and PIP2 expressions than the control rootstock CC, but were impaired due to the flooding conditions in 05019 and 050110. From this study, we conclude that 0501 genotypes develop some adaptive responses in plants against flooding stress such as (1) stomata closure to prevent water loss likely mediated by ABA levels, and (2) enhanced water and osmotic potentials and the downregulation of those genes regulating aquaporin channels to maintain water relations in plants. Although these traits seemed especially relevant in hybrids 050110 and 050125, further experiments must be done to determine their behavior under field conditions, particularly their influence on commercial varieties and their suitability as flooding-tolerant hybrids for replacing CC, one of the main genotypes that is widely used as a citrus rootstock in Spain, under these conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rootstocks: History, Physiology, Management and Breeding)
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18 pages, 2754 KiB  
Article
Rootstock–Scion Hydraulic Balance Influenced Scion Vigor and Yield Efficiency of Malus domestica cv. Honeycrisp on Eight Rootstocks
by Hao Xu, Danielle Ediger, Amritpal Singh and Christopher Pagliocchini
Horticulturae 2021, 7(5), 99; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7050099 - 3 May 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3641
Abstract
Rootstocks with internal hydraulic limitations can effectively restrict scion growth, influence crop load, and improve yield efficiency in apple production. The characteristics of xylem vessels in rootstock and scion play essential roles in determining the hydraulic properties of the grafted tree; however, much [...] Read more.
Rootstocks with internal hydraulic limitations can effectively restrict scion growth, influence crop load, and improve yield efficiency in apple production. The characteristics of xylem vessels in rootstock and scion play essential roles in determining the hydraulic properties of the grafted tree; however, much remains unknown for commonly available rootstocks. In this study, we extracted secondary xylem using an increment borer from living Honeycrisp scion (Malus domestica cv. ‘Honeycrisp’), and two Malling rootstocks, one Budagovsky rootstock, and five Geneva rootstocks. The size and density of xylem vessels in rootstocks and scions were analyzed in relation to trunk cross-section area (TCSA), tree–water relations, and fruit dry matter of 2019, as well as with cumulative yield efficiency during 2014–2019. Honeycrisp scion exceeded most of the rootstocks in cross-section size and density of vessel elements. Scion vigor and cumulative yield were positively correlated with TCSA and total vessel cross-section area (VCSA) of the rootstock, with G.202 being the highest, and B.9 being the lowest with small xylem vessels in high density. In the rootstocks with the highest cumulative yield efficiency, the rootstock/scion ratio in VCSA was equal to or slightly higher than 1. Lower scion vessel density in G.214 was associated with lower fruit dry matter weight, more restricted water relations, and worsened leaf chlorosis. G.935 with larger rootstock vessels led to both high yield and high yield efficiency. This suggested that higher scion vessel density and larger rootstock vessel size can be advantageous characteristics for early-stage evaluation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rootstocks: History, Physiology, Management and Breeding)
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Review

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21 pages, 11256 KiB  
Review
Cold Stress in Citrus: A Molecular, Physiological and Biochemical Perspective
by Amparo Primo-Capella, Mary-Rus Martínez-Cuenca and María Ángeles Forner-Giner
Horticulturae 2021, 7(10), 340; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7100340 - 24 Sep 2021
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 4814
Abstract
Due to climate change, we are forced to face new abiotic stress challenges like cold and heat waves that currently result from global warming. Losses due to frost and low temperatures force us to better understand the physiological, hormonal, and molecular mechanisms of [...] Read more.
Due to climate change, we are forced to face new abiotic stress challenges like cold and heat waves that currently result from global warming. Losses due to frost and low temperatures force us to better understand the physiological, hormonal, and molecular mechanisms of response to such stress to face losses, especially in tropical and subtropical crops like citrus fruit, which are well adapted to certain weather conditions. Many of the responses to cold stress that are found are also conserved in citrus. Hence, this review also intends to show the latest work on citrus. In addition to basic research, there is a great need to employ and cultivate new citrus rootstocks to better adapt to environmental conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rootstocks: History, Physiology, Management and Breeding)
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