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Tolerance Response Mechanisms to Abiotic Stress in Woody Crops
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Tolerance Response Mechanisms to Abiotic Stress in Woody Crops

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Response to Abiotic Stress and Climate Change".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2024) | Viewed by 16402

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Mary-Rus Martínez Cuenca

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Valencian Institute of Agrarian Research (IVIA), 46113 Valencia, Spain
Interests: physiology; abiotic stress; citrus; kiwi; iron chlorosis; mineral nutrition; tolerance
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. María Ángeles Forner-Giner

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Valencian Institute of Agrarian Research (IVIA), 46113 Valencia, Spain
Interests: citrus; rootstock; breeding; abiotic stress; salinity; flooding
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The journal Plants will be jointly publishing a Special Issue on plant tolerance. Adverse environmental conditions, such as salinity, drought, flooding, temperature, chemical toxicity, and oxidative stress, cause major loss in plant growth and crop yield and, consequently, threaten global food security. This impact is especially relevant in woody plants as a result of its long-term growth period. To counteract these effects, trees have evolved specific mechanisms for acclimation and tolerance to abiotic stresses. Plant growth and development are regulated by the integration of many environmental and endogenous signals, including plant hormones, enzymes or transporters. This issue focuses on recent studies on physiological and molecular mechanisms of abiotic stress responses in woody plants, functions of ion transporters, enzymes involved, genes that maintain plant homeostasis and the interconnection of the mechanisms at cell and whole plant level. An understanding of these mechanisms in depth should shed light on factors for the improvement of woody plants to overcome severe abiotic stress conditions.

Dr. Mary-Rus Martínez Cuenca
Dr. María Ángeles Forner-Giner
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • abiotic stress
  • salinity
  • iron chlorosis
  • drought
  • flooding
  • temperature
  • chemical toxicity

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 6198 KiB  
Article
MaMYBR30, a Novel 1R-MYB, Plays Important Roles in Plant Development and Abiotic Stress Resistance
by Li Liu, Shan Li, Fengjuan Tang, Peijun Li, Jiaxin Liu, Rumeng Fu, Longyan Zheng, Jie Zhang and Nan Chao
Plants 2024, 13(13), 1794; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13131794 - 28 Jun 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 704
Abstract
The V-myb myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog (MYB) family participate in various bioprocesses including development and abiotic stress responses. In the present study, we first report a 1R SHAQKYF-class MYB, MaMYBR30, in mulberry. Subcellular localization and sequence analysis indicated MaMYBR30 is located in [...] Read more.
The V-myb myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog (MYB) family participate in various bioprocesses including development and abiotic stress responses. In the present study, we first report a 1R SHAQKYF-class MYB, MaMYBR30, in mulberry. Subcellular localization and sequence analysis indicated MaMYBR30 is located in the nucleus and belongs to a CCA-like subgroup with a conserved SHAQKYF motif. Expression profile analysis showed that MaMYBR30 is expressed in leaves and can be induced by drought and salt stress. The down-regulation of MaMYBR30 using virus-induced gene silence (VIGS) in mulberry and the overexpression of MaMYBR30 in Arabidopsis were induced to explore the function of MaMYBR30. The functional characterization of MaMYBR30 in vivo indicated that MaMYBR30 can positively regulate the resistance of mulberry to drought while negatively regulating the resistance of mulberry to salt stress. In addition, MaMYBR30 also affects flower development and reproductive growth, especially after exposure to salt stress. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) primarily revealed the possible genes and signal pathways that are regulated by MaMYBR30. Our results also imply that complex molecular mechanisms mediated by MaMYBR30, including crosstalk of ion toxicity, phytohormone signal transduction, flowering development, and epigenetic modification, need to be further explored in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tolerance Response Mechanisms to Abiotic Stress in Woody Crops)
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14 pages, 2771 KiB  
Article
Exogenous Spermidine Alleviated Low-Temperature Damage by Affecting Polyamine Metabolism and Antioxidant Levels in Apples
by Meiqi He, Jia Zhou, Deguo Lyu, Gongxun Xu and Sijun Qin
Plants 2024, 13(8), 1100; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13081100 - 15 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1161
Abstract
Low-temperature stress significantly limits the growth, development, and geographical distribution of apple cultivation. Spermidine (Spd), a known plant growth regulator, plays a vital role in the plant’s response to abiotic stress. Yet, the mechanisms by which exogenous Spd enhances cold resistance in apples [...] Read more.
Low-temperature stress significantly limits the growth, development, and geographical distribution of apple cultivation. Spermidine (Spd), a known plant growth regulator, plays a vital role in the plant’s response to abiotic stress. Yet, the mechanisms by which exogenous Spd enhances cold resistance in apples remain poorly understood. Therefore, the present study analyzed the effects of exogenous Spd on antioxidant enzyme activity, polyamine metabolism, and related gene expression levels of 1-year-old apple branches under low-temperature stress. Treatment with exogenous Spd was found to stabilize branch tissue biofilms and significantly reduce the levels of reactive oxygen species by elevating proline content and boosting the activity of antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase. It also upregulated the activities of arginine decarboxylase, S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, and spermidine synthase and the expression levels of MdADC1, MdSAMDC1, and MdSPDS1 under low-temperature stress and led to the accumulation of large amounts of Spd and spermine. Moreover, compared with the 2 mmol·L−1 Spd treatment, the 1 mmol·L−1 Spd treatment increased the expression levels of cold-responsive genes MdCBF1/2/3, MdCOR47, and MdKIN1, significantly. The findings suggest that exogenous Spd can enhance cold resistance in apple branches significantly. This enhancement is achieved by modulating polyamine metabolism and improving antioxidant defense mechanisms, which could be exploited to improve apple cultivation under cold stress conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tolerance Response Mechanisms to Abiotic Stress in Woody Crops)
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15 pages, 606 KiB  
Article
Foliar Nutrition Influences Yield, Nut Quality and Kernel Composition in Hazelnut cv Mortarella
by Antonio Pannico, Giuseppe Carlo Modarelli, Silvia Rita Stazi, Matteo Giaccone, Raffaele Romano, Youssef Rouphael and Chiara Cirillo
Plants 2023, 12(11), 2219; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12112219 - 4 Jun 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1985
Abstract
In hazelnut, foliar nutrition is utilized globally to integrate microelement deficiencies and optimize their assimilation and effects on yield performances. Nevertheless, nut quality and kernel composition can be positively affected by foliar nutrition. Recently, several studies pointed out the need for increasing the [...] Read more.
In hazelnut, foliar nutrition is utilized globally to integrate microelement deficiencies and optimize their assimilation and effects on yield performances. Nevertheless, nut quality and kernel composition can be positively affected by foliar nutrition. Recently, several studies pointed out the need for increasing the sustainability of orchard nutrition by proposing the management of not only micronutrients, but also main components, such as nitrogen, through foliar spraying. In our study, different foliar fertilizers were used to understand the effectiveness of supporting hazelnut productivity and nut and kernel quality. Water was used as a control. Foliar fertilizations affected tree annual vegetative growth, improved kernel weight and decreased the incidence of blanks compared to the control. Differences in fat, protein, and carbohydrate concentration were also found among treatments, with increased fat concentrations and total polyphenols content in fertilized treatments. Foliar fertilization improved the oil composition of the kernels, though fatty acid composition responded differently to nutrients spray. Oleic acid concentration was promoted, while palmitic acid concentration was reduced in fertilized plants compared to control trees. Furthermore, CD and B trees were characterized by an increase in the ratio of unsaturated/saturated fatty acids compared to untreated trees. Finally, foliar spraying improved lipid stability compared to the control due to higher total polyphenol concentration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tolerance Response Mechanisms to Abiotic Stress in Woody Crops)
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19 pages, 3121 KiB  
Article
Impact of a DANA Event on the Thermal Response of Nectarine Trees
by María R. Conesa, Wenceslao Conejero, Juan Vera, Ana Belén Mira-García and María Carmen Ruiz-Sánchez
Plants 2023, 12(4), 907; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12040907 - 17 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2018
Abstract
This field experiment focuses on the effects of a heavy rainfall event (DANA, depresión aislada en niveles altos) that occurred on 12–14 September 2019 (DOY, Day of the year, 255–257), in southern Spain on plant water status and the thermal response of nectarine [...] Read more.
This field experiment focuses on the effects of a heavy rainfall event (DANA, depresión aislada en niveles altos) that occurred on 12–14 September 2019 (DOY, Day of the year, 255–257), in southern Spain on plant water status and the thermal response of nectarine trees. Two irrigation treatments were applied during the summer–autumn postharvest period (DOY 158–329): full-irrigated (CTL) and non-irrigated (DRY). Volumetric soil water content (θv), air temperature (Ta) and canopy temperature (Tc) were monitored in real-time and the crop water stress index (CWSI) was calculated. The difference in Tc between the DRY and CTL treatments (Tc’ − Tc) is proposed as a new thermal indicator. Stem water potential (Ψstem) and leaf gas exchange measurements were recorded on representative days. During the DANA event, only the Tc measured by the infrared radiometer sensors could be monitored. Therefore, the effects of the DANA forced the soil water content sensors to be switched off, which prevented Ψstem and leaf gas exchange determinations from DOY 255 to 275. Before the DANA event, withholding irrigation caused a gradual decrease in the soil and plant water status in the DRY treatment. Significant differences appeared between treatments in the studied thermal indexes. Moreover, Tc’ − Tc was more sensitive than Tc − Ta in assessing nectarine water stress. The effects of the DANA reduced these differences, suggesting different baselines for the calculation of CWSI. In this respect, the relationship Tc − Ta vs. VPD improved the coefficient of determination after the DANA event in full-irrigated trees. Similar values of Ψstem and leaf gas exchange were found in both treatments after the DANA event, even though thermal indexes showed some significant differences. In addition, the strong relationship found between Tc − Ta and CWSI vs. Ψstem worsened after DANA occurred, revealing a lower sensitivity of Ψstem compared to canopy temperature to accurately assess nectarine water status in these saturated soil conditions. This research underlined the robustness of infrared thermography to continuously monitor plant water status under these extreme weather conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tolerance Response Mechanisms to Abiotic Stress in Woody Crops)
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14 pages, 979 KiB  
Article
Phytoremediation of Potentially Toxic Elements from Contaminated Saline Soils Using Salvadora persica L.: Seasonal Evaluation
by Amtul Mujeeb, Zainul Abideen, Irfan Aziz, Nadia Sharif, Muhammad Iftikhar Hussain, Asad Sarwar Qureshi and Hsi-Hsien Yang
Plants 2023, 12(3), 598; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12030598 - 29 Jan 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2755
Abstract
Plants in coastal ecosystems are primarily known as natural sinks of trace metals and their importance for phytoremediation is well established. Salvadora persica L., a medicinally important woody crop of marginal coasts, was evaluated for the accumulation of metal pollutants (viz. Fe, Mn, [...] Read more.
Plants in coastal ecosystems are primarily known as natural sinks of trace metals and their importance for phytoremediation is well established. Salvadora persica L., a medicinally important woody crop of marginal coasts, was evaluated for the accumulation of metal pollutants (viz. Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cr) from three coastal areas of Karachi on a seasonal basis. Korangi creek, being the most polluted site, had higher heavy metals (HM’s) in soil (Fe up to 17,389, Mn: 268, Zn: 105, Cu: 23, Pb: 64.7 and Cr up to 35.9 mg kg−1) and S. persica accumulated most of the metals with >1 TF (translocation factor), yet none of them exceeded standard permissible ranges except for Pb (up to 3.1 in roots and 3.37 mg kg−1 in leaves with TF = 11.7). Seasonal data suggested that higher salinity in Clifton and Korangi creeks during pre- and post-monsoon summers resulted in lower leaf water (ΨWo) and osmotic potential at full turgor (ΨSo) and bulk elasticity (ε), higher leaf Na+ and Pb but lower extractable concentrations of other toxic metals (Cr, Cu, and Zn) in S. persica. Variation in metal accumulation may be linked to metal speciation via specific transporters and leaf water relation dynamics. Our results suggested that S. persica could be grown on Zn, Cr and Cu polluted soils but not on Pb affected soils as its leaves accumulated higher concentrations than the proposed limits. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tolerance Response Mechanisms to Abiotic Stress in Woody Crops)
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19 pages, 1907 KiB  
Article
Cultivation Using Coir Substrate and P or K Enriched Fertilizer Provides Higher Resistance to Drought in Ecologically Diverse Quercus Species
by Barbara Mariotti, Sofia Martini, Sabrina Raddi, Francesca Ugolini, Juan A. Oliet, Douglass F. Jacobs and Alberto Maltoni
Plants 2023, 12(3), 525; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12030525 - 23 Jan 2023
Viewed by 1988
Abstract
Nursery cultivation practices can be modified to increase resistance to water stress in forest seedlings following field establishment, which may be increasingly important under climate change. We evaluated the morphological (survival, growth) and physiological (chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf water potential) responses to water stress [...] Read more.
Nursery cultivation practices can be modified to increase resistance to water stress in forest seedlings following field establishment, which may be increasingly important under climate change. We evaluated the morphological (survival, growth) and physiological (chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf water potential) responses to water stress for three ecologically diverse Quercus species (Q. robur, Q. pubescens, and Q. ilex) with varying traits resulting from the combination of growing media (peat, coir) and fertilization (standard, P-enriched, K-enriched). For all species under water stress, seedlings grown in coir had generally higher growth than those grown in peat. Seedlings fertilized with P performed better, particularly for survival; conversely, K fertilization resulted in inconsistent findings. Such results could be explained by a combination of factors. P fertilization resulted in higher P accumulation in seedlings, while no K accumulation was observed in K fertilized seedlings. As expected, the more drought-sensitive species, Q. robur, showed the worst response, while Q. pubescens had a drought resistance equal or better to Q. ilex despite being classified as intermediate in drought resistance in Mediterranean environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tolerance Response Mechanisms to Abiotic Stress in Woody Crops)
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Review

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20 pages, 1478 KiB  
Review
Molecular Insights into Abiotic Stresses in Mango
by Pandiyan Muthuramalingam, Subramanian Muthamil, Jayabalan Shilpha, Varadharajan Venkatramanan, Arumugam Priya, Jinwook Kim, Yunji Shin, Jen-Tsung Chen, Venkidasamy Baskar, Kyoungmi Park and Hyunsuk Shin
Plants 2023, 12(10), 1939; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12101939 - 9 May 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4907
Abstract
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is one of the most economically important fruit crops across the world, mainly in the tropics and subtropics of Asia, Africa, and Central and South America. Abiotic stresses are the prominent hindrance that can adversely affect the growth, [...] Read more.
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is one of the most economically important fruit crops across the world, mainly in the tropics and subtropics of Asia, Africa, and Central and South America. Abiotic stresses are the prominent hindrance that can adversely affect the growth, development, and significant yield loss of mango trees. Understanding the molecular physiological mechanisms underlying abiotic stress responses in mango is highly intricate. Therefore, to gain insights into the molecular basis and to alleviate the abiotic stress responses to enhance the yield in the mere future, the use of high-throughput frontier approaches should be tied along with the baseline investigations. Taking these gaps into account, this comprehensive review mainly speculates to provide detailed mechanisms and impacts on physiological and biochemical alterations in mango under abiotic stress responses. In addition, the review emphasizes the promising omics approaches in unraveling the candidate genes and transcription factors (TFs) responsible for abiotic stresses. Furthermore, this review also summarizes the role of different types of biostimulants in improving the abiotic stress responses in mango. These studies can be undertaken to recognize the roadblocks and avenues for enhancing abiotic stress tolerance in mango cultivars. Potential investigations pointed out the implementation of powerful and essential tools to uncover novel insights and approaches to integrate the existing literature and advancements to decipher the abiotic stress mechanisms in mango. Furthermore, this review serves as a notable pioneer for researchers working on mango stress physiology using integrative approaches. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tolerance Response Mechanisms to Abiotic Stress in Woody Crops)
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