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Horticulturae
Special Issues
Smart Farming Techniques for Protected Horticulture Facilities
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Smart Farming Techniques for Protected Horticulture Facilities

A special issue of Horticulturae (ISSN 2311-7524). This special issue belongs to the section "Protected Culture".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 January 2022) | Viewed by 30850

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Sung Kyeom Kim

E-Mail
Guest Editor
Department of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
Interests: physiology of vegetables; smart farming; crop growth modelling; hydroponics; greenhouse management
Prof. Dr. Changhoo Chun

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
Interests: physiology of vegetables; transplant production system; vertical farming; plant factory

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Due to the frequent occurrence of extreme weather as a consequence of climate change, the vulnerability of crop production is increasing. With the 4th Industrial Revolution, the protected horticultural industry is becoming more automated and viable than other agricultural fields. In particular, smart farming or agricultural practice decision-making technologies are developed using crop growth models and prediction methods based on ICT, IoT, ANN, AI techniques. The best field to apply these techniques is protected horticultural industry. Since various governments are also supporting the establishment of agricultural data centers (i.e,. AgriTech) and research centers for the automated production of horticultural facilities to restore the elasticity of agricultural productivity, many related studies are being conducted on these topics. Thus, in this Special Issue, we intend to collect and publish innovative and high-quality manuscripts on smart farming technologies for various protected horticulture facilities.

Prof. Dr. Sung Kyeom Kim
Prof. Dr. Changhoo Chun
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Horticulturae is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • agritech
  • crop growth model
  • environmental control
  • greenhouse management
  • plant factory
  • smart farming
  • vertical farming

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 2583 KiB  
Article
Comparative Growth, Photosynthetic Pigments, and Osmolytes Analysis of Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Seedlings under an Aeroponics System with Different LED Light Sources
by Md. Jahirul Islam, Byeong Ryeol Ryu, Md. Obyedul Kalam Azad, Md. Hafizur Rahman, Md. Soyel Rana, Chang-Won Kang, Jung-Dae Lim and Young-Seok Lim
Horticulturae 2021, 7(8), 239; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7080239 - 10 Aug 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 6907
Abstract
The performance of hemp seedlings was evaluated through morphological traits, photosynthetic pigments, and osmolytes under 11 light treatments (10 LED light compositions + natural light) in an aeroponics system. The seedlings were brought under treatment at 25 days of age, where the light [...] Read more.
The performance of hemp seedlings was evaluated through morphological traits, photosynthetic pigments, and osmolytes under 11 light treatments (10 LED light compositions + natural light) in an aeroponics system. The seedlings were brought under treatment at 25 days of age, where the light intensity was 300 µmol m−2s−1 and duration was 20 days. A higher leaf number and node number were observed in L10 (R4:B2:W2:FR1:UV1) and L11 (R2:B2:G2:W2:FR1:UV1), and a higher leaf length and leaf width were recorded in the L2 (white), L3 (R8:B2), and L5 (R7:B2:FR1) treatments. Furthermore, a higher shoot length was recorded in L3 (R8:B2), L6 (R6:B2:G1:FR1), and L9 (R6:B2:FR1:UV1) while roots developed more in the L1 (natural light), L5 (R7:B2:FR1), and L9 (R6:B2:FR1:UV1) treatments. On the other hand, the L3 (R8:B2) treatment manifested higher chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and photosynthetic quantum yield (Fv/Fm). The hierarchical clustering and heatmap analysis revealed that higher leaf numbers and node numbers resulted in bushy plants with shorter shoots and longer roots. A negative correlation was also observed in photosynthetic traits (pigments and fluorescence) with osmolytes and root length. Importantly, the treatments L4 (R7:B2:G1), L6 (R6:B2:G1:FR1), L8 (R5:B2:G1:FR1:UV1), and L11 (R2:B2:G2:W2:FR1:UV1) manifested higher nodes with a higher osmolyte content, such as proline, ascorbic acid, total soluble carbohydrate, and sucrose, which may be a helpful indicator for higher branches and inflorescences, and ultimately higher cannabinoids accumulation in the plants. The approach and findings of this study could provide future research with the baseline information on optimizing the light composition to produce hemp plants with ideal phenotypes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Farming Techniques for Protected Horticulture Facilities)
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16 pages, 2951 KiB  
Article
Effect of Drought Stress on Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters, Phytochemical Contents, and Antioxidant Activities in Lettuce Seedlings
by Yu Kyeong Shin, Shiva Ram Bhandari, Jung Su Jo, Jae Woo Song and Jun Gu Lee
Horticulturae 2021, 7(8), 238; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7080238 - 10 Aug 2021
Cited by 77 | Viewed by 8850
Abstract
This study monitored changes in chlorophyll fluorescence (CF), growth parameters, soil moisture content, phytochemical content (proline, ascorbic acid, chlorophyll, total phenol content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC)), and antioxidant activities in 12-day-old lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seedlings grown under drought stress [...] Read more.
This study monitored changes in chlorophyll fluorescence (CF), growth parameters, soil moisture content, phytochemical content (proline, ascorbic acid, chlorophyll, total phenol content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC)), and antioxidant activities in 12-day-old lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seedlings grown under drought stress (no irrigation) and control (well irrigated) treatments in controlled conditions for eight days. Measurements occurred at two-day intervals. Among ten CF parameters studied, effective quantum yield of photochemical energy conversion in PSII (Y(PSII)), coefficient of photochemical quenching (qP), and coefficient of photochemical quenching of variable fluorescence based on the lake model of PSII (qL) significantly decreased in drought-stressed seedlings from day 6 of treatment compared to control. In contrast, maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm), ratio of fluorescence (Rfd), and quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation in PSII (Y(NO)) were significantly affected only at the end. All growth parameters decreased in drought-stressed seedlings compared to control. Proline started increasing from day 4 and showed ~660-fold elevation on day 8 compared to control. Chlorophyll, ascorbic acid, TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activities decreased in drought-stressed seedlings. Results showed major changes in all parameters in seedlings under prolonged drought stress. These findings clarify effects of drought stress in lettuce seedlings during progressive drought exposure and will be useful in the seedling industry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Farming Techniques for Protected Horticulture Facilities)
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18 pages, 5360 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Air Temperature, Photoperiod and Light Intensity Conditions to Produce Cucumber Scions and Rootstocks in a Plant Factory with Artificial Lighting
by Sewoong An, Hyunseung Hwang, Changhoo Chun, Yoonah Jang, Hee Ju Lee, Seung Hwang Wi, Kyung-Hwan Yeo, In-ho Yu and Yurina Kwack
Horticulturae 2021, 7(5), 102; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7050102 - 8 May 2021
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3866
Abstract
Air temperature and light conditions are important factors not only to produce high-quality seedlings but also to promote energy efficiency in a plant factory with artificial lighting. In this study, we conducted two experiments in order to investigate the favorable conditions of air [...] Read more.
Air temperature and light conditions are important factors not only to produce high-quality seedlings but also to promote energy efficiency in a plant factory with artificial lighting. In this study, we conducted two experiments in order to investigate the favorable conditions of air temperature, light intensity and photoperiod for the production of cucumber scions and rootstocks in a plant factory with artificial lighting. Cucumber scions and rootstocks were cultivated in two combined treatments: the combination of three different levels of difference between the day and night temperature (DIF), 25/20, 26/18 and 27/16 °C and five different light intensity conditions of photosynthetic photon flux, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 μmol·m−2·s−1 was set for the first experiment, and the combination of three different photoperiod conditions, 12, 16 and 20 h·d−1 and five different light intensity conditions, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 μmol·m−2·s−1 was set for the second experiment. In the air temperature and light intensity treatments, the hypocotyl elongation of cucumber scions and rootstocks was affected more largely by light intensity than DIF. The highest DIF treatment (27/16 °C) affected negatively on the accumulation of dry mass. On the contrary, the smallest DIF treatment (25/20 °C) was favorable for seedling growth due to lesser stress by rapid change of air temperature between photo- and dark-period. In the photoperiod and light intensity treatments, an increased DLI (daily light integral) promoted the growth of scions and rootstocks. Under the same DLI condition, the growth of scions and rootstocks increased with increasing photoperiod and decreasing light intensity. In both of experiments, while the dry weight increased with increasing the light intensity, the light use efficiencies were reduced by increasing the light intensity. Considering the growth and quality of seedlings and energy efficiency, the optimal environment conditions were represented by 25/20 °C of air temperature, 150 μmol·m−2·s−1 of light intensity and 16 h·d−1 of photoperiod. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Farming Techniques for Protected Horticulture Facilities)
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14 pages, 2778 KiB  
Article
Effect of Pre-Harvest Supplemental UV-A/Blue and Red/Blue LED Lighting on Lettuce Growth and Nutritional Quality
by Triston Hooks, Joseph Masabni, Ling Sun and Genhua Niu
Horticulturae 2021, 7(4), 80; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7040080 - 14 Apr 2021
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 4638
Abstract
Blue light and ultra-violet (UV) light have been shown to influence plant growth, morphology, and quality. In this study, we investigated the effects of pre-harvest supplemental lighting using UV-A and blue (UV-A/Blue) light and red and blue (RB) light on growth and nutritional [...] Read more.
Blue light and ultra-violet (UV) light have been shown to influence plant growth, morphology, and quality. In this study, we investigated the effects of pre-harvest supplemental lighting using UV-A and blue (UV-A/Blue) light and red and blue (RB) light on growth and nutritional quality of lettuce grown hydroponically in two greenhouse experiments. The RB spectrum was applied pre-harvest for two days or nights, while the UV-A/Blue spectrum was applied pre-harvest for two or four days or nights. All pre-harvest supplemental lighting treatments had a same duration of 12 h with a photon flux density (PFD) of 171 μmol m−2 s−1. Results of both experiments showed that pre-harvest supplemental lighting using UV A/Blue or RB light can increase the growth and nutritional quality of lettuce grown hydroponically. The enhancement of lettuce growth and nutritional quality by the pre-harvest supplemental lighting was more effective under low daily light integral (DLI) compared to a high DLI and tended to be more effective when applied during the night, regardless of spectrum. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Farming Techniques for Protected Horticulture Facilities)
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11 pages, 2048 KiB  
Article
Characteristics and Trends of Strawberry Cultivars throughout the Cultivation Season in a Greenhouse
by Min Gyu Ahn, Dong Sub Kim, Su Ran Ahn, Ha Seon Sim, Steven Kim and Sung Kyeom Kim
Horticulturae 2021, 7(2), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7020030 - 9 Feb 2021
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 5340
Abstract
Each strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) cultivar has its own growth and yield characteristics. However, the characteristics of many cultivars have not been determined at a consistent time and place, making direct comparative analysis difficult. The objective of this study was to [...] Read more.
Each strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) cultivar has its own growth and yield characteristics. However, the characteristics of many cultivars have not been determined at a consistent time and place, making direct comparative analysis difficult. The objective of this study was to identify characteristics and trends of five Korean strawberry cultivars in the same environment during an entire season. Therefore, environmental factors such as daily average air temperature, daily average relative humidity, daily average solar radiation, daily soil temperature, daily soil water content, daily soil electrical conductivity (EC), plant growth characteristics such as the number of leaves, plant height, leaf length, leaf width, and crown diameter, and productivity characteristics such as flowering and fruiting were measured to investigate the possible correlations of the data over one season. The vegetative growth of “Seolhyang” and “Keumsil” was greater than that of “Jukhyang” and “Maehyang”. The yield of “Arihyang” was greater than that of all other cultivars. “Arihyang” also presented the greatest weight per number of fruits. Among environmental factors, higher variability in air temperature and soil water content was correlated to lower total fresh weight in the following week at different degrees for each cultivar. Among the cultivars, the time to the first flowering was delayed by about seven days when the number of leaves increased by one and was reduced by one day per 1 cm increase in plant height. The total fresh weight was enhanced up to 271 g per experimental unit, while the average number of leaves increased by one. The results indicate that the data can be used by those who need information regarding the characteristics of the strawberry cultivars through direct comparative analysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Farming Techniques for Protected Horticulture Facilities)
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