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Developments in Long-Term Care for Older People between Residential and Community-Based Services

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Aging".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2023) | Viewed by 12134

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Maria Gabriella Melchiorre

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centre for Socio-Economic Research on Ageing, IRCCS INRCA—National Institute of Health and Science on Ageing, 60124 Ancona, Italy
Interests: family caregiving of older people; long-term care; prevention of abuse and neglect in old age; migrant care workers; multimorbidity; frailty; eHealth
Dr. Marco Socci

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centre for Socio-Economic Research on Ageing, IRCCS INRCA—National Institute of Health and Science on Ageing, 60124 Ancona, Italy
Interests: caregiving; active and healthy ageing; intergenerational relationships; reconciliation of paid work with informal care
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Barbara D’Amen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centre for Socio-Economic Research on Ageing, IRCCS INRCA—National Institute of Health and Science on Ageing, 60124 Ancona, Italy
Interests: sociology of health; caregiving relationships and settings; active ageing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Population ageing is a worldwide phenomenon, and the safeguard of the health and well-being of the increasing number of seniors has become one of main issues on political agendas. Currently, in most industrialised societies more and more frail older people tend to live alone at home, without cohabiting relatives. When this living arrangement is not possible, in case of increasing functional limitations, older people need support to continue ageing in place. If family help is not available, personal care assistants, or home care services, are essential and, when these are not feasible or sufficient, moving into a nursing home becomes the most common alternative. Moreover, older people with physical and cognitive limitations strongly need integrated health and social care services, including general practitioners, medical specialists and different kinds of home-based supports. Long-term care issues of ageing people represent therefore crucial challenges for policy makers and care professionals, especially in light of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. A possible source of help could come from Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), as these may facilitate care and cure at a distance. On the background of these considerations, this Special Issue welcomes contributions reporting both qualitative and quantitative (or mixed) studies, addressing formal care for older people in a multidisciplinary perspective, and particularly if they offer a comparative/cross-country perspective, without excluding insights at local and national level. All typologies of research papers – theoretical, methodological and empirical ones - as well as case reports are welcome, too as are papers focusing on policy issues.

Dr. Maria Gabriella Melchiorre
Dr. Marco Socci
Dr. Barbara D’Amen
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • frail older people
  • ageing in place
  • living alone
  • Long-Term Care (LTC)
  • public-private health services
  • public-private social services
  • residential care
  • semi-residential care
  • nursing homes
  • home care
  • integration of services
  • impact of COVID-19 on LTC
  • ICT-based care solutions

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 322 KiB  
Article
Effectiveness of Advanced Fire Prevention and Emergency Response Training at Nursing Homes
by Wan-Ching Li, Jo-Ming Tseng and Hsin-Shu Huang
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(20), 13185; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013185 - 13 Oct 2022
Viewed by 4459
Abstract
In long-term care facilities, there are many residents aged 65+ who do not have the ability to seek shelter by themselves in the case of an emergency. Therefore, it is extremely important that nursing home staff be equipped with correct disaster prevention concepts, [...] Read more.
In long-term care facilities, there are many residents aged 65+ who do not have the ability to seek shelter by themselves in the case of an emergency. Therefore, it is extremely important that nursing home staff be equipped with correct disaster prevention concepts, emergency survival responses, and hazard mitigation measures. The purpose of this study was to discuss the intervention effectiveness of different fire prevention and emergency response trainings at nursing homes, and the relationship and predictivity of awareness to self-efficacy. We used a quasi-experimental research method and recruited staff from two nursing homes through purposive sampling, using a two-team pre- and post-test design to collect results from 41 individuals in the experiment group and 40 individuals in the control group. The research tool was the “Nursing Home Fire Prevention and Emergency Response Awareness and Self-Efficacy Scale”, which was used to compare the effectiveness of advanced and general fire safety training. After receiving improved advanced fire safety training, the total score and the result of the experiment group in fire prevention and emergency response awareness and self-efficacy were both better than those of the control group who had received only general fire safety training (p < 0.001); fire prevention and emergency response awareness had a significant and positive correlation with self-efficacy (r = 0.601, p < 0.001), and awareness was a significant predictor variable of self-efficacy (β = 0.601, p < 0.001). This study finds that the key to improving learning effectiveness includes adding a fire science concept chapter when creating fire safety training material in order to strengthen basic awareness; fire safety training should comprehensively introduce all related duties and responsibilities for staff fire defense formation, thereby enabling mutual responsive support for the needs of the site. Moreover, becoming familiarized with the knowledge requires the appropriate frequency of training and enhancement of the staff’s awareness of fire prevention and emergency response, which is the most important key to learning effectiveness. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Developments in Long-Term Care for Older People between Residential and Community-Based Services)
12 pages, 340 KiB  
Article
Trends in the Use of Home LTC Services in Large, Medium and Small Municipalities in Italy: Lessons for the Post-COVID-19 Reappraisal
by Carlo Lallo, Marta Pasqualini and Cecilia Tomassini
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(19), 12796; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912796 - 6 Oct 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1580
Abstract
Italian Long-Term Care is considered largely inadequate, and the recent COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically exposed its limitations. Public Home Care Services in particular were revealed as under-financed and unable to cover the potential demand for care from the older population. But does the [...] Read more.
Italian Long-Term Care is considered largely inadequate, and the recent COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically exposed its limitations. Public Home Care Services in particular were revealed as under-financed and unable to cover the potential demand for care from the older population. But does the type of municipality and its geographic location play a role in creating or mitigating unmet demand? This is the first study addressing this research question in Italy. Our hypothesis is that older people’s care preferences and care possibilities may vary between small, medium and metropolitan areas, as will the organisation, funding and availability of services, and the combination will influence (unmet) demand for public home care services. In this paper, using nationally representative survey data collected by the Italian National Statistical Institute in 2003 and 2016, we investigate changes and differences in the use of public and private home care services among people aged 75 or older in Italy by size of the municipality. Our results reveal inequalities in service use between Northern and Southern areas of the country and in particular between metropolitan areas, medium and small municipalities. Such differences reinforce post-pandemic calls for new investment and changes in the design of the Italian Long-Term Care system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Developments in Long-Term Care for Older People between Residential and Community-Based Services)
16 pages, 362 KiB  
Article
Community-Dwelling Older Adults’ Intended Use of Different Types of Long-Term Care in China and Its Associated Factors Based on the Andersen Behavioral Model
by Run-Ping Che and Mei-Chun Cheung
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(18), 11626; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811626 - 15 Sep 2022
Viewed by 1836
Abstract
In light of the increased demand for long-term care services in China, there is an ongoing discussion on what factors contribute to older adults’ intended use of long-term care services. This study empirically recruited 239 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥60 years in China [...] Read more.
In light of the increased demand for long-term care services in China, there is an ongoing discussion on what factors contribute to older adults’ intended use of long-term care services. This study empirically recruited 239 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥60 years in China and explored factors influencing their intended use of four types of long-term care (basic life care, basic medical care, rehabilitation care, and psychological care) based on the Andersen behavioral model (i.e., predisposing characteristics, enabling resources, and need factors). The results showed that older adults were most likely to use psychological care. Age (as the predisposing characteristic) was the significant predictor of the intended use of four types of care. Regarding the intended use of basic life care, the enabling resources of marital status, household composition, income, as well as need factors of preference for the care setting, were influential. Moreover, income and need factors of self-rated physical health status were only two variables associated with the intended use of basic medical care. Concerning the intended use of rehabilitation care, household composition, income, self-rated physical health status, and preference for the care setting were significant predictors. The intended use of psychological care was influenced by enabling resources of marital status, household composition, and need factors of self-rated physical health status, preference for the care setting, and preference for the caregiver. These results can promote the sensitivity of policymakers and caregivers to the community-dwelling older adults’ intended use of long-term care and contribute to the delivery of appropriate care services by public policy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Developments in Long-Term Care for Older People between Residential and Community-Based Services)
29 pages, 506 KiB  
Article
Caring for Frail Older People Living Alone in Italy: Future Housing Solutions and Responsibilities of Family and Public Services, a Qualitative Study
by Maria Gabriella Melchiorre, Barbara D’Amen, Sabrina Quattrini, Giovanni Lamura and Marco Socci
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(12), 7413; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127413 - 16 Jun 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3301
Abstract
When frail older people age alone in place, with increasing functional limitations, they require support in performing daily living activities. In this respect, it is important to assess their preferences in terms of future housing solutions, and their opinions/orientations on the care responsibilities [...] Read more.
When frail older people age alone in place, with increasing functional limitations, they require support in performing daily living activities. In this respect, it is important to assess their preferences in terms of future housing solutions, and their opinions/orientations on the care responsibilities of both family and public services. The present study aimed to explore these aspects in Italy. Qualitative interviews were carried out in 2019 within the “Inclusive ageing in place” (IN-AGE) research project, involving 120 frail older people who lived at home in three Italian regions (Lombardy, Marche, and Calabria). A content analysis was conducted, and some quantifications of interviewees’ statements were provided. The results revealed that the majority of seniors prefer ageing at home, at least with a personal care assistant (PCA), whereas moving to a nursing home is typically deemed as a last option. Moreover, they considered the family to be primarily responsible for taking care of them, even with the support of public services. In addition, some territorial differences emerged. Strengthening an integrated model of long-term care (LTC) for older people, where both formal and informal supports allow frail older people to age at home, seems thus a good overall policy solution to pursue, with interventions based also on the needs and preferences of both seniors and their respective families. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Developments in Long-Term Care for Older People between Residential and Community-Based Services)
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