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Oral Diseases: Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment
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Oral Diseases: Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 16454

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Razia Abdool Gafaar G. Khammissa

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
Interests: periodontics; oral medicine; implantology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Oral medicine is a discipline of dentistry that fosters the link between medical health and dental health. It is a specialty that deals with the diagnosis and non-surgical management of almost all of these oral conditions/lesions. It has been recognized as an important subspecialty of dentistry in many parts of the world; however, there is still a significant gap in the knowledge pertaining to this subspecialty and, consequently, in the management of patients presenting with oral lesions/conditions.

Today, dentists face a number of challenges, including having to manage not only young and healthy patients, but also older patients who have a number of chronic illnesses, and to further exacerbate the challenges they face, these dentists appear to have a lack of awareness and understanding about the oral medicine profession. It is evident that dentists have the potential to improve the quality of and access to oral healthcare, and should be provided with the knowledge and skills to identify and manage patients presenting with oral lesions/conditions and understand the importance of referral and a multidisciplinary approach in the management of these conditions.

The purpose of this Special Issue is to showcase common and important oral lesions or conditions that affect the oral cavity and their prevention, diagnosis and management.

Prof. Dr. Razia Abdool Gafaar G. Khammissa
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • oral medicine
  • oral lesions
  • oral health
  • multidisciplinary approach
  • soft tissue lesions

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 320 KiB  
Article
Provision of Public Dental Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Experiences of Dental Staff in Greater Western Sydney, Australia
by Tiffany Patterson-Norrie, Ariana Kong, Albert Yaacoub, Ravi Srinivas, Shwetha G. Kezhekkekara and Ajesh George
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(11), 1451; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21111451 - 31 Oct 2024
Viewed by 503
Abstract
Background and aim: The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic led to significant changes in health service delivery. Despite the risk in high-exposure environments, frontline workers such as dental staff were expected to continue delivering essential services. This study specifically sought to explore the experiences of [...] Read more.
Background and aim: The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic led to significant changes in health service delivery. Despite the risk in high-exposure environments, frontline workers such as dental staff were expected to continue delivering essential services. This study specifically sought to explore the experiences of dental staff in New South Wales and determine their perceptions of dental care delivery during a pandemic. Methods: Purposive sampling was used to recruit twenty-four dental staff from two local health districts. A deductive framework, as described by Braun and Clark, was used to analyse the transcripts. Four major focus areas were identified: responding to protocol changes, adapting to the impact of changes in policy and protocol, modifying dental treatment planning and recommendations for training and implementation of policies. Results: Dental staff reported that management staff were doing all they could and were most supported working in a team. Reduced contact with patients and personal protective equipment helped staff feel safe when seeing patients. Mental health and remote dentistry services could be more supported. Conclusions: Unique challenges were experienced by dental staff and their management during the global COVID-19 pandemic. Future considerations include improved support for staff and further investigation into the effectiveness of options such as teledentistry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Diseases: Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment)
10 pages, 1460 KiB  
Article
Incidental Pathologic Findings from Orthodontic Pretreatment Panoramic Radiographs
by Phumzile Hlongwa, Mpule Annah Lerato Moshaoa, Charity Musemwa and Razia Abdool Gafaar Khammissa
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(4), 3479; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043479 - 16 Feb 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2497
Abstract
Panoramic radiography is frequently performed for new patients, follow-ups and treatment in progress. This enables dental clinicians to detect pathology, view important structures, and assess developing teeth. The objective of the study was to determine prevalence of incidental pathologic findings (IPFs) from orthodontic [...] Read more.
Panoramic radiography is frequently performed for new patients, follow-ups and treatment in progress. This enables dental clinicians to detect pathology, view important structures, and assess developing teeth. The objective of the study was to determine prevalence of incidental pathologic findings (IPFs) from orthodontic pretreatment panoramic radiographs at a university dental hospital. A retrospective cross-sectional review was conducted of pretreatment panoramic radiographs, using data collection sheets with predefined criteria. Demographic data and abnormalities (impacted teeth, widening of periodontal ligament, pulp stones, rotated teeth, missing teeth, unerupted teeth, crowding, spacing, supernumerary teeth, and retained deciduous teeth) were reviewed. SPSS 28.0 was used to analyze data with statistical tests set at a 5% significance level. Results: One hundred panoramic radiographs were analyzed with an age range of 7 to 57 years. The prevalence of IPFs was 38%. A total of 47 IPFs were detected with altered tooth morphology predominantly (n = 17). Most IPFs occurred in males (55.3%), with 44.7% in females. A total of 49.2% were in the maxilla and 50.8% in the mandible. This difference was statistically significant (p < 0.0475). Other abnormalities were detected in 76% of panoramic radiographs; 33 with IPFs and 43 without. A total of 134 other abnormalities detected showed predominantly impacted teeth (n = 49). Most of these abnormalities were in females (n = 77). Conclusions: The prevalence of IPFs was 38%, predominated by altered tooth morphology, idiopathic osteosclerosis, and periapical inflammatory lesions. Detection of IPFs from panoramic radiographs underscored the importance for clinicians to examine them for comprehensive diagnosis and treatment planning, especially in orthodontics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Diseases: Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment)
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13 pages, 1652 KiB  
Article
Oral Health-Related Quality of Life among Chinese Chronic Orofacial Pain Patients with Psychological Health Problems: A Moderated Mediation Model
by Ze-Yue Ou-Yang, Yao Feng, Yi-Fan Yang, Ning-Xin Chen, Xiao-Lin Su, Qian Zhang, Meng-Mei Zhong, Jing Hu, Qin Ye, Jie Zhao, Ya-Qiong Zhao, Yun Chen, Li Tan, Qiong Liu, Yun-Zhi Feng and Yue Guo
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(4), 3244; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043244 - 13 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1858
Abstract
Psychological therapies are important for comprehensive chronic orofacial pain (COFP) treatment. This study is to validate the effects of psychological factors on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among COFP patients in China. Pain catastrophizing, which is a subjective cognitive emotion used to [...] Read more.
Psychological therapies are important for comprehensive chronic orofacial pain (COFP) treatment. This study is to validate the effects of psychological factors on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among COFP patients in China. Pain catastrophizing, which is a subjective cognitive emotion used to manage the psychological aspects of pain among COFP patients, was examined in relation to COFP severity and OHRQoL. All 479 participants were recruited in Changsha, Hunan Province, China. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients (0.868–0.960), composite reliability scores (0.924–0.969), and average variance extracted from each construct (0.555–0.753) all indicated a good model fit. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that age and education status have a positive correlation with COFP severity, pain catastrophizing, and anxiety. COFP severity was related to anxiety, depression, and COFP-OHRQoL. Pain catastrophizing was related to employment status. Anxiety and depression symptoms indirectly mediated the correlation between COFP severity and COFP-OHRQoL. As a second-stage moderator, pain catastrophizing moderated the mediating effects of anxiety symptoms and depression symptoms. Our findings suggest that anxiety, depression, and pain catastrophizing should be evaluated jointly to improve COFP-OHRQoL among COFP patients. This evidence will help therapists to comprehensively treat patients for the best treatment effect. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Diseases: Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment)
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Review

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12 pages, 1318 KiB  
Review
Oral Piercing: A Pretty Risk—A Scoping Review of Local and Systemic Complications of This Current Widespread Fashion
by Giuseppina Malcangi, Assunta Patano, Giulia Palmieri, Lilla Riccaldo, Carmela Pezzolla, Antonio Mancini, Alessio Danilo Inchingolo, Daniela Di Venere, Fabio Piras, Francesco Inchingolo, Gianna Dipalma and Angelo Michele Inchingolo
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(9), 5744; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20095744 - 8 May 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4307
Abstract
Piercing insertion is a common practice among people of all ages for different reasons (e.g., esthetics, culture, religion). In the oral cavity, the jewel can be placed in the lips, cheeks, tongue, and frenulum. The presence of an oral piercing could cause local [...] Read more.
Piercing insertion is a common practice among people of all ages for different reasons (e.g., esthetics, culture, religion). In the oral cavity, the jewel can be placed in the lips, cheeks, tongue, and frenulum. The presence of an oral piercing could cause local and systemic complications in the short term. In the long term, irreversible damage may occur to the hard and soft tissues of the oral cavity. Different authors in the past have produced publications focusing on this issue. This study analyzes 10 published articles sourced from online databases according to the PRISMA flowchart. These articles were chosen from the 501 suitable papers initially found. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were used as the online databases for searching for papers that matched the topic, using the keywords “complication” and “oral piercing”. The purpose of this review is to describe and analyze all possible complications related to the presence of a piercing in the mouth. Local and systemic complications are related to the presence of plaque and localized pathogenic micro-organisms that can spread via the bloodstream, although they rarely occur in patients without predisposing conditions. Maintaining proper oral hygiene and frequent check-ups are essential to avoid the onset of complications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Diseases: Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment)
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10 pages, 748 KiB  
Review
Tumour Genetic Heterogeneity in Relation to Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Anti-Cancer Treatment
by Gal Feller, Razia Abdool Gafaar Khammissa, Raoul Ballyram, Mia-Michaela Beetge, Johan Lemmer and Liviu Feller
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(3), 2392; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032392 - 29 Jan 2023
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2589
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) represents more than 90% of all oral cancers and is the most frequent SCC of the head and neck region. It may affect any oral mucosal subsite but most frequently the tongue, followed by the floor of the [...] Read more.
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) represents more than 90% of all oral cancers and is the most frequent SCC of the head and neck region. It may affect any oral mucosal subsite but most frequently the tongue, followed by the floor of the mouth. The use of tobacco and betel nut, either smoked or chewed, and abuse of alcohol are the main risk factors for oral SCC. Oral SCC is characterized by considerable genetic heterogeneity and diversity, which together have a significant impact on the biological behaviour, clinical course, and response to treatment and on the generally poor prognosis of this carcinoma. Characterization of spatial and temporal tumour-specific molecular profiles and of person-specific resource availability and environmental and biological selective pressures could assist in personalizing anti-cancer treatment for individual patients, with the aim of improving treatment outcomes. In this narrative review, we discuss some of the events in cancer evolution and the functional significance of driver-mutations in carcinoma-related genes in general and elaborate on mechanisms mediating resistance to anti-cancer treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Diseases: Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment)
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Other

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19 pages, 1033 KiB  
Systematic Review
White Spots: Prevention in Orthodontics—Systematic Review of the Literature
by Assunta Patano, Giuseppina Malcangi, Roberta Sardano, Antonio Mastrodonato, Grazia Garofoli, Antonio Mancini, Alessio Danilo Inchingolo, Daniela Di Venere, Francesco Inchingolo, Gianna Dipalma and Angelo Michele Inchingolo
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(8), 5608; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20085608 - 21 Apr 2023
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3851
Abstract
Early-stage dental demineralization, called white spots (WS), get their name from the characteristic colour that enamel takes on due to the acid attack of salivary cariogenic bacteria. They are often associated with fixed orthodontic therapy (FOT) and, if left untreated, evolve into caries [...] Read more.
Early-stage dental demineralization, called white spots (WS), get their name from the characteristic colour that enamel takes on due to the acid attack of salivary cariogenic bacteria. They are often associated with fixed orthodontic therapy (FOT) and, if left untreated, evolve into caries with repercussions on oral health and dental aesthetics. This review aims to identify the most effective prophylaxis strategies to prevent WS during FOT. The search for the reviewed studies was conducted on the Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, selecting English-only articles published in the 5 years from January 2018 to January 2023. The keywords used were “WS” and “fixed orthodontic*”, using “AND” as the Boolean operator. A total of 16 studies were included for qualitative analysis. Prevention begins with maintaining proper oral hygiene; fluoride in toothpaste, mouthwashes, gels, varnishes, and sealants can be added to prophylaxis and used regularly. Using a laser in combination with fluoride helps prevent the occurrence of WS and assists in the repair processes of initial lesions. Further studies are needed to establish international guidelines for preventing WS in orthodontically treated patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Diseases: Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment)
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