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25 pages, 3662 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Finite Elements Analysis of Tooth—A Comparative Analysis of Multiple Failure Criteria

by Radu Andrei Moga, Cristian Doru Olteanu, Botez Mircea Daniel and Stefan Marius Buru

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(5), 4133; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054133 - 25 Feb 2023

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 1847

Abstract

Herein Finite elements analysis (FEA) study assesses the adequacy and accuracy of five failure criteria (Von Mises (VM), Tresca, maximum principal (S1), minimum principal (S3), and Hydrostatic pressure) for the study of tooth as a structure (made of enamel, dentin, and cement), along [...] Read more.

Herein Finite elements analysis (FEA) study assesses the adequacy and accuracy of five failure criteria (Von Mises (VM), Tresca, maximum principal (S1), minimum principal (S3), and Hydrostatic pressure) for the study of tooth as a structure (made of enamel, dentin, and cement), along with its stress absorption–dissipation ability. Eighty-one 3D models of the second lower premolar (with intact and 1–8 mm reduced periodontium) were subjected to five orthodontic forces (intrusion, extrusion, tipping, rotation, and translation) of 0.5 N (approx. 50 gf) (in a total of 405 FEA simulations). Only the Tresca and VM criteria showed biomechanically correct stress display during the 0–8 mm periodontal breakdown simulation, while the other three showed various unusual biomechanical stress display. All five failure criteria displayed comparable quantitative stress results (with Tresca and VM producing the highest of all), showing the rotational and translational movements to produce the highest amount of stress, while intrusion and extrusion, the lowest. The tooth structure absorbed and dissipated most of the stress produced by the orthodontic loads (from a total of 0.5 N/50 gf only 0.125 N/12.5 gf reached PDL and 0.01 N/1 gf the pulp and NVB). The Tresca criterion seems to be more accurate than Von Mises for the study of tooth as structure. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Digital Dentistry and Prosthodontics)

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12 pages, 2446 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical Assessment Tool to Measure Realism in Clinical Simulation

by Gleyvis Coro-Montanet, María Jesús Pardo Monedero, Julia Sánchez Ituarte, Helena Wagner Porto Rocha and Carmen Gomar Sancho

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(3), 2247; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032247 - 27 Jan 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1916

Abstract

Realism is indispensable in clinical simulation learning, and the objective of this work is to present to the scientific community the methodology behind a novel numerical and digital tool to objectively measure realism in clinical simulation. Indicators measuring accuracy and naturality constitute ProRealSim [...] Read more.

Realism is indispensable in clinical simulation learning, and the objective of this work is to present to the scientific community the methodology behind a novel numerical and digital tool to objectively measure realism in clinical simulation. Indicators measuring accuracy and naturality constitute ProRealSim v.1.0 (Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain) which allows the assessing of attained realism for three dimensions: simulated participant, scenography, and simulator. Twelve experts in simulation-based learning (SBL) analyzed the conceptual relevance of 73 initial qualitative indicators that were then reduced to 53 final indicators after a screening study evaluating eight medical clinical simulation scenarios. Inter- and intra-observer concordance, correlation, and internal consistency were calculated, and an exploratory factorial analysis was conducted. Realism units were weighted based on variability and its mathematical contribution to global and dimensional realism. A statistical significance of p < 0.05 was applied and internal consistency was significant in all cases (raw_alpha ≥ 0.9698094). ProRealSim v.1.0 is integrated into a bilingual, free, and open access digital platform, and the intention is to foster a culture of interpretation of realism for its better study and didactic use. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Digital Dentistry and Prosthodontics)

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15 pages, 2727 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessment of the Maximum Amount of Orthodontic Force for PDL in Intact and Reduced Periodontium (Part I)

by Radu Andrei Moga, Cristian Doru Olteanu, Mircea Botez and Stefan Marius Buru

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(3), 1889; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20031889 - 19 Jan 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1826

Abstract

This study examines 0.6 N and 1.2 N as the maximum orthodontic force for periodontal ligament (PDL) at multiple levels of periodontal breakdown, and the relationships with the ischemic, necrotic, and resorptive risks. Additionally, this study evaluates if Tresca failure criteria is more [...] Read more.

This study examines 0.6 N and 1.2 N as the maximum orthodontic force for periodontal ligament (PDL) at multiple levels of periodontal breakdown, and the relationships with the ischemic, necrotic, and resorptive risks. Additionally, this study evaluates if Tresca failure criteria is more adequate for the PDL study. Eighty-one 3D models (from nine patients; nine models/patients) with the 2nd lower premolar and different degrees of bone loss (0–8 mm) where subjected to intrusion, extrusion, rotation, translation, and tipping movements. Tresca shear stress was assessed individually for each movement and bone loss level. Rotation and translation produced the highest PDL stresses, while intrusion and extrusion determined the lowest. Apical and middle third PDL stresses were lower than the cervical stress. In intact periodontium, the amount of shear stress produced by the two investigated forces was lower than the 16 KPa of the maximum physiological hydrostatic pressure (MHP). In reduced periodontium (1–8 mm tissue loss), the apical amount of PDL shear stress was lower than MHP for both applied forces, while cervically for rotation, translation and tipping movements exceeded 16 KPa. Additionally, 1.2 N could be used in intact periodontium (i.e., without risks) and for the reduced periodontium only in the apical and middle third of PDL up to 8 mm of bone loss. However, for avoiding any resorptive risks, in the cervical third of PDL, the rotation, translation, and tipping movements require less than 0.2–0.4 N of force after 4 mm of loss. Tresca seems to be more adequate for the study of PDL than other criteria. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Digital Dentistry and Prosthodontics)

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17 pages, 3340 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Haptic and Force Feedback Technology in Dental Education: A Bibliometric Analysis

by Min-Hsun Hsu and Yu-Chao Chang

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(2), 1318; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021318 - 11 Jan 2023

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2286

Abstract

The haptic and force feedback technology has received an increasing attention in dental schools due to its effectiveness in psychomotor skill training. However, the bibliometric analysis on haptic and force feedback technology in dental education is still scarce. Therefore, the aim of this [...] Read more.

The haptic and force feedback technology has received an increasing attention in dental schools due to its effectiveness in psychomotor skill training. However, the bibliometric analysis on haptic and force feedback technology in dental education is still scarce. Therefore, the aim of this study was to perform a bibliometric analysis of the development of haptic and force feedback technology and its changing trends in dental education. From 1 January 2001 to 30 November 2022, all papers published on haptic and force feedback technology were searched from the Web of Science Core Collection database. These data were then entered into Apple Numbers for descriptive bibliometric analysis and visualized using VOSviewer software. A total of 85 articles were retrieved following the inclusive and exclusive criteria. The results demonstrated that USA and China exhibited the most publications. The combination of correspondence author and author co-citation analysis identified the more prominent authors in this research field. The top-cited and the average citation count per year ranking led to different views of popularity. A significant increase in the number of haptic and force feedback technology publications were found in the last two years. Virtual reality is the main keyword that indicates more new integrative applications currently underway. Taken together, this study provides a detailed bibliographic analysis of haptic and force feedback technology in dental education to indicate representative authors, literatures, keywords, and trends. These detailed data will help researchers, teachers, and dental students as a very useful information when trying to make haptic and force feedback technology more prevalent in dental education in the near further. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Digital Dentistry and Prosthodontics)

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16 pages, 9294 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessment of the Maximum Amount of Orthodontic Force for Dental Pulp and Apical Neuro-Vascular Bundle in Intact and Reduced Periodontium on Bicuspids (Part II)

by Radu Andrei Moga, Cristian Doru Olteanu, Mircea Botez and Stefan Marius Buru

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(2), 1179; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021179 - 9 Jan 2023

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1710

Abstract

This study examines 0.6 N–4.8 N as the maximum orthodontic force to be applied to dental pulp and apical NVB on intact and 1–8 mm reduced periodontal-ligament (PDL), in connection with movement and ischemic, necrotic and resorptive risk. In addition, it examines whether [...] Read more.

This study examines 0.6 N–4.8 N as the maximum orthodontic force to be applied to dental pulp and apical NVB on intact and 1–8 mm reduced periodontal-ligament (PDL), in connection with movement and ischemic, necrotic and resorptive risk. In addition, it examines whether the Tresca finite-element-analysis (FEA) criterion is more adequate for the examination of dental pulp and its apical NVB. Eighty-one (nine patients, with nine models for each patient) anatomically correct models of the periodontium, with the second lower-premolar reconstructed with its apical NVB and dental pulp were assembled, based on X-ray CBCT (cone-beam-computed-tomography) examinations and subjected to 0.6 N, 1.2 N, 2.4 N and 4.8 N of intrusion, extrusion, translation, rotation, and tipping. The Tresca failure criterion was applied, and the shear stress was assessed. Forces of 0.6 N, 1.2 N, and 2.4 N had negligible effects on apical NVB and dental pulp up to 8 mm of periodontal breakdown. A force of 4.8 N was safely applied to apical NVB on the intact periodontium only. Rotation and tipping seemed to be the most invasive movements for the apical NVB. For the dental pulp, only the translation and rotation movements seemed to display a particular risk of ischemia, necrosis, and internal orthodontic-resorption for both coronal (0–8 mm of loss) and radicular pulp (4–8 mm of loss), despite the amount of stress being lower than the MHP. The Tresca failure criterion seems more suitable than other criteria for apical NVB and dental pulp. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Digital Dentistry and Prosthodontics)

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17 pages, 8633 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessment of the Best FEA Failure Criteria (Part II): Investigation of the Biomechanical Behavior of Dental Pulp and Apical-Neuro-Vascular Bundle in Intact and Reduced Periodontium

by Radu Andrei Moga, Stefan Marius Buru and Cristian Doru Olteanu

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(23), 15635; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315635 - 24 Nov 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1551

Abstract

The aim of this study was to biomechanically assess the behavior of apical neuro-vascular bundles (NVB) and dental pulp employing Tresca, Von Mises, Pressure, S1 and S3 failure criterions in a gradual periodontal breakdown under orthodontic movements. Additionally, it was to assess the [...] Read more.

The aim of this study was to biomechanically assess the behavior of apical neuro-vascular bundles (NVB) and dental pulp employing Tresca, Von Mises, Pressure, S1 and S3 failure criterions in a gradual periodontal breakdown under orthodontic movements. Additionally, it was to assess the accuracy of failure criteria, correlation with the maximum hydrostatic pressure (MHP), and the amount of force safe for reduced periodontium. Based on cone-beam computed tomography, 81 3D models of the second lower premolar were subjected to 0.5 N of intrusion, extrusion, rotation, tipping, and translation. A Finite Elements Analysis (FEA) was performed. In intact and reduced periodontium apical NVB, stress (predominant in all criteria) was significantly higher than dental pulp stress, but lower than MHP. VM and Tresca displayed identical results, with added pulpal stress in translation and rotation. S1, S3 and Pressure showed stress in the apical NVB area. 0.5 N seems safe up to 8 mm periodontal breakdown. A clear difference between failure criteria for dental pulp and apical NVB cannot be proved based only on the correlation quantitative results-MHP. Tresca and VM (adequate for ductile materials) showed equivalent results with the lowest amounts of stress. The employed failure criteria must be selected based on the type of material to be analyzed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Digital Dentistry and Prosthodontics)

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18 pages, 3114 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessment of the Best FEA Failure Criteria (Part I): Investigation of the Biomechanical Behavior of PDL in Intact and Reduced Periodontium

by Radu Andrei Moga, Stefan Marius Buru and Cristian Doru Olteanu

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(19), 12424; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912424 - 29 Sep 2022

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 1816

Abstract

The accuracy of five failure criterions employed in the study of periodontal ligaments (PDL) during periodontal breakdown under orthodontic movements was assessed. Based on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) examinations, nine 3D models of the second lower premolar with intact periodontium were created and [...] Read more.

The accuracy of five failure criterions employed in the study of periodontal ligaments (PDL) during periodontal breakdown under orthodontic movements was assessed. Based on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) examinations, nine 3D models of the second lower premolar with intact periodontium were created and individually subjected to various levels of horizontal bone loss. 0.5 N of intrusion, extrusion, rotation, tipping, and translation was applied. A finite Elements Analysis (FEA) was performed, and stresses were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed. In intact periodontium, Tresca and Von Mises (VM) stresses were lower than maximum physiological hydrostatic pressure (MHP), while maximum principal stress S1, minimum principal stress S3, and pressure were higher. In reduced periodontium, Tresca and VM stresses were lower than MHP for intrusion, extrusion, and the apical third of the periodontal ligament for the other movements. 0.5 N of rotation, translation and tipping induced cervical third stress exceeding MHP. Only Tresca (quantitatively more accurate) and VM are adequate for the study of PDL (resemblance to ductile), being qualitatively similar. A 0.5 N force seems safe in the intact periodontium, and for intrusion and extrusion up to 8 mm bone loss. The amount of force should be reduced to 0.1–0.2 N for rotation, 0.15–0.3 N for translation and 0.2–0.4 N for tipping in 4–8 mm periodontal breakdown. S1, S3, and pressure criteria provided only qualitative results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Digital Dentistry and Prosthodontics)

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11 pages, 2134 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Perception of Realism and Acquisition of Clinical Skills in Simulated Pediatric Dentistry Scenarios

by Begoña Bartolomé Villar, Irene Real Benlloch, Ana De la Hoz Calvo and Gleyvis Coro-Montanet

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(18), 11387; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811387 - 9 Sep 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1919

Abstract

Simulation, depending on the modality and fidelity of the scenarios, is an important resource for clinical teaching and achievement of learning outcomes in dentistry. The objectives of this study were to compare the degree of realism perceived by students and teachers in a [...] Read more.

Simulation, depending on the modality and fidelity of the scenarios, is an important resource for clinical teaching and achievement of learning outcomes in dentistry. The objectives of this study were to compare the degree of realism perceived by students and teachers in a simulated scenario, and to assess the level of competence acquired by the students. Method: In the Pediatric Dentistry course, eight clinical scenarios were carried out, each one using a modified Erler Zimmer child simulator (handmade), a professional actress and two students (dentist and assistant) on the same pediatric dentistry case consisting of a pulp abscess in tooth 8.5. A total of 114 students in the 4th year of dentistry studies participated in the pediatric dentistry course. Questionnaires with Likert-type answers were elaborated to evaluate the educational intervention, applying them before and after the simulation. Results: The realism best valued by the students was that of the simulated participant and the worst that of the manikin, the latter being strongly related to the realism of the office. It was observed that students’ perception of clinical competence increased as the overall realism of the scenario increased (p-value = 0.00576). Conclusion: This research suggests that the creation of scenarios using handmade mannequins and simulated participants achieves a high level of realism, increasing the level of clinical competence perceived by dental students. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Digital Dentistry and Prosthodontics)

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12 pages, 549 KiB

Open AccessArticle

by Adrián Curto, Alejandro Alvarado-Lorenzo, Alberto Albaladejo and Alfonso Alvarado-Lorenzo

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(17), 10767; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710767 - 29 Aug 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2703

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and anxiety levels of adult patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed multibracket appliances. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out at the Dental Clinic of the University of [...] Read more.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and anxiety levels of adult patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed multibracket appliances. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out at the Dental Clinic of the University of Salamanca in 2021. It included 120 adult patients between 19 and 45 years of age undergoing orthodontic treatment with conventional metal brackets. The data collection instruments chosen were the state–trait anxiety inventory (STAI) to assess anxiety levels and the OHIP-14 questionnaire to measure the OHRQoL. Anxiety levels and OHRQoL were analyzed one month after starting treatment. Results: The mean age was 31.7 years ± 6.5 years; 68 patients were women (56.7%) and 52 were men (43.3%). Psychological disability was the dimension of the OHIP-14 questionnaire that was found to have the greatest impact (3.20 ± 1.08) on patients, as compared to the dimension of disability, which had the lowest impact on the oral-health quality of life (0.37 ± 0.56). The mean total score of the OHIP-14 questionnaire was 11.93 (±2.19). There was no statistically significant influence from either sex or age on the anxiety and oral-health quality of life of the participants; however, there was a significant relationship between the dimensions of physical disability and anxiety traits. Conclusions: The physical disability dimension of the OHIP-14 questionnaire increased the anxiety level of adult patients treated with conventional brackets. The impact of orthodontic treatment on adult patients may negatively influence their levels of anxiety. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Digital Dentistry and Prosthodontics)

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14 pages, 4750 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Three-Dimensional Analysis of the Pulp Chamber and Coronal Tooth of Primary Molars: An In Vitro Study

by Montserrat Diéguez-Pérez and Jesús Miguel Ticona-Flores

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(15), 9279; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159279 - 29 Jul 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3036

Abstract

The anatomical variability of primary molars promotes research to improve clinical restorative activity, forensic identification, and industrial development. The objective was to study the morphology of the pulp chamber and its three-dimensional relationship with the external morphology of the tooth. A total of [...] Read more.

The anatomical variability of primary molars promotes research to improve clinical restorative activity, forensic identification, and industrial development. The objective was to study the morphology of the pulp chamber and its three-dimensional relationship with the external morphology of the tooth. A total of 151 deciduous molars were collected and subjected to three-dimensional imaging analysis in order to determine dental crown (CV) and pulp chamber (PV) volumes, their ratio (VR), pulp chamber roof (PCR) and pulp chamber floor (PCF) area, the furcation length (FD), and morphological peculiarities. The data were compared using the Kruskal–Wallis test in SPSS 26 software. The statistical analysis determined statistically significant differences between the four groups of molars for all variables. Great anatomical variability was observed, especially in the maxillary first molar, the volumes were higher in the maxillary second molar and the highest risk of furcal perforation was seen in the mandibular first molar. Additionally, mandibular second molars with six pulp horns, and some different density images compatible with accessory canals and pulp stones were found. Based on the findings of this investigation, we confirm the great anatomical variability that exists between the maxillary and mandibular molars. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Digital Dentistry and Prosthodontics)

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17 pages, 4041 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBTC) Applied to the Study of Root Morphological Characteristics of Deciduous Teeth: An In Vitro Study

by Jesús Ticona-Flores and Montserrat Diéguez-Pérez

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(15), 9162; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159162 - 27 Jul 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2101

Abstract

Pulp therapy in primary teeth is a challenge for a dentist, therefore, a better understanding of the anatomical characteristics of this tissue is essential to remedy these deficiencies. The aim of this study was to determine the morphological peculiarities of the root canals [...] Read more.

Pulp therapy in primary teeth is a challenge for a dentist, therefore, a better understanding of the anatomical characteristics of this tissue is essential to remedy these deficiencies. The aim of this study was to determine the morphological peculiarities of the root canals of extracted deciduous molars by Cone-Beam computed tomography (CBCT). As such, healthy molars without physiological resorption were collected and sanitized. After analyzing descriptive and inferential statistics, the results show that 56% of lower molar roots have a Weine’s type III canal configuration; the upper and lower second molars are significantly larger compared to the first, with a mean of 8.318 (±1.313) mm and 7.757 (±1.286) mm, respectively. Additionally, the palatine canals exhibited greater volume than the others, with a mean of 3.687 mm³. There are multiple discrepancies in the molars that have been studied in other investigations. The presence of a supernumerary root in the mandibular molars, a smaller dimension of the root canals and a more evident apical angulation are more obvious. The discovery of great anatomical versatility in the posterior dental group is an aspect applicable to root therapy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Digital Dentistry and Prosthodontics)

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15 pages, 1405 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Digital Tools for Translucence Evaluation of Prosthodontic Materials: Application of Kubelka-Munk Theory

by Milagros Adobes-Martín, Natividad Alcón, María Victoria López-Mollá, Javier Gámez-Payá and Estibaliz López-Fernández

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(8), 4697; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084697 - 13 Apr 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2002

Abstract

Translucency is one of the most important parameters to be considered by digital systems when predicting the matching appearance and hence the quality of prosthodontic restoration work. Our objective has been to improve the effectiveness of the algorithmic decision systems employed by these [...] Read more.

Translucency is one of the most important parameters to be considered by digital systems when predicting the matching appearance and hence the quality of prosthodontic restoration work. Our objective has been to improve the effectiveness of the algorithmic decision systems employed by these devices by (a) determining whether Kubelka-Munk theory can be used as an algorithm for predicting restoration suitability, and (b) evaluating the correlation between the visual evaluation of prosthodontic materials and the predicted translucency based on the use of the ΔE*, OP, CR, and K/S algorithms. In this regard, three zirconia systems and one lithium disilicate have been spectrophotometrically and visually characterized. Based on the results of this study, it has been proven that zirconia systems and lithium disilicate systems exhibit different optical behaviors. The psychophysical experience suggests that none of the existing mathematical methods can adequately estimate translucency, spectrophotometric, and colorimetric techniques, and that which is perceived by an experienced observer. However, translucency evaluation through the K/S algorithmic decision system should not be disregarded. New methods to measure translucency should be developed to improve digital systems for prosthodontic applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Digital Dentistry and Prosthodontics)

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14 pages, 4416 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Application of the Intraoral Scanner in the Diagnosis of Dental Wear: An In Vivo Study of Tooth Wear Analysis

by Victor Díaz-Flores García, Yolanda Freire, Susana David Fernández, Beatriz Tomás Murillo and Margarita Gómez Sánchez

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(8), 4481; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084481 - 8 Apr 2022

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3101

Abstract

In recent years, there has been an increase in the incidence of dental wear; thus, an early diagnosis is important. Conventional methods of diagnosis are based primarily on the visual abilities of the dentist, and therefore the use of new technologies for the [...] Read more.

In recent years, there has been an increase in the incidence of dental wear; thus, an early diagnosis is important. Conventional methods of diagnosis are based primarily on the visual abilities of the dentist, and therefore the use of new technologies for the detection of dental wear may be very useful. The aim of the study was to analyze the sensitivity and specificity of the intraoral scanner for measuring dental wear, as well as to evaluate patients’ satisfaction with the use of the scanner. The study was conducted with 46 volunteers who underwent three intraoral analyses: a first baseline scanning, a second scanning after 6 months and a final scanning after one year performed by four operators divided into two groups. One of the operators performed the visual analysis of dental wear, and the other performed the analysis using the intraoral scanner 3M™ True Definition intraoral scanner (ESPE, Seefeld, Germany). The data obtained from the intraoral scanner showed levels of specificity and sensitivity that enable the intraoral scanner to be used as a diagnostic tool in the assessment of tooth wear. The participants also showed a high degree of satisfaction with the scanner as a communication tool. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Digital Dentistry and Prosthodontics)

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17 pages, 3731 KiB

Open AccessArticle

In Vivo Complete-Arch Implant Digital Impressions: Comparison of the Precision of Three Optical Impression Systems

by Jaime Orejas-Perez, Beatriz Gimenez-Gonzalez, Ignacio Ortiz-Collado, Israel J. Thuissard and Andrea Santamaria-Laorden

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(7), 4300; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074300 - 3 Apr 2022

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3370

Abstract

(1) Multiple in vitro studies reported insufficient accuracy of intraoral scanners (IOSs) for complete-arch multiple implant impression. The aim of the study is to analyze the precision of three IOSs, PIC dental (Pic dental, Iditec North West SL), TRIOS 3 (3Shape), and True [...] Read more.

(1) Multiple in vitro studies reported insufficient accuracy of intraoral scanners (IOSs) for complete-arch multiple implant impression. The aim of the study is to analyze the precision of three IOSs, PIC dental (Pic dental, Iditec North West SL), TRIOS 3 (3Shape), and True Definition (Midmark Corporation) and the influence of several factors in the edentulous complete maxillary and mandibular arch. (2) A fully edentulous patient with eight implants in the maxillary and in the mandibular jaw was selected. Five impressions were taken per system and arch. A suprastructure was designed on each digital working cast. The precision was analyzed comparing each of the 28 distances and seven relative angulations of the abutments of all the designed suprastructures. The descriptive statistics, the Student’s t-test, and the ANOVA test were used to analyze the data (α = 0.05). (3) Significant differences were observed when comparing the IOSs in some of the distances and angulations. (4) The increase in the distance between implants affected the precision of T and TD but not the PIC system. The type of arch did not affect the PIC precision, but the T and TD systems performed worse in the mandibular arch. The system with the best precision was the PIC, followed by TD, and then T. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Digital Dentistry and Prosthodontics)

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14 pages, 2477 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Train Strategies for Haptic and 3D Simulators to Improve the Learning Process in Dentistry Students

by Gleyvis Coro-Montanet, María Jesús Pardo Monedero, Julia Sánchez Ituarte and Ana de la Hoz Calvo

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(7), 4081; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074081 - 30 Mar 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1927

Abstract

Dental training faces the growing shortage of extracted teeth and the ethical precepts of Bionot learning on patients and reducing the environmental damage that preclinical trainings generate. Haptic and 3D simulators reproduce pathologies and provide a greater magnification of the processes, reducing water [...] Read more.

Dental training faces the growing shortage of extracted teeth and the ethical precepts of Bionot learning on patients and reducing the environmental damage that preclinical trainings generate. Haptic and 3D simulators reproduce pathologies and provide a greater magnification of the processes, reducing water expenditure and pollution, but their curricular integration is complex. Two resources of complementary use (informative written manual and video tutorial) were designed to facilitate the theoretical and technical domain (know how the simulator works and make it work), as well as the advanced management of the simulator (operate the simulator autonomously, without setbacks). After 5 years of using these resources, an evaluative study was conducted with 175 students and 32 teachers. The aim was to assess the student’s perception of knowledge/learning, its statistical relationship with the didactic resources used and compare these results with the teachers’ perception of their students’ knowledge/learning. Spearman’s Rho coefficient and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test were performed. Both students and teachers considered that the technical domain (make the simulator work) was the domain that prevailed the most. There was a tendency for students not to value much the necessity of a specific preparation prior to using the simulator. This tendency resulted in a low level of study of both the written manual and the video tutorial. In conclusion, both students and teachers considered that the best strategy of knowledge/learning was the direct exchange with the simulator. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Digital Dentistry and Prosthodontics)

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12 pages, 615 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Reliability of Tooth Width Measurements Delivered by the Clin-Check Pro 6.0 Software on Digital Casts: A Cross-Sectional Study

by Milagros Adobes Martin, Erica Lipani, Laura Bernes Martinez, Alfonso Alvarado Lorenzo, Riccardo Aiuto and Daniele Garcovich

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(6), 3581; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063581 - 17 Mar 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2150

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy and reliability of tooth width measurements and Bolton Indices delivered by the Clin-Check Pro 6.0 software (Align Technology, San José, CA, USA). Fifty-four plaster casts were selected and measured with a manual calliper [...] Read more.

The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy and reliability of tooth width measurements and Bolton Indices delivered by the Clin-Check Pro 6.0 software (Align Technology, San José, CA, USA). Fifty-four plaster casts were selected and measured with a manual calliper by a trained and calibrated observer. The data gathered were compared with those delivered by the software on the corresponding fifty-four virtual casts. The method reliability of the software was assessed by comparing the measurements performed by the software on 201 pairs of clin-checks corresponding to two consecutive treatment phases. Accuracy and reliability were statistically assessed using a mixed model. The software tends to provide larger widths compared with the manual method. Statistically significant differences were found in 23 teeth. At a global level, the mean difference between the methods was −0.19 mm, with a Dahlberg error of 0.24 mm and an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.98. The Bolton Indices delivered by the two methods had a moderate correlation (ICC = 0.59; 0.69). The within method reliability of the software was extremely high. Tooth width measurements delivered by the software, despite the positive bias, can be considered accurate and clinically acceptable for all teeth except molars. The Bolton Indices made available by the software are not accurate and clinically acceptable, especially in the case of mandibular excess. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Digital Dentistry and Prosthodontics)

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11 pages, 3178 KiB

Open AccessReview

Influence of Serum Vitamin D Levels on Survival Rate and Marginal Bone Loss in Dental Implants: A Systematic Review

by Santiago Bazal-Bonelli, Luis Sánchez-Labrador, Jorge Cortés-Bretón Brinkmann, Carlos Cobo-Vázquez, Natalia Martínez-Rodríguez, Tomás Beca-Campoy, Juan Santos-Marino, Emilio Rodríguez-Fernández and Mario Alvarado-Lorenzo

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(16), 10120; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610120 - 16 Aug 2022

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2671

Abstract

This systematic literature review set out to investigate the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and dental implants in terms of survival rates, marginal bone loss, and associated complications. The review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, performing an electronic search in four [...] Read more.

This systematic literature review set out to investigate the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and dental implants in terms of survival rates, marginal bone loss, and associated complications. The review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, performing an electronic search in four databases (Pubmed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scopus), complemented by a manual search up to April 2022. Four articles were selected for analysis. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale tool was used to assess the quality of evidence of cohort studies, and the Cochrane bias assessment tool was used to assess the quality of evidence of randomized clinical trials. The study included 1089 patients restored with 1984 dental implants, with follow-up periods ranging from 20–240 months. Cases presenting lower serum vitamin D levels obtained slightly worse results in terms of marginal bone loss. Longer follow-up periods are needed in order to determine whether serum vitamin D levels affect implant survival rates and osseointegration over time. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Digital Dentistry and Prosthodontics)

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Other

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6 pages, 16107 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Fully Digital Workflow for the Fabrication of Three-Dimensionally Printed Surgical Splints for Preventing Postoperative Bleeding: A Case Report

by Masanao Inokoshi, Yumika Soeda, Yo Akiyama, Kaori Ueda, Kazumasa Kubota and Shunsuke Minakuchi

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(19), 12773; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912773 - 6 Oct 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2434

Abstract

The management of postoperative bleeding is mandatory in patients receiving anticoagulants. In this case report, we introduce a fully digital workflow for surgical splint fabrication to prevent postoperative bleeding in patients receiving anticoagulants and/or at risk of inadvertent extraction of a mobile tooth [...] Read more.

The management of postoperative bleeding is mandatory in patients receiving anticoagulants. In this case report, we introduce a fully digital workflow for surgical splint fabrication to prevent postoperative bleeding in patients receiving anticoagulants and/or at risk of inadvertent extraction of a mobile tooth during impression making. An 87-year-old woman using apixaban had a left mandibular canine that required extraction due to chronic apical periodontitis. A digital impression was obtained using an intraoral scanner. First, the tooth to be extracted was deleted using three-dimensional (3D) computer-aided design (CAD) software (Geomagic Freeform, 3D Systems) and a stereolithography (STL) file was exported. This modified STL file was imported into another CAD software (3Shape Dental System, 3Shape) and a surgical splint was designed. The splint was fabricated using a 3D printer (Form 3; Formlabs) and light-curable resin (Dental LT Clear, Formlabs) and was delivered after the tooth extraction. The patient was followed-up 2 days after the extraction; no postoperative bleeding was detected and the surgical splint was removed. The additively manufactured surgical splint fabricated using a fully digital workflow was efficacious for managing postoperative bleeding after a dental extraction. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Digital Dentistry and Prosthodontics)

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8 pages, 628 KiB

Open AccessBrief Report

Youtube^TM Content Analysis as a Means of Information in Oral Medicine: A Systematic Review of the Literature

by Antonio Romano, Fausto Fiori, Massimo Petruzzi, Fedora Della Vella and Rosario Serpico

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(9), 5451; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095451 - 29 Apr 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1968

Abstract

Background: Oral medicine represents a complex branch of dentistry, involved in diagnosing and managing a wide range of disorders. Youtube^TM offers a huge source of information for users and patients affected by oral diseases. This systematic review aims to evaluate the reliability [...] Read more.

Background: Oral medicine represents a complex branch of dentistry, involved in diagnosing and managing a wide range of disorders. Youtube^TM offers a huge source of information for users and patients affected by oral diseases. This systematic review aims to evaluate the reliability of Youtube^TM oral medicine-related content as a valid dissemination aid. Methods: The MeSH terms “Youtube^TM” and “oral” have been searched by three search engines (PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library), and a systematic review has been performed; the PRISMA checklist has been followed in the search operations. Results: Initial results were 210. Ten studies definitely met our selection criteria. Conclusions: Youtube^TM represents a dynamic device capable of easy and rapid dissemination of medical-scientific content. Nevertheless, the most of information collected in the literature shows a lack of adequate knowledge and the need to utilize a peer-reviewing tool in order to avoid the spreading of misleading and dangerous content. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Digital Dentistry and Prosthodontics)

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