International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Research

18 pages, 424 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Depressive Symptoms of Public Health Medical Residents during the COVID-19 Pandemic, a Nation-Wide Survey: The PHRASI Study

by Fabrizio Cedrone, Nausicaa Berselli, Lorenzo Stacchini, Valentina De Nicolò, Marta Caminiti, Angela Ancona, Giuseppa Minutolo, Clara Mazza, Claudia Cosma, Veronica Gallinoro, Alessandro Catalini, Vincenza Gianfredi and on behalf of the Working Group on “Public Mental Health” 2021/2022 of the Medical Residents’ Assembly of the Italian Society of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(9), 5620; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20095620 - 24 Apr 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2511

Abstract

Depression is a widespread condition, which increased during the COVID-19 pandemic among healthcare workers as well. The large workload of the pandemic response also affected Public Health Residents (PHRs) who played an important role in infection prevention and control activities. This work aims [...] Read more.

Depression is a widespread condition, which increased during the COVID-19 pandemic among healthcare workers as well. The large workload of the pandemic response also affected Public Health Residents (PHRs) who played an important role in infection prevention and control activities. This work aims to assess depression in Italian PHRs, based on data collected through the PHRASI (Public Health Residents’ Anonymous Survey in Italy) study. In 2022, 379 PHRs completed the self-administered questionnaire containing Patient Health Questionnaire-9 to evaluate clinically relevant depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥ 10). Multivariate logistic regression shows that the intention (aOR = 3.925, 95% CI = (2.067–7.452)) and the uncertainty (aOR = 4.949, 95% CI = (1.872–13.086)) of repeating the test to enter another postgraduate school/general practitioner course and the simultaneous attendance of two traineeships (aOR = 1.832, 95% CI = (1.010–3.324)) are positively related with depressive symptoms. Conversely, the willingness to work in the current traineeship place (aOR = 0.456, 95% CI = (0.283–0.734)) emerged as a protective factor. Similar results were obtained considering mild-to-severe (PHQ-9 ≥ 5) depressive symptoms and/or stratifying by sex. The findings, suggesting the protective role of job satisfaction toward depression, might entail future interventions to improve the learning experience and promote work-life balance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lifestyle and Risk of Depression)

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10 pages, 341 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Association between Malnutrition and Depression in Patients with Cancer: The Importance of Nutritional Status Evaluation in Cancer Care

by Daniele Nucci, Vincenza Gianfredi, Pietro Ferrara, Omar Enzo Santangelo, Beatrice Varotto, Alessandra Feltrin, Antonella Galiano and Mariateresa Nardi

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(3), 2295; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032295 - 27 Jan 2023

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2476

Abstract

Cancer patients are at risk of several comorbid conditions, including nutritional issues and mental health illnesses. The objective of the current study was to estimate the prevalence, upon hospital admission, of depression and malnutrition among adults with cancer. A retrospective chart review was [...] Read more.

Cancer patients are at risk of several comorbid conditions, including nutritional issues and mental health illnesses. The objective of the current study was to estimate the prevalence, upon hospital admission, of depression and malnutrition among adults with cancer. A retrospective chart review was conducted using health information collected as part of routine assistance. Nutritional status was measured through structured tools, including body mass index (BMI), Nutrition Risk Screening (NRS) 2002, and dietary intake needs. Depression was assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD). Cancer site, disease stage, length of hospitalization, age, and sex were also considered. Multivariate analyses were used to investigate the association between malnutrition and depression. In summary, our study reveals that malnutrition increases the risk of depression among cancer patients. The findings can also be used in clinical oncology for the implementation of appropriate prevention and treatment interventions in order to reduce the extent of depression and thus improve cancer patients’ quality of life and survival rate. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lifestyle and Risk of Depression)

12 pages, 553 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Role of Lifestyle on Adherence to Treatment in a Sample of Patients with Unipolar and Bipolar Depression

by Beatrice Benatti, Nicolaja Girone, Dario Conti, Maddalena Cocchi, Francesco Achilli, Silvia Leo, Gianmarco Putti, Monica Bosi and Bernardo Dell’Osso

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(3), 1994; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20031994 - 21 Jan 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1953

Abstract

Introduction: Poor adherence to treatment is currently stated to be one of the causes of depression relapse and recurrence. The aim of the present study is to assess potential differences in terms of clinical and lifestyle features related to adherence to treatment in [...] Read more.

Introduction: Poor adherence to treatment is currently stated to be one of the causes of depression relapse and recurrence. The aim of the present study is to assess potential differences in terms of clinical and lifestyle features related to adherence to treatment in a sample of patients with unipolar and bipolar depression. Methods: One hundred and eight patients with a diagnosis of unipolar or bipolar depressive episode were recruited from January 2021 to October 2022. Adherence to psychopharmacological treatment was assessed using the clinician rating scale. Descriptive and association analyses were performed to compare subgroups based on adherence to treatment. Results: Lower levels of adherence to treatment were associated with fewer years of education, work impairment, manic prevalent polarity lifetime, and greater comorbidity with alcohol and drug abuse. The majority of patients with positive adherence did not report any hospitalization and involuntary commitment lifetime. Conclusions: Patients with a positive treatment adherence showed significant differences in terms of lifestyle and clinical features compared to non-adherent patients. Our results may help to identify patients more likely to have poor medication adherence, which seem to lead to a worse disease course and quality of life. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lifestyle and Risk of Depression)

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11 pages, 802 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Association between Psychological Disorders, Mediterranean Diet, and Chronotype in a Group of Italian Adults

by Monica Dinu, Sofia Lotti, Antonia Napoletano, Abigail Corrao, Giuditta Pagliai, Marta Tristan Asensi, Vincenza Gianfredi, Daniele Nucci, Barbara Colombini and Francesco Sofi

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(1), 335; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010335 - 26 Dec 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2674

Abstract

Mental health conditions are a significant contributor to the global burden of disease. The aim of this study was to explore the association between psychological disorders, Mediterranean diet (MD), and chronotype. A total of 344 participants (74% women) with a mean age of [...] Read more.

Mental health conditions are a significant contributor to the global burden of disease. The aim of this study was to explore the association between psychological disorders, Mediterranean diet (MD), and chronotype. A total of 344 participants (74% women) with a mean age of 33.5 ± 13 years were recruited. According to the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) score, 22% of participants had symptoms of depression, 23% anxiety, and 10% stress. The assessment of MD adherence through the Medi-Lite score revealed that participants with psychological disorders had significantly (p < 0.05) lower MD adherence than those without these conditions. Furthermore, less than 10% of the subjects with at least one symptom reported consuming the optimal amount of fruit and vegetables, while 72% showed excessive consumption of meat and meat products. Regarding chronotype, evening subjects reported the lowest MD adherence and the highest prevalence of all three psychological disorders analyzed. A multivariate analysis showed that female gender, age, being unmarried/single, sedentary lifestyle, and low MD adherence were associated with a significantly higher risk of depression, anxiety, and stress. Future studies are needed to explore the relationship between mental health and risk factors to improve personal and global population health. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lifestyle and Risk of Depression)

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24 pages, 453 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Qualitative Analysis of Chair Tasks in Emotion-Focused Therapy Video Sessions

by Ghazaleh Bailey, Júlia Halamová and Mária Gablíková

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(19), 12942; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912942 - 10 Oct 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2536

Abstract

One of the key elements of Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT) is decreasing self-criticism as a secondary, maladaptive emotion within two-chair interventions while simultaneously increasing self-compassion and self-protection as primary, adaptive emotions. Though the concepts of self-compassion, self-protection, and self-criticism are highly acknowledged within psychotherapy [...] Read more.

One of the key elements of Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT) is decreasing self-criticism as a secondary, maladaptive emotion within two-chair interventions while simultaneously increasing self-compassion and self-protection as primary, adaptive emotions. Though the concepts of self-compassion, self-protection, and self-criticism are highly acknowledged within psychotherapy research, the verbal articulation of these constructs within therapy sessions is underinvestigated. Thus, this qualitative study aims to examine how self-criticism, self-protection, and self-compassion are articulated by clients in EFT video sessions. Consensual qualitative research was used for data analysis performed by two core team members and one auditor. Three similar domains were considered for all three concepts: behavioural, emotional, and cognitive aspects. The number of self-protection statements was the highest among the states. The behavioural aspect was the most dominant domain for self-protection with the major subdomain ‘I tell you what I need’. For self-compassion, the cognitive aspect was the most significant domain containing eight subdomains, such as ‘I see your bad circumstances’. The most frequent domain for self-criticism was the behavioural aspect consisting of the two subdomains ‘I point out your wrong behaviours and I give you instructions’. The findings demonstrate the significance of promoting both self-compassion and self-protection to combat self-criticism. More studies of categorising a broader number of cases among various therapy approaches are necessary to develop a more detailed understanding of clients’ verbalisation of self-compassion, self-protection, and self-criticism within therapy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lifestyle and Risk of Depression)

13 pages, 412 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Behavioral Patterns of Depression Patients and Control Population

by María Carreira-Míguez, Eduardo Navarro-Jiménez and Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(15), 9506; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159506 - 2 Aug 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2430

Abstract

Behavioral and multifactorial factors, such as psychological, nutritional, dental pathology, and physical activity habits, are factors that control depression. The objective of the present study was to analyze the differences in the behavioral, psychological, nutritional, dental pathology, and physical activity patterns of the [...] Read more.

Behavioral and multifactorial factors, such as psychological, nutritional, dental pathology, and physical activity habits, are factors that control depression. The objective of the present study was to analyze the differences in the behavioral, psychological, nutritional, dental pathology, and physical activity patterns of the depressed and control population. Forty-eight participants with depression (45.7 ± 12.0) and one hundred participants in a control group without any pathology or medication (48.9 ± 7.9) were interviewed using an online questionnaire. The multifactorial items of psychology, oral behavior, nutritional habits, and physical activity profile were analyzed through a set of questionnaires. The results showed how the depression group showed significantly higher psychological measures related to personality, anxiety, depression, loneliness, perceived stress, and psychological inflexibility than the control group. The control group showed significantly higher weekly vitality, vitality at the end of the week, weekly frequency of juice, wine, coffee, fresh vegetable salad, and Bristol scale than the depression group. Higher values of migraine headache, weekly soft drink frequency, and digestion after meals were found in the depression group. In addition, patients with depression also presented poor dental health, presenting higher rates of gastritis or heartburn, dry mouth, dental sensitivity, and sick days per year than the control group. Both groups presented a pattern of low physical activity. This information allows a better understanding of a multifactorial disease, as well as the creation of intervention and prevention protocols for this disease at a behavioral and lifestyle level. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lifestyle and Risk of Depression)

12 pages, 893 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Synergetic Impact of Physical Activity and Fruit and Vegetable Consumption on the Risk of Depression in Taiwanese Adults

by Li-Yun Fann, Shi-Hao Huang, Yao-Ching Huang, Chin-Fu Chen, Chien-An Sun, Bing-Long Wang, Wu-Chien Chien and Chieh-Hua Lu

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(12), 7300; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127300 - 14 Jun 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2366

Abstract

Background: This research focused on the association between physical activity and fruit-vegetable intake and the risk of depression in middle aged and older Taiwanese adults. Methods: Data were obtained from the 1999 to 2015 datasets of the Taiwan Longitudinal Survey on Aging (TLSA), [...] Read more.

Background: This research focused on the association between physical activity and fruit-vegetable intake and the risk of depression in middle aged and older Taiwanese adults. Methods: Data were obtained from the 1999 to 2015 datasets of the Taiwan Longitudinal Survey on Aging (TLSA), and 4400 participants were included in 1999 (aged ≥53 years). Descriptive statistics provided all of the basic characteristic variables. A chi-square test analyzed the association between sex, age, years of education, marriage, hypertension, drinking, smoking, and the incidence of depression. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine significant associations between physical activity and fruit-vegetable intake, and the presence or absence of depression after 16 years. Results: Combined high physical activity and fruit-vegetable intake reduced the risk of depression by 80% (OR = 0.20, 95% CI = 0.10–0.45, p = 0.001) compared to low physical activity and fruit-vegetable intake; high physical activity and moderate or low fruit-vegetable intake caused a 70% reduction (OR = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.15–0.63, p = 0.005). High fruit-vegetable intake and low physical activity caused a 65% reduction (OR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.15–0.63, p = 0.005), compared to low physical activity and low fruit-vegetable intake. High physical activity alone caused a 40% reduction, which is the same as by high fruit-vegetable intake alone. Conclusions: Fruit-vegetable intake combined with physical activity was negatively correlated with the risk of depression. More fruit-vegetable intake and physical activity might reduce this risk. The results highlight the importance of physical activity and fruit-vegetable consumption for middle-aged and older adults to prevent depression. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lifestyle and Risk of Depression)

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18 pages, 2134 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Mediating Role of Gender, Age, COVID-19 Symptoms and Changing of Mansion on the Mental Health of Healthcare Workers Operating in Italy during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic

by Eleonora Gambaro, Carla Gramaglia, Debora Marangon, Danila Azzolina, Manuela Probo, Marco Rudoni and Patrizia Zeppegno

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(24), 13083; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413083 - 11 Dec 2021

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2744

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has tested the performance of hospitals and intensive care units around the world. Health care workers (HCWs) have been used to developmental symptoms, but this was especially true during the COVID-19 pandemic when HCWs have been faced with many other [...] Read more.

The COVID-19 pandemic has tested the performance of hospitals and intensive care units around the world. Health care workers (HCWs) have been used to developmental symptoms, but this was especially true during the COVID-19 pandemic when HCWs have been faced with many other sources of stress and anxiety that can usually be avoided. Moreover, long-term shifts and unprecedented population restrictions have weakened people’s ability to cope with stress. The research aims to observe the dynamic interplay between burnout, depression, distress, and anxiety in HCWs working in various settings, with specific a focus on emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and a diminished sense of personal achievement in mediating a worse mental health status during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. We performed a mediation analysis, which resulted in a strong correlation among depression, psychological distress, health perception and anxiety, and the impact of job burnout on anxiety, depression, and distress. Gender seemed to have a strong correlation with burnout, anxiety, and distress; the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Quality of Life seemed to affect anxiety and depression; the possible changes in job tasks and duties (intended as a change in work area or location and role change)influenced depression and job burnout. Encouraging supportive and educational strategies would be recommended to policymakers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lifestyle and Risk of Depression)

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15 pages, 326 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Does Interpersonal Interaction Really Improve Emotion, Sleep Quality, and Self-Efficacy among Junior College Students?

by Po-Yu Wang, Pin-Hsuan Lin, Chung-Ying Lin, Shang-Yu Yang and Kai-Li Chen

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(12), 4542; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124542 - 24 Jun 2020

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 7054

Abstract

This study discusses the correlation between teenagers’ real-life interpersonal interactions and teenagers’ online interpersonal interactions with regards to emotion, sleep quality, and self-efficacy. This study adopted a cross-sectional design that included a survey using a structured questionnaire which included demographic data, the Chinese [...] Read more.

This study discusses the correlation between teenagers’ real-life interpersonal interactions and teenagers’ online interpersonal interactions with regards to emotion, sleep quality, and self-efficacy. This study adopted a cross-sectional design that included a survey using a structured questionnaire which included demographic data, the Chinese version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), the Real Interpersonal Interaction Scale (RIIS), and the Internet Interpersonal Interaction Scale (IIIS). This study enlisted 917 teenage students (age = 17.16 ± 1.48 years). The study found that RIIS had significant negative correlations with DASS and PSQI scores and a significant positive correlation with GSE. Namely, the greater the degree of real-life interpersonal interaction, the lower the degree of negative emotion. Likewise, the more satisfactory sleep quality is, the higher self-efficacy is. In addition, IIIS scores demonstrate significantly positive correlations with DASS and PSQI scores. Therefore, the greater the degree of online interpersonal interaction, the greater the levels of negative emotion, and the poorer the sleep quality is. This study showed that online interpersonal interaction may not improve emotions, sleep quality, or self-efficacy among junior college students. However, real-life interpersonal interaction may improve those three parameters. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lifestyle and Risk of Depression)

Review

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12 pages, 765 KiB

Open AccessReview

Association between Daily Pattern of Physical Activity and Depression: A Systematic Review

by Vincenza Gianfredi, Pietro Ferrara, Flavia Pennisi, Giulia Casu, Andrea Amerio, Anna Odone, Daniele Nucci and Monica Dinu

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(11), 6505; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116505 - 26 May 2022

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3712

Abstract

Recent research suggested that daily pattern of physical activity (PA) may have an important association with depression, but findings are limited and contradictory. Our aim was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to summarize the literature evidence on the association between [...] Read more.

Recent research suggested that daily pattern of physical activity (PA) may have an important association with depression, but findings are limited and contradictory. Our aim was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to summarize the literature evidence on the association between timing of PA and depression. A comprehensive search of PubMed/Medline and Scopus databases has been performed, and a total of five manuscripts have been thoroughly reviewed. The performed descriptive analysis shows lower levels of PA among individuals with depression or depressive symptoms, although evidence on the 24 h pattern of PA and depression is limited. An interesting finding is the association between lower PA during the morning, higher PA late in the evening (night), and depression or depressive symptoms. However, definitive conclusions could not be drawn due to the observational nature of the studies, their limited number, the high heterogeneity in the sample populations, and the studies’ differing outcome definitions and exposure assessments. Future studies considering not only the level of PA but also its daily variability might be important to further explore this novel area of research. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lifestyle and Risk of Depression)

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23 pages, 1229 KiB

Open AccessReview

Association between Urban Greenspace and Health: A Systematic Review of Literature

by Vincenza Gianfredi, Maddalena Buffoli, Andrea Rebecchi, Roberto Croci, Aurea Oradini-Alacreu, Giuseppe Stirparo, Alessio Marino, Anna Odone, Stefano Capolongo and Carlo Signorelli

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(10), 5137; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105137 - 12 May 2021

Cited by 85 | Viewed by 13432

Abstract

The current review aimed to explore the association between urban greenspaces and health indicators. In particular, our aims were to analyze the association between publicly accessible urban greenspaces exposure and two selected health outcomes (objectively measured physical activity (PA) and mental health outcomes [...] Read more.

The current review aimed to explore the association between urban greenspaces and health indicators. In particular, our aims were to analyze the association between publicly accessible urban greenspaces exposure and two selected health outcomes (objectively measured physical activity (PA) and mental health outcomes (MH)). Two electronic databases—PubMed/Medline and Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE)—were searched from 1 January 2000 to 30 September 2020. Only articles in English were considered. Out of 356 retrieved articles, a total of 34 papers were included in our review. Of those, 15 assessed the association between urban greenspace and PA and 19 dealt with MH. Almost all the included studies found a positive association between urban greenspace and both PA and MH, while a few demonstrated a non-effect or a negative effect on MH outcomes. However, only guaranteeing access is not enough. Indeed, important elements are maintenance, renovation, closeness to residential areas, planning of interactive activities, and perceived security aspects. Overall, despite some methodological limitations of the included studies, the results have shown almost univocally that urban greenspaces harbour potentially beneficial effects on physical and mental health and well-being. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lifestyle and Risk of Depression)

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24 pages, 469 KiB

Open AccessReview

Association of Late Life Depression, (Non-) Modifiable Risk and Protective Factors with Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease: Literature Review on Current Evidences, Preventive Interventions and Possible Future Trends in Prevention and Treatment of Dementia

by Chih-Yun Kuo, Ivo Stachiv and Tomas Nikolai

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(20), 7475; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207475 - 14 Oct 2020

Cited by 51 | Viewed by 9285

Abstract

The number of people living with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease is growing rapidly, making dementia one of the biggest challenges for this century. Many studies have indicated that depression plays an important role in development of dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease; depression, especially, during [...] Read more.

The number of people living with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease is growing rapidly, making dementia one of the biggest challenges for this century. Many studies have indicated that depression plays an important role in development of dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease; depression, especially, during the late life may either increase the risk of dementia or even being its prodromal stage. Despite a notably large number of carried observational studies and/or clinical trials, the association between the late life depression and dementia remains, due to the complexity of their relationship, still unclear. Moreover, during past two decades multiple other (non-)modifiable risk and possibly protective factors such as the hypertension, social engagement, obesity, level of education or physical (in)activity have been identified and their relationship with the risk for development of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease has been extensively studied. It has been proposed that to understand mechanisms of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease pathogeneses require their multifactorial nature represented by these multiple factors to be considered. In this review, we first summarize the recent literature findings on roles of the late life depression and the other known (non-)modifiable risk and possibly protective factors in development of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Then, we provide evidences supporting hypotheses that (i) depressive syndromes in late life may indicate the prodromal stage of dementia (Alzheimer’s disease) and, (ii) the interplay among the multiple (non-)modifiable risk and protective factors should be considered to gain a better understanding of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease pathogeneses. We also discuss the evidences of recently established interventions considered to prevent or delay the prodromes of dementia and provide the prospective future directions in prevention and treatment of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease using both the single-domain and multidomain interventions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lifestyle and Risk of Depression)

20 pages, 860 KiB

Open AccessReview

Red and Processed Meat Consumption and Risk of Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

by Daniele Nucci, Cristina Fatigoni, Andrea Amerio, Anna Odone and Vincenza Gianfredi

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(18), 6686; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186686 - 14 Sep 2020

Cited by 59 | Viewed by 8566

Abstract

Depression is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide, with more than 264 million people affected. On average, depression first appears during the late teens to mid-20s as result of a complex interaction of social, psychological and biological factors. The aim of [...] Read more.

Depression is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide, with more than 264 million people affected. On average, depression first appears during the late teens to mid-20s as result of a complex interaction of social, psychological and biological factors. The aim of this systematic review with meta-analysis is to assess the association between red and processed meat intake and depression (both incident and prevalent). This systematic review was conducted according to the methods recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Relevant papers published through March 2020 were identified by searching the electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase and Scopus. All analyses were conducted using ProMeta3 software. A critical appraisal was conducted. Finally, 17 studies met the inclusion criteria. The overall effect size (ES) of depression for red and processed meat intake was 1.08 [(95% CI = 1.04; 1.12), p-value < 0.001], based on 241,738 participants. The results from our meta-analysis showed a significant association between red and processed meat intake and risk of depression. The presented synthesis will be useful for health professionals and policy makers to better consider the effect of diet on mental health status. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lifestyle and Risk of Depression)

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20 pages, 1019 KiB

Open AccessReview

Depression and Objectively Measured Physical Activity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

by Vincenza Gianfredi, Lorenzo Blandi, Stefano Cacitti, Mirko Minelli, Carlo Signorelli, Andrea Amerio and Anna Odone

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(10), 3738; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103738 - 25 May 2020

Cited by 80 | Viewed by 13640

Abstract

Depression is a major contributor to the overall global burden of disease, with high prevalence and relapse rate. Several factors have been considered in order to reduce the depression burden. Among them, physical activity (PA) showed a potential protective role. However, evidence is [...] Read more.

Depression is a major contributor to the overall global burden of disease, with high prevalence and relapse rate. Several factors have been considered in order to reduce the depression burden. Among them, physical activity (PA) showed a potential protective role. However, evidence is contrasting probably because of the differences in PA measurement. The aim of this systematic review with meta-analysis is to assess the association between objectively measured PA and incident and prevalent depression. The systematic review was conducted according to methods recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Relevant papers published through 31 August 2019 were identified searching through the electronic databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Excerpta Medica dataBASE (Embase), PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), and the Cochrane Library. All analyses were conducted using ProMeta3. Finally, 42 studies met inclusion criteria. The overall Effect size (ES) of depression for the highest vs. the lowest level of PA was −1.16 [(95% CI = −1.41; −0.91), p-value < 0.001] based on 37,408 participants. The results of the meta-analysis showed a potential protective effect of PA on prevalent and incident depression. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lifestyle and Risk of Depression)

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Other

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15 pages, 686 KiB

Open AccessStudy Protocol

Public Health Residents’ Anonymous Survey in Italy (PHRASI): Study Protocol for a Cross-Sectional Study for a Multidimensional Assessment of Mental Health and Its Determinants

by Alessandro Catalini, Clara Mazza, Claudia Cosma, Giuseppa Minutolo, Valentina De Nicolò, Veronica Gallinoro, Marta Caminiti, Angela Ancona, Lorenzo Stacchini, Nausicaa Berselli, Eleonora Ferrari, Fabrizio Cedrone, Vincenza Gianfredi and on behalf of the Working Group on “Public Mental Health” of the Medical Residents’ Assembly of the Italian Society of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(3), 2003; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032003 - 21 Jan 2023

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2914

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has evolved into a severe psychosocial crisis affecting patients, their relatives, friends, and healthcare professionals. In Italy, public health residents (PHRs) remain essential to the national response to the pandemic. To assess their mental sphere, the “Public Mental Health” working [...] Read more.

The COVID-19 pandemic has evolved into a severe psychosocial crisis affecting patients, their relatives, friends, and healthcare professionals. In Italy, public health residents (PHRs) remain essential to the national response to the pandemic. To assess their mental sphere, the “Public Mental Health” working group of the medical residents’ Assembly of the Italian Society of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine has designed the Public Health Residents’ Anonymous Survey in Italy (PHRASI). This is a nation-wide cross-sectional study based on an 88-item self-administered voluntary survey that evaluates how sociodemographic variables are associated with mental issues, including wellness, eating disorders, sleeplessness, alcohol misuse, depression, and anxiety. Data will be gathered by disseminating a Google Forms link across the Assembly network of medical residents. All PHRs enrolled in a four-year program in one of the Italian postgraduate schools of public health will be qualified as participants. PHRASI aims to draw a comprehensive and detailed picture of the mental health state of Italian PHRs. PHRs are a significant group of healthcare professionals that may serve as a future benchmark for developing and enacting regulations intended to support the mental health of healthcare professionals. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lifestyle and Risk of Depression)

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