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Integrated Sports Dentistry, Nutrition and Rehabilitation: Biomarkers to Detect Sports Injuries and Performance

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Global Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2022) | Viewed by 33284

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Giuseppe Messina

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Psychological, Pedagogical and Human Movement Sciences, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy
Interests: TMJ desorders; sport injury; sport dentistry; EMG; gait analysis; posturography; swallowing dysfunction; mandibular kinesiography; sports psychology; biomarkers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Patrizia Proia

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144 Palermo, Italy
Interests: bone nutrition; obesity; functional food; physical activity; genetics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The "Integrated Sports Dentistry" branch includes both injuries from direct trauma during activity in contact sports and the evaluation of gnathological, orthodontic, and postural problems in athletes of various levels, and any integrated rehabilitation that must comply the equilibrium conditions of the tonic–postural system. From a neurophysiological point of view, it is ascertained that there is a bilateral cortical representation of the oral region, and each dental element is represented in a three-dimensional way. Information coming from edentulous areas or in conditions of malocclusion puts cortical projection areas at a synaptic disadvantage compared to adjacent areas, which run the task of making up for absent and/or deficient information through the phenomenon of cortical plasticity. This Special Issue aims to give a clear view of the state of the art on the relationships between the stomatognathic receptor and myoneuropostural balance in sports subjects of various levels, for the prevention of injuries and for adequate integrated rehabilitation. Topics include mouthguard, dental prosthesis, bite for TMJ disorders, non-invasive diagnostic methods such as EMG, static and dynamic posturography, mandibular kinesiography, and integrated functional re-education methods. Furthermore, there will be a parallel section in which it will be possible to investigate the effect of physical activity related to wellbeing in both healthy and pathological subjects through the analysis of blood biomarkers as well as predisposing genetic factors.

Prof. Dr. Giuseppe Messina
Dr. Patrizia Proia
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • oral health
  • sport dentistry
  • TMJ disorders
  • sport injury
  • gait analysis
  • injury rehabilitation
  • muscle re-education
  • EMG
  • mandibular kinesiography
  • biomarkers
  • nutrition
  • genetics
  • physical activity
  • bone metabolism
  • health and disease biomarkers

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 1086 KiB  
Article
The Association between Masticatory Muscles Activation and Foot Pressure Distribution in Older Female Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
by Giuseppe Messina, Alessandra Amato, Federica Rizzo, Ligia Juliana Dominguez, Angelo Iovane, Mario Barbagallo and Patrizia Proia
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(6), 5137; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20065137 - 14 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1944
Abstract
The association between craniofacial muscles and postural control is well-known because of numerous anatomical connections. However, there are a few conflicting studies that correlated the activity of the masticatory muscles with the distribution of body weight pressure on the feet, which can strongly [...] Read more.
The association between craniofacial muscles and postural control is well-known because of numerous anatomical connections. However, there are a few conflicting studies that correlated the activity of the masticatory muscles with the distribution of body weight pressure on the feet, which can strongly influence balance. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to evaluate the association between the masseter and temporalis muscle activity and foot pressure distribution. Fifty-two women were recruited, and baropodometric and EMG analyses of the masseter and temporalis baseline activities were analyzed. An ipsilateral association was found between the right temporal muscle activity and the right rearfoot load (r = 0.29, p < 0.05) and right forefoot load (r = −0.29; p < 0.05), as well as the percentage of muscle activation of the right masseter muscles with the percentage of pressure on the right forefoot (r = 0.31, p < 0.05) and right rearfoot (r = −0.31, p < 0.05). While further studies are needed, an ipsilateral association was found between masticatory muscles and foot pressure distribution. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Sports Dentistry, Nutrition and Rehabilitation: Biomarkers to Detect Sports Injuries and Performance)
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11 pages, 1093 KiB  
Article
The Refraction Assessment and the Electronic Trial Frame Measurement during Standing or Sitting Position Can Affect Postural Stability
by Massimo Rossato, Alessandra Nart, Giuseppe Messina, Francesco Favro, Valentina Rossato, Enxhi Rrutja and Vincenzo Biancalana
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(3), 1558; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031558 - 29 Jan 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2683
Abstract
Vision has been shown to influence body posture. The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlations between visual acuity and body postural control both in a standing and seated position. This cohort study included 37 patients examined using Adaptica’s (Italy) Kaleidos [...] Read more.
Vision has been shown to influence body posture. The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlations between visual acuity and body postural control both in a standing and seated position. This cohort study included 37 patients examined using Adaptica’s (Italy) Kaleidos and VisionFit. Objective refraction was measured with Kaleidos both in a standing and seated position by the same operator and in the same environmental conditions. The parameters obtained with the device were binocular refraction, monocular refraction, pupil distance, pupil size, head tilt, gaze, phorias, and tropias. The results obtained were then subjectively tested using VisionFit: an electronic trial frame with phoropter functionalities. The study’s outcome revealed that the differences in the visual acuity parameters obtained in standing and seated positions were statistically significant; the Student’s t-test showed a p-value < 0.001 in all parameter averages. Automated refraction is widely being performed and postural control can affect the visual acuity parameters; therefore, it is relevant to consider the possibility of measuring in orthostatism. It might be appropriate to take into account the possibility of measuring in orthostatism and wearing trial frames in orthostatic conditions as well as walking freely around the room, looking outside of a window, sitting, and reading. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Sports Dentistry, Nutrition and Rehabilitation: Biomarkers to Detect Sports Injuries and Performance)
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14 pages, 1485 KiB  
Article
The Use of Dietary Supplements in Fitness Practitioners: A Cross-Sectional Observation Study
by Massimiliano Mazzilli, Filippo Macaluso, Stefano Zambelli, Pietro Picerno and Enzo Iuliano
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(9), 5005; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18095005 - 9 May 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 5677
Abstract
This study was aimed at evaluating the prevalence of use of dietary supplements (DSs) among gym users and gym instructors involved in body shaping-oriented fitness training. Furthermore, this study aimed to verify whether differences existed in the prevalence and in the types of [...] Read more.
This study was aimed at evaluating the prevalence of use of dietary supplements (DSs) among gym users and gym instructors involved in body shaping-oriented fitness training. Furthermore, this study aimed to verify whether differences existed in the prevalence and in the types of DSs used in both gym users and gym instructors involved in body shaping-oriented fitness competitions vs. those not involved in fitness competitions. A survey was distributed to 316 participants, composed of 89 gym instructors and 227 gym users of both genders aged 27.3 ± 7.7. Among these participants, 52 were involved in competitions and 248 were not, while 16 participants did not specify either way. The results showed a high prevalence in the use of DSs in the population considered, with 85.4% of the participants declaring they used DSs, with high heterogeneity in the numbers and in the combinations used. No differences were found between gym instructors and gym users, or between participants involved and those not involved in competitions. The results indicate that DSs are widely used by persons involved in body shaping-oriented fitness training. The results also suggest that the majority of the participants decided individually which DSs to use. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Sports Dentistry, Nutrition and Rehabilitation: Biomarkers to Detect Sports Injuries and Performance)
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14 pages, 2702 KiB  
Article
Efficacy and Pharmacological Appropriateness of Cinnarizine and Dimenhydrinate in the Treatment of Vertigo and Related Symptoms
by Fulvio Plescia, Pietro Salvago, Francesco Dispenza, Giuseppe Messina, Emanuele Cannizzaro and Francesco Martines
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(9), 4787; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094787 - 30 Apr 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 5493
Abstract
Vertigo is not itself a disease, but rather a symptom of various syndromes and disorders that jeopardize balance function, which is essential for daily activities. It is an abnormal sensation of motion that usually occurs in the absence of motion, or when a [...] Read more.
Vertigo is not itself a disease, but rather a symptom of various syndromes and disorders that jeopardize balance function, which is essential for daily activities. It is an abnormal sensation of motion that usually occurs in the absence of motion, or when a motion is sensed inaccurately. Due to the complexity of the etiopathogenesis of vertigo, many pharmacological treatments have been tested for efficacy on vertigo. Among these drugs, cinnarizine, usually given together with dimenhydrinate, appears to be the first-line pharmacotherapy for the management of vertigo and inner ear disorders. Based on these considerations, the present non-interventional study aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy and tolerability of a fixed combination of cinnarizine (20 mg) and dimenhydrinate (40 mg) in patients suffering from vertigo-related symptoms. To this end, we enrolled 120 adults—70 males, and 50 females—with an average age of 64 years. Before beginning pharmacological treatment, all patients were screened for the intensity of vertigo, dizziness, and concomitant symptoms through the Visual Scale of Dizziness Disorders and Dizziness Handicap Inventory scales. At the end of the anamnestic evaluation, patients received the fixed-dose combination of cinnarizine (20 mg) plus dimenhydrinate (40 mg) 3 times daily, for 60 days. The results of this study provide further insight regarding the efficacy of the fixed combination when used to reduce symptoms of vestibular vertigo of central and/or peripheral origin, after both the 15- and 60-day therapies. Independent of the type of vertigo, the fixed combination was able to reduce dizziness- and vertigo-associated symptoms in more than 75% of all patients treated, starting from 15 days of therapy, and improving 60 days after starting the therapy. Interestingly, we also found differences between male and female patients in the framework of the pharmacological effects of therapy. This study provides further details concerning the therapeutic efficacy of the fixed combination of cinnarizine and dimenhydrinate, and also focuses attention on the possibility that these drugs could act in a gender-specific manner, paving the way for further research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Sports Dentistry, Nutrition and Rehabilitation: Biomarkers to Detect Sports Injuries and Performance)
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12 pages, 774 KiB  
Article
Proposal for a Fitness Program in the School Setting during the COVID 19 Pandemic: Effects of an 8-Week CrossFit Program on Psychophysical Well-Being in Healthy Adolescents
by Stefania Cataldi, Vincenzo Cristian Francavilla, Valerio Bonavolontà, Ornella De Florio, Roberto Carvutto, Michele De Candia, Francesca Latino and Francesco Fischetti
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(6), 3141; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063141 - 18 Mar 2021
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 6558
Abstract
Background: The Italian government promoted social distancing, in which the suspension of any social event, suspension of all activities practiced in gyms, sports centers and their closure was ordered. The social distancing in the school environment and the use of strategies to limit [...] Read more.
Background: The Italian government promoted social distancing, in which the suspension of any social event, suspension of all activities practiced in gyms, sports centers and their closure was ordered. The social distancing in the school environment and the use of strategies to limit viral infection are not very compatible with group motor activity and team sports. The aim of this study is to verify the effectiveness of a CrossFit program in order to mitigate the deficits in fitness caused by COVID-19 prevention measures and to evaluate the effects on self-efficacy in a group of young adolescents. Methodsː 30 healthy participants were randomly allocated into an intervention group (IG) that performed the 8 weeks CrossFit training program or control group (CG). Physical fitness tests (i.e., Squat, push-up, lunge, and 20 m run) and psychological measures Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy scale (RESE) were performed at baseline and after 8 weeks. Resultsː After 8 weeks, the intervention group showed significant improvements for all fitness tests (p < 0.0001). Additionally, higher scores for the RESE negative and positive (p < 0.0001) scales were found in the intervention group. No statistical differences were found in the control group except for the push up test. Conclusionsː the 8-week CrossFit intervention program could positively affect the general physical well-being and improve the emotional perceived self-efficacy in healthy adolescents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Sports Dentistry, Nutrition and Rehabilitation: Biomarkers to Detect Sports Injuries and Performance)
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Review

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15 pages, 749 KiB  
Review
Functional Properties of Meat in Athletes’ Performance and Recovery
by Martina di Corcia, Nicola Tartaglia, Rita Polito, Antonio Ambrosi, Gaetana Messina, Vincenzo Cristian Francavilla, Raffaele Ivan Cincione, Antonella della Malva, Maria Giovanna Ciliberti, Agostino Sevi, Giovanni Messina and Marzia Albenzio
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(9), 5145; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095145 - 23 Apr 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 5553
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) and sport play an essential role in promoting body development and maintaining optimal health status both in the short and long term. Despite the benefits, a long-lasting heavy training can promote several detrimental physiological changes, including transitory immune system malfunction, [...] Read more.
Physical activity (PA) and sport play an essential role in promoting body development and maintaining optimal health status both in the short and long term. Despite the benefits, a long-lasting heavy training can promote several detrimental physiological changes, including transitory immune system malfunction, increased inflammation, and oxidative stress, which manifest as exercise-induced muscle damages (EIMDs). Meat and derived products represent a very good source of bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. Bioactive molecules represent dietary compounds that can interact with one or more components of live tissue, resulting in a wide range of possible health consequences such as immune-modulating, antihypertensive, antimicrobial, and antioxidative activities. The health benefits of meat have been well established and have been extensively reviewed elsewhere, although a growing number of studies found a significant positive effect of meat molecules on exercise performance and recovery of muscle function. Based on the limited research, meat could be an effective post-exercise food that results in favorable muscle protein synthesis and metabolic performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Sports Dentistry, Nutrition and Rehabilitation: Biomarkers to Detect Sports Injuries and Performance)
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Other

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10 pages, 3141 KiB  
Systematic Review
Occlusal Splints and Exercise Performance: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence
by Leonardo Cesanelli, Gianfranco Cesaretti, Berta Ylaitė, Angelo Iovane, Antonino Bianco and Giuseppe Messina
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(19), 10338; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910338 - 30 Sep 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4008
Abstract
The role of the dento-mandibular apparatus and, in particular, occlusion and jaw position, received increased attention during last years. In the present study, we aimed to systematically review, on the light of the new potential insights, the published literature covering the occlusal splint [...] Read more.
The role of the dento-mandibular apparatus and, in particular, occlusion and jaw position, received increased attention during last years. In the present study, we aimed to systematically review, on the light of the new potential insights, the published literature covering the occlusal splint (OS) applications, and its impact on exercise performance. A structured search was carried out including MEDLINE®/PubMed and Scopus databases with additional integration from external sources, between March and June 2021. To meet the inclusion criteria, studies published in the English language, involving humans in vivo, published from 2000 to 2021 and that investigated the role of occlusal splints on athletes’ performance were selected. Starting from the 587 identified records, 17 items were finally included for the review. Four main aspects were considered and analyzed: (1) occlusal splint characteristics and occlusion experimental conditions, (2) jump performance, (3) maximal and explosive strength, and (4) exercise technique and biomechanics. The results of the systematic literature analysis depicted a wide heterogenicity in the experimental conditions and suggested the application of the OS as a way to improve athletes’ or individuals’ oral health, and as a potential tool to optimize marginal aspects of exercise performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Sports Dentistry, Nutrition and Rehabilitation: Biomarkers to Detect Sports Injuries and Performance)
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