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Biomarkers for Cardiometabolic Risk: Pathophysiology, Impact, Advances and Challenges

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2024) | Viewed by 1549

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica, National Research Council of Italy, Via Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
Interests: metabolic disease; organ pathophysiology; cardiovascular disease; metabolomic ad lipidomic technology
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cardiometabolic (CM) diseases remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide,  suggesting the importance of new, reliable tools to evaluate their occurrence. In reality, a number of different biomarkers continue to be proposed and tested, giving further insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cardiometabolic conditions. However, generally, they give only a moderate increase in the predictive value over the use of tools based on classic and consolidated risk factors included in traditional risk scores. The simultaneous measurement of multiple biomarker parameters (the multimarker approach) seems to add a substantial advantage, which can provide an accurate prediction for specific patients and drive targeted preventive therapy.

We invite investigators to contribute either original research or review articles to this  Special Issue; the topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

  • The role of different biomarkers, including established CM biomarkers, as well as emerging biomarkers identified through omics technologies (e.g., the combination of genomics, transcriptomics, epigenetics, and proteomics) used alone or in multiple biomarker combinations to improve our CM pathophysiological knowledge.
  • In addition to the pathophysiological significance, we are interested in the technical aspects still challenging the analysis of molecular biomarkers, as well as translational issues.

Dr. Cristina Vassalle
Dr. Melania Gaggini
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • biomarker
  • cardiovascular risk
  • cardiometabolic disease
  • omics technologies
  • genomics
  • transcriptomics
  • epigenetics
  • proteomics
  • translational medicine

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

16 pages, 324 KiB  
Review
Metabolic Syndrome, Thyroid Dysfunction, and Cardiovascular Risk: The Triptych of Evil
by Alessandro Pingitore, Melania Gaggini, Francesca Mastorci, Laura Sabatino, Linda Cordiviola and Cristina Vassalle
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(19), 10628; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251910628 - 2 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1151
Abstract
The triad formed by thyroid dysfunction, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and cardiovascular (CV) risk forms a network with many connections that aggravates health outcomes. Thyroid hormones (THs) play an important role in glucose and lipid metabolism and hemodynamic regulation at the molecular level. It [...] Read more.
The triad formed by thyroid dysfunction, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and cardiovascular (CV) risk forms a network with many connections that aggravates health outcomes. Thyroid hormones (THs) play an important role in glucose and lipid metabolism and hemodynamic regulation at the molecular level. It is noteworthy that a bidirectional association between THs and MetS and their components likely exists as MetS leads to thyroid dysfunction, whereas thyroid alterations may cause a higher incidence of MetS. Thyroid dysfunction increases insulin resistance, the circulating levels of lipids, in particular LDL-C, VLDL-C, and triglycerides, and induces endothelial dysfunction. Furthermore, THs are important regulators of both white and brown adipose tissue. Moreover, the pathophysiological relationship between MetS and TH dysfunction is made even tighter considering that these conditions are usually associated with inflammatory activation and increased oxidative stress. Therefore, the role of THs takes place starting from the molecular level, then manifesting itself at the clinical level, through an increased risk of CV events in the general population as well as in patients with heart failure or acute myocardial infarction. Thus, MetS is frequently associated with thyroid dysfunction, which supports the need to assess thyroid function in this group, and when clinically indicated, to correct it to maintain euthyroidism. However, there are still several critical points to be further investigated both at the molecular and clinical level, in particular considering the need to treat subclinical dysthyroidism in MetS patients. Full article
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