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Novel Insights into Monoclonal Antibodies in Disease

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2024) | Viewed by 2503

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippocration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece
Interests: hematologic malignancies; thrombosis; complement; cellular therapy; lymphoma; myeloma; COVID-19
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Monoclonal antibodies have revolutionized the treatment landscape of hematological diseases. Their history dates back to the 1980s, when the first monoclonal antibody, rituximab, was developed. Rituximab targets the CD20 antigen found on B cells and has been instrumental in the treatment of various hematological malignancies, particularly non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Its approval by the FDA in 1997 marked a significant milestone in the field of cancer immunotherapy.

Following rituximab, a plethora of monoclonal antibodies have been developed targeting different antigens and pathways implicated in hematological diseases. Diseases such as T-cell lymphomas and multiple myeloma have improved outcomes with the wide use of newer generations of monoclonal antibodies. These advancements have greatly diversified treatment options for hematological diseases, offering improved efficacy and reduced toxicity compared to traditional chemotherapy.

Emerging research has shed light on the potential of combining monoclonal antibodies with other treatment modalities such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T cell therapy and small-molecule inhibitors to enhance efficacy and overcome resistance mechanisms. Moreover, the advent of antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) has expanded the therapeutic arsenal by enabling targeted delivery of cytotoxic agents specifically to malignant cells, minimizing off-target effects. Additionally, recent discoveries in immunogenetics and tumor microenvironment biology have elucidated new antigenic targets and mechanisms of immune evasion, paving the way for the development of next-generation monoclonal antibodies with enhanced specificity and potency. These insights underscore the dynamic landscape of monoclonal antibody research in hematological diseases, providing hope for improved outcomes and a better quality of life for patients.

This Special Issue will provide new insights into monoclonal antibodies in hematological diseases. The Special Issue is supervised by Dr. Eleni Gavriilaki and assisted by our Topical Advisory Panel Member Dr. Christos Varelas (from G. Papanicolaou Hospital).

More specifically, the aim is to collect original studies and comprehensive reviews on this research topic focused on the molecular level. Topics may include (but are not limited to) the study of novel monoclonal antibodies in the following areas:

  • Lymphomas;
  • Leukemias;
  • Multiple myeloma;
  • Complementopathies;
  • Hemoglobinopathies.

Dr. Eleni Gavriilaki
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • monoclonal antibodies
  • antibody–drug conjugates
  • lymphomas
  • leukemias
  • multiple myeloma
  • complementopathies
  • hemoglobinopathies

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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12 pages, 947 KiB  
Article
Soluble Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor (suPAR), Growth Differentiation Factor-15 (GDF-15), and Soluble C5b-9 (sC5b-9) Levels Are Significantly Associated with Endothelial Injury Indices in CAR-T Cell Recipients
by Eleni Gavriilaki, Christos Demosthenous, Paschalis Evangelidis, Zoi Bousiou, Ioannis Batsis, Anna Vardi, Despina Mallouri, Eudoxia-Evaggelia Koravou, Nikolaos Spyridis, Alkistis Panteliadou, Georgios Karavalakis, Marianna Masmanidou, Tasoula Touloumenidou, Apostolia Papalexandri, Christos Poziopoulos, Evangelia Yannaki, Ioanna Sakellari, Marianna Politou and Ioannis Papassotiriou
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(20), 11028; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252011028 - 14 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1291
Abstract
Endothelial injury indices, such as Endothelial Activation and Stress Index (EASIX), modified EASIX (m-EASIX), and simplified EASIX (s-EASIX) scores, have been previously associated with chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cell immunotherapy complications. Soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), and soluble [...] Read more.
Endothelial injury indices, such as Endothelial Activation and Stress Index (EASIX), modified EASIX (m-EASIX), and simplified EASIX (s-EASIX) scores, have been previously associated with chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cell immunotherapy complications. Soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), and soluble C5b-9 (sC5b-9) have been described as markers of endothelial injury post-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In the current study, we examined whether suPAR, GDF-15, and sC5b-9 levels were associated with endothelial injury indices in adult CAR-T cell recipients. The levels of these markers were measured in patients before CAR-T cell infusion and in healthy individuals with immunoenzymatic methods. We studied 45 CAR-T cell recipients and 20 healthy individuals as the control group. SuPAR, GDF-15, and sC5b-9 levels were significantly higher in the patients’ group compared to the healthy control group (p < 0.001, in all comparisons). SuPAR levels at baseline were associated with the m-EASIX scores calculated at the same time point (p = 0.020), while suPAR and GDF-15 concentrations were correlated with EASIX scores at day 14 post-infusion (p < 0.001 in both comparisons). Moreover, sC5b-9 levels were correlated with the s-EASIX scores at infusion (p = 0.008) and the EASIX scores at day 14 (p = 0.005). In our study, sC5b9, suPAR, and GDF-15 levels were found to reflect endothelial injury in CAR-T cell recipients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Insights into Monoclonal Antibodies in Disease)
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13 pages, 3548 KiB  
Article
Specific Monoclonal Antibodies against African Swine Fever Virus Protease pS273R Revealed a Novel and Conserved Antigenic Epitope
by Jiajia Zhang, Kaili Zhang, Shaohua Sun, Ping He, Dafu Deng, Pingping Zhang, Wanglong Zheng, Nanhua Chen and Jianzhong Zhu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(16), 8906; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168906 - 15 Aug 2024
Viewed by 850
Abstract
The African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a large enveloped DNA virus that causes a highly pathogenic hemorrhagic disease in both domestic pigs and wild boars. The ASFV genome contains a double-stranded DNA encoding more than 150 proteins. The ASFV possesses only one [...] Read more.
The African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a large enveloped DNA virus that causes a highly pathogenic hemorrhagic disease in both domestic pigs and wild boars. The ASFV genome contains a double-stranded DNA encoding more than 150 proteins. The ASFV possesses only one protease, pS273R, which is important for virion assembly and host immune evasion. Therefore, the specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) against pS273R is useful for ASFV research. Here, we generated two specific anti-pS273R mAbs named 2F3 and 3C2, both of which were successfully applied for ELISA, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence assays. Further, we showed that both 2F3 and 3C2 mAbs recognize a new epitope of N terminal 1–25 amino acids of pS273R protein, which is highly conserved across different ASFV strains including all genotype I and II strains. Based on the recognized epitope, an indirect ELISA was established and was effective in detecting antibodies during ASFV infection. To conclude, the specific pS273R mAbs and corresponding epitope identified will strongly promote ASFV serological diagnosis and vaccine research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Insights into Monoclonal Antibodies in Disease)
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