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Combating Drug Resistance in Cancer: From Novel Biomarkers to Enhanced Therapeutic Efficacy—2nd Edition

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 February 2025 | Viewed by 4642

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, Ljudevita Gaja 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Interests: chemotherapy; chemoresistance; cancer biology; colon cancer; cell signaling; proteomics; lipidomics; sphingolipids; biomarkers; personalised medicine
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The development of chemoresistance represents a significant hurdle for successfully treating cancer. Many scientific findings from recent preclinical and clinical studies have undoubtedly broadened our current knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the development of cancer drug resistance, paving the way for the design of novel therapeutic strategies for patients with refractory cancer. In particular, numerous genomics studies have already been conducted in different cancer types to uncover the significant molecular players governing cancer progression and treatment response; these data are publicly available in various cancer databases and repositories. However, the more comprehensive characterisation of cancer drug resistance encompassing different layers of molecular information (e.g., transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, medical/mass-spectrometry imaging, etc.), the integration and analysis of data from public cancer data repositories and newly obtained experimental data using artificial intelligence tools could facilitate the data-driven identification of crucial molecular features in chemoresistance. In addition, the discovery of novel biomarkers that could enable the monitoring of treatment response for timely identification of cancer patients with an increased risk of disease recurrence holds promise in improving the management of cancer patients. In this Special Issue of IJMS, we welcome basic and translational studies that address all issues pertinent to cancer drug resistance, including the following: the discovery of novel molecular mechanisms and druggable targets for chemoresistance; the identification of novel prognostic and predictive biomarkers of chemoresistance to enable patient stratification and tailored treatment; the application of bioinformatics and artificial intelligence tools for drug response prediction, risk stratification and the elucidation of chemoresistance mechanisms by integrating different molecular information; and the discovery of novel combinations of clinically approved anticancer drugs with chemotherapy-sensitising agents to overcome chemoresistance in cancer patients.

More published papers can be found in the closed Special Issue of our first edition: Combating Drug Resistance in Cancer—from Novel Biomarkers to Enhanced Therapeutic Efficacy.

Dr. Mirela Sedic
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • chemoresistance
  • biomarker
  • artificial intelligence
  • bioinformatics
  • -omics
  • anti-cancer drug response prediction
  • risk stratification
  • rational cancer treatment combinations

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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22 pages, 6491 KiB  
Article
Formononetin Defeats Multidrug-Resistant Cancers by Induction of Oxidative Stress and Suppression of P-Glycoprotein
by Ying-Tzu Chang, I-Ting Wu, Ming-Jyh Sheu, Yu-Hsuan Lan and Chin-Chuan Hung
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(15), 8471; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25158471 - 2 Aug 2024
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Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) remains the most difficult problem facing conventional chemotherapy for cancers. Astragalus membranaceus is a historically traditional Chinese medicine. One of its bioactive components, formononetin, exhibits antitumor effects on various cancers. However, the effects of formononetin on MDR cancers have not [...] Read more.
Multidrug resistance (MDR) remains the most difficult problem facing conventional chemotherapy for cancers. Astragalus membranaceus is a historically traditional Chinese medicine. One of its bioactive components, formononetin, exhibits antitumor effects on various cancers. However, the effects of formononetin on MDR cancers have not been evaluated. Therefore, we investigated the defense’s effects of formononetin on MDR. We used rhodamine 123 and doxorubicin efflux assays to analyze the inhibition kinetics of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) mediated-efflux. Cell viability was detected by sulforhodamine B assay, and the synergistic effects of formononetin combined with chemotherapeutic agents were further calculated using CompuSyn software. Molecular docking was performed with iGEMDOCK. We discovered that formononetin considerably induced oxidative stress and the disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential in MDR cancer cells. Furthermore, formononetin inhibits the P-gp efflux function by ATPase stimulation and the uncompetitive inhibition of P-gp-mediated effluxes of rhodamine 123 and doxorubicin. The molecular docking model indicates that formononetin may bind to P-gp by strong hydrogen bonds at Arginine (Arg) 489 and Glutamine (Gln) 912. Formononetin exhibits significant synergistic effects with vincristine and doxorubicin toward MDR cancer cells, and it synergistically suppressed tumor growth in vivo with paclitaxel. These results suggest that formononetin should be seen as a potential candidate for the adjuvant therapy of MDR cancers. Full article
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25 pages, 10171 KiB  
Communication
Ezrin Inhibition Overcomes Acquired Resistance to Vemurafenib in BRAFV600E-Mutated Colon Cancer and Melanoma Cells In Vitro
by Iris Car, Antje Dittmann, Olga Vasieva, Luka Bočkor, Petra Grbčić, Nikolina Piteša, Marko Klobučar, Sandra Kraljević Pavelić and Mirela Sedić
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(16), 12906; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241612906 - 17 Aug 2023
Viewed by 2021
Abstract
Despite the advancements in targeted therapy for BRAFV600E-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), the development of resistance to BRAFV600E inhibition limits the response rate and durability of the treatment. Better understanding of the resistance mechanisms to BRAF inhibitors will facilitate the design of novel [...] Read more.
Despite the advancements in targeted therapy for BRAFV600E-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), the development of resistance to BRAFV600E inhibition limits the response rate and durability of the treatment. Better understanding of the resistance mechanisms to BRAF inhibitors will facilitate the design of novel pharmacological strategies for BRAF-mutated mCRC. The aim of this study was to identify novel protein candidates involved in acquired resistance to BRAFV600E inhibitor vemurafenib in BRAFV600E-mutated colon cancer cells using an integrated proteomics approach. Bioinformatic analysis of obtained proteomics data indicated actin-cytoskeleton linker protein ezrin as a highly ranked protein significantly associated with vemurafenib resistance whose overexpression in the resistant cells was additionally confirmed at the gene and protein level. Ezrin inhibition by NSC305787 increased anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of vemurafenib in the resistant cells in an additive manner, which was accompanied by downregulation of CD44 expression and inhibition of AKT/c-Myc activities. We also detected an increased ezrin expression in vemurafenib-resistant melanoma cells harbouring the BRAFV600E mutation. Importantly, ezrin inhibition potentiated anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of vemurafenib in the resistant melanoma cells in a synergistic manner. Altogether, our study suggests a role of ezrin in acquired resistance to vemurafenib in colon cancer and melanoma cells carrying the BRAFV600E mutation and supports further pre-clinical and clinical studies to explore the benefits of combined BRAF inhibitors and actin-targeting drugs as a potential therapeutic approach for BRAFV600E-mutated cancers. Full article
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Review

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16 pages, 742 KiB  
Review
Proteolysis Targeting Chimera Agents (PROTACs): New Hope for Overcoming the Resistance Mechanisms in Oncogene-Addicted Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
by Nicoletta Cordani, Daniele Nova, Luca Sala, Maria Ida Abbate, Francesca Colonese, Diego Luigi Cortinovis and Stefania Canova
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(20), 11214; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252011214 - 18 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1008
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a disease with a poor prognosis despite the advances in therapies. NSCLC with actionable oncogenic alterations represent a subgroup of diseases for which tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have shown relevant and robust impact on prognosis, both in [...] Read more.
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a disease with a poor prognosis despite the advances in therapies. NSCLC with actionable oncogenic alterations represent a subgroup of diseases for which tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have shown relevant and robust impact on prognosis, both in early and advanced stages. While the introduction of powerful TKIs increases the ratio of potentially curable patients, the disease does develop resistance over time through either secondary mutations or bypass activating tracks. Therefore, new treatment strategies are being developed to either overcome this inevitable resistance or to prevent it, and proteolysis targeting chimera agents (PROTACs) are among them. They consist of two linked molecules that bind to a target protein and an E3 ubiquitin ligase that causes ubiquitination and degradation of proteins of interest. In this paper, we review the rationale for PROTAC therapy and the current development of PROTACs for oncogene-addicted lung cancer. Moreover, we critically analyze the strengths and limitations of this promising technique that may help pave the way for future perspectives. Full article
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Planned Papers

The below list represents only planned manuscripts. Some of these manuscripts have not been received by the Editorial Office yet. Papers submitted to MDPI journals are subject to peer-review.

Proteolysis targeting chimera agents: New hope for overcoming the resistance mechanisms in oncogene-addicted non-small cell lung cancer

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