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Advanced Research on Immune Cells and Cytokines (2nd Edition)

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2024 | Viewed by 3233

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Athanasia Mouzaki

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, 26504 Patras, Greece
Interests: cellular and molecular immunology; immunohematology; T-cells; cytokines; transcription; HIV-1; autoimmunity
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is a continuation of our previous Special Issue “Advanced Research on Immune Cells and Cytokines”.

In recent years, there have been tremendous developments pertaining to biotechnological methods that have made it possible for researchers to identify and better characterize immune system cells and the cytokines they secrete. New cell types and cytokines have been described and new functions have been uncovered, leading to a better understanding of the immune response and how it Is influenced by other physiological systems. Some of this research is being translated into novel immunomodulatory treatments, many of which fall short of the new insights that are emerging from in vitro and animal studies.

For this topic, we invite contributions describing new data on immune cells and cytokines in all areas of molecular, cellular, and clinical immunology.

In particular, we welcome contributions that describe:

(1) new functions of cells and cytokines;
(2) new mechanistic insights into their disease function;
(3) new data for the use of immune cells and cytokines in the diagnosis and treatment of immune diseases.

Prof. Dr. Athanasia Mouzaki
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • immune cells
  • cytokines
  • immunomodulatory treatments
  • immune diseases
  • immune system

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 2426 KiB  
Article
Insights of Expression Profile of Chemokine Family in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Carcinogenesis
by Yinjie Zhang, Yue Jin, Yanjing Wang, Siyi Wang, Yuchen Niu, Buyong Ma and Jingjing Li
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(19), 10857; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251910857 - 9 Oct 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 825
Abstract
Chemokines are integral components of the immune system and deeply involved in the pathogenesis and progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC). Although a considerable amount of transcriptome data has been accumulated on these diseases, most of them are limited [...] Read more.
Chemokines are integral components of the immune system and deeply involved in the pathogenesis and progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC). Although a considerable amount of transcriptome data has been accumulated on these diseases, most of them are limited to a specific stage of the disease. The purpose of this study is to visually demonstrate the dynamic changes in chemokines across various stages of bowel diseases by integrating relevant datasets. Integrating the existing datasets for IBD and CRC, we compare the expression changes of chemokines across different pathological stages. This study collected 11 clinical databases from various medical centers around the world. Patients: Data of patient tissue types were classified into IBD, colorectal adenoma, primary carcinoma, metastasis, and healthy control according to the publisher’s annotation. The expression changes in chemokines in various pathological stages are statistically analyzed. The chemokines were clustered by different expression patterns. The chemokine family was clustered into four distinct expression patterns, which correspond to varying expression changes in different stages of colitis and tumor development. Certain chemokines and receptors associated with inflammation and tumorigenesis have been identified. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis model and the azoxymethane (AOM)/ dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colon cancer model shows stronger correlations with the clinical data in terms of chemokine expression levels. This study paints a panoramic picture of the expression profiles of chemokine families at multiple stages from IBD to advanced colon cancer, facilitating a comprehensive understanding of the regulation patterns of chemokines and guiding the direction of drug development. This study provides researchers with a clear atlas of chemokine expression in the pathological processes of inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research on Immune Cells and Cytokines (2nd Edition))
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16 pages, 2236 KiB  
Article
Radiofrequency Currents Modulate Inflammatory Processes in Keratinocytes
by Elena Toledano-Macías, María Antonia Martínez-Pascual, Almudena Cecilia-Matilla, Mariano Bermejo-Martínez, Alfonso Pérez-González, Rosa Cristina Jara, Silvia Sacristán and María Luisa Hernández-Bule
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(19), 10663; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251910663 - 3 Oct 2024
Viewed by 700
Abstract
Keratinocytes play an essential role in the inflammatory phase of wound regeneration. In addition to migrating and proliferating for tissue regeneration, they produce a large amount of cytokines that modulate the inflammatory process. Previous studies have shown that subthermal treatment with radiofrequency (RF) [...] Read more.
Keratinocytes play an essential role in the inflammatory phase of wound regeneration. In addition to migrating and proliferating for tissue regeneration, they produce a large amount of cytokines that modulate the inflammatory process. Previous studies have shown that subthermal treatment with radiofrequency (RF) currents used in capacitive resistive electric transfer (CRET) therapy promotes the proliferation of HaCat keratinocytes and modulates their cytokine production. Although physical therapies have been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects in a variety of experimental models and in patients, knowledge of the biological basis of these effects is still limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of CRET on keratinocyte proliferation, cytokine production (IL-8, MCP-1, RANTES, IL-6, IL-11), TNF-α secretion, and the expression of MMP9, MMP1, NF-κB, ERK1/2, and EGFR. Human keratinocytes (HaCat) were treated with an intermittent 448 kHz electric current (CRET signal) in subthermal conditions and for different periods of time. Cell proliferation was analyzed by XTT assay, cytokine and TNF-α production by ELISA, NF-κB expression and activation by immunofluorescence, and MMP9, MMP1, ERK1/2, and EGF receptor expression and activation by immunoblot. Compared to a control, CRET increases keratinocyte proliferation, increases the transient release of MCP-1, TNF-α, and IL-6 while decreasing IL-8. In addition, it modifies the expression of MMPs and activates EGFR, NF-κB, and ERK1/2 proteins. Our results indicate that CRET reasonably modifies cytokine production through the EGF receptor and the ERK1/2/NF-κB pathway, ultimately modulating the inflammatory response of human keratinocytes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research on Immune Cells and Cytokines (2nd Edition))
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13 pages, 2163 KiB  
Article
Distinct Variations in Gene Expression and Cell Composition across Lichen Planus Subtypes
by Cadri Knoch, Veronika Baghin, Patrick Turko, Nicola Winkelbeiner, Ramon Staeger, Kongchang Wei, Irina Banzola, Mark Mellett, Mitchell P. Levesque, Thomas Kuendig, Lars E. French, Lucie Heinzerling and Barbara Meier-Schiesser
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(17), 9720; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179720 - 8 Sep 2024
Viewed by 684
Abstract
Lichen planus (LP) is a highly prevalent inflammatory skin disease. While various clinical subtypes have been defined, detailed comparisons of these variants are lacking. This study aimed to elucidate differences in gene expression and cellular composition across LP subtypes. Lesional skin biopsies from [...] Read more.
Lichen planus (LP) is a highly prevalent inflammatory skin disease. While various clinical subtypes have been defined, detailed comparisons of these variants are lacking. This study aimed to elucidate differences in gene expression and cellular composition across LP subtypes. Lesional skin biopsies from 28 LP patients (classical, oral, genital, and lichen planopilaris) and seven non-diseased skin controls (NDC) were analyzed. Gene expression profiling of 730 inflammation-related genes was conducted using NanoString. Immune cell compositions were assessed by multiplex immunohistochemistry. Gene expression profiles revealed unique inflammatory signatures for each LP subtype. Lichen planopilaris exhibited the most divergence, with downregulated gene expression and upregulation of complement pathway genes (C5-7), along with elevated M2 macrophages. Oral and genital LP demonstrated similar profiles with strong upregulation of TNF-related and Toll-like receptor-associated genes. Oral LP showed the highest upregulation of cytotoxicity-associated genes, as well as high numbers of CD8+ IL-17A+ (Tc17) cells (8.02%). Interferon gene signatures were strongly upregulated in oral and classical LP. The study highlights distinct differences in inflammatory gene expression and cell composition across LP subtypes, emphasizing the need for tailored therapeutic approaches. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research on Immune Cells and Cytokines (2nd Edition))
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Review

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14 pages, 1206 KiB  
Review
The Enigmatic Interplay of Interleukin-10 in the Synergy of HIV Infection Comorbid with Preeclampsia
by Shirelle Janine Naidoo and Thajasvarie Naicker
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(17), 9434; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179434 - 30 Aug 2024
Viewed by 735
Abstract
Cytokines coordinate the intricate choreography of the immune system, directing cellular activities that mediate inflammation, pathogen defense, pathology and tissue repair. Within this spectrum, the anti-inflammatory prowess of interleukin-10 (IL-10) predominates in immune homeostasis. In normal pregnancy, the dynamic shift of IL-10 across [...] Read more.
Cytokines coordinate the intricate choreography of the immune system, directing cellular activities that mediate inflammation, pathogen defense, pathology and tissue repair. Within this spectrum, the anti-inflammatory prowess of interleukin-10 (IL-10) predominates in immune homeostasis. In normal pregnancy, the dynamic shift of IL-10 across trimesters maintains maternal immune tolerance ensuring fetal development and pregnancy success. Unravelling the dysregulation of IL-10 in pregnancy complications is vital, particularly in the heightened inflammatory condition of preeclampsia. Of note, a reduction in IL-10 levels contributes to endothelial dysfunction. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, a complex interplay of IL-10 occurs, displaying a paradoxical paradigm of being immune-protective yet aiding viral persistence. Genetic variations in the IL-10 gene further modulate susceptibility to HIV infection and preeclampsia, albeit with nuanced effects across populations. This review outlines the conceptual framework underlying the role of IL-10 in the duality of normal pregnancy and preeclampsia together with HIV infection, thus highlighting its regulatory mechanisms and genetic influences. Synthesizing these findings in immune modulation presents avenues for therapeutic interventions in pregnancy complications comorbid with HIV infection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research on Immune Cells and Cytokines (2nd Edition))
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