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Thyroid-Related Diseases: Molecular Pathology, Diagnosis and Treatment: 2nd Edition
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Thyroid-Related Diseases: Molecular Pathology, Diagnosis and Treatment: 2nd Edition

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 December 2024 | Viewed by 8436

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Maurizio Martini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Università degli Studi di Messina, Piazza Pugliatti, 1, 98122 Messina, ME, Italy
Interests: Molecular Pathology, CNS tumors, Hemopathology, Uropathology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Vincenzo Fiorentino

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Università degli Studi di Messina, Piazza Pugliatti, 1, 98122 Messina, ME, Italy
Interests: uropathology; hematopathology; thyroid pathology; molecular pathology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Molecular testing is becoming increasingly important in thyroid pathology and is now recommended by the American Thyroid Association (ATA), National Comprehensive Cancer Network, and UpToDate. Molecular tests can help to identify malignant neoplasms within the group of cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules. They can detect specific mutations for thyroid cancer, such as BRAF and RET/PTC, and can help to reduce the number of unnecessary diagnostic surgeries. Therefore, molecular analyses can guide appropriate treatment for thyroid nodules, providing clinically valuable diagnostic information and aiding physicians in the management of indeterminate thyroid nodules.

In this context, this Special Issue aims to cover all sectors of research based on molecular characterization of thyroid nodules. It will include original research, review articles, and short communications on molecular mechanisms implied in thyroid pathology and their potential therapeutic implications.

Dr. Maurizio Martini
Dr. Vincenzo Fiorentino
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • thyroid disease
  • thyroid nodules
  • thyroid cancer
  • thyroid carcinoma
  • thyroid radiology
  • thyroid–gut axis
  • autoimmune thyroid disorders
  • thyroid hormone
  • molecular mechanisms
  • molecular tests

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 2222 KiB  
Article
Histologic Evaluation of Thyroid Nodules Treated with Thermal Ablation: An Institutional Experience
by Fernanda Russotto, Vincenzo Fiorentino, Cristina Pizzimenti, Marina Gloria Micali, Mariausilia Franchina, Ludovica Pepe, Giuseppe Riganati, Walter Giordano, Emilia Magliolo, Serenella Ristagno, Esther Diana Rossi, Giovanni Tuccari, Maurizio Martini, Antonio Ieni and Guido Fadda
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(18), 10182; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251810182 - 22 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1102
Abstract
Thyroid nodules are a common, benign condition with a higher prevalence in women, individuals with iodine deficiency, and radiation exposure. Treatment options for benign thyroid nodules include pharmaceutical therapy, thyroidectomy, and thermal ablation (TA). TA, including laser ablation (LA), radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and [...] Read more.
Thyroid nodules are a common, benign condition with a higher prevalence in women, individuals with iodine deficiency, and radiation exposure. Treatment options for benign thyroid nodules include pharmaceutical therapy, thyroidectomy, and thermal ablation (TA). TA, including laser ablation (LA), radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and microwave ablation (MWA), is a procedure that uses heat to cause tissue necrosis. It is commonly used for large, firm, benign, non-functioning thyroid nodules that cause severe symptoms or pain when surgery is not recommended or desired. When thyroid nodules do not respond to TA, they undergo surgery to resolve the symptoms and clarify the diagnosis. This study aims to analyze the histological alterations found in surgically excised TA-treated thyroid nodules and to evaluate the morphological criteria of differential diagnosis between benign and malignant nodules, establishing whether the alterations observed on the histological sample are a consequence of TA or indicative of neoplastic disease. For this purpose, the adoption of ancillary methods, such as immunohistochemistry, is fundamental to distinguish the artifacts induced by TA from the typical morphological characteristics of malignant neoplasms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thyroid-Related Diseases: Molecular Pathology, Diagnosis and Treatment: 2nd Edition)
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Review

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15 pages, 990 KiB  
Review
LT4/LT3 Combination Therapy vs. Monotherapy with LT4 for Persistent Symptoms of Hypothyroidism: A Systematic Review
by Hernando Vargas-Uricoechea and Leonard Wartofsky
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(17), 9218; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179218 - 25 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1892
Abstract
Regardless of the cause, hypothyroidism should be treated with levothyroxine. The objectives of management are the normalization of TSH levels and the relief of symptoms. In general, the vast majority of patients who achieve normalization of TSH levels show a resolution of symptoms; [...] Read more.
Regardless of the cause, hypothyroidism should be treated with levothyroxine. The objectives of management are the normalization of TSH levels and the relief of symptoms. In general, the vast majority of patients who achieve normalization of TSH levels show a resolution of symptoms; however, for a small number of individuals, symptoms persist (despite adequate control of TSH). This scenario generates a dilemma in the therapeutic approach to these patients, because even when excluding other causes or concomitant diseases that can explain the persistence of symptoms, pharmacological management strategies are scarce. Consequently, the efficacy of some less conventional approaches to therapy, such as the use of LT3 monotherapy, desiccated thyroid extracts, and LT4/LT3 combinations, in addressing persistent hypothyroid symptoms have been evaluated in multiple studies. The majority of these studies did not observe a significant benefit from these “nonconventional” therapies in comparison to results with LT4 monotherapy alone. Nevertheless, some studies report that a significant proportion of patients prefer an alternative to monotherapy with LT4. The most common approach has been to prescribe a combination of LT4 and LT3, and this review describes and analyzes the current evidence of the efficacy of LT4/LT3 combination therapy vs. LT4 monotherapy in addressing persistent hypothyroidism symptoms to provide suggested guidelines for clinicians in the management of these patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thyroid-Related Diseases: Molecular Pathology, Diagnosis and Treatment: 2nd Edition)
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36 pages, 1254 KiB  
Review
Do Brassica Vegetables Affect Thyroid Function?—A Comprehensive Systematic Review
by Agnieszka Galanty, Marta Grudzińska, Wojciech Paździora, Piotr Służały and Paweł Paśko
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(7), 3988; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25073988 - 3 Apr 2024
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4944
Abstract
Brassica vegetables are widely consumed all over the world, especially in North America, Asia, and Europe. They are a rich source of sulfur compounds, such as glucosinolates (GLSs) and isothiocyanates (ITCs), which provide health benefits but are also suspected of having a goitrogenic [...] Read more.
Brassica vegetables are widely consumed all over the world, especially in North America, Asia, and Europe. They are a rich source of sulfur compounds, such as glucosinolates (GLSs) and isothiocyanates (ITCs), which provide health benefits but are also suspected of having a goitrogenic effect. Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review to assess the impact of dietary interventions on thyroid function, in terms of the potential risk for people with thyroid dysfunctions. We analyzed the results of 123 articles of in vitro, animal, and human studies, describing the impact of brassica plants and extracts on thyroid mass and histology, blood levels of TSH, T3, T4, iodine uptake, and the effect on thyroid cancer cells. We also presented the mechanisms of the goitrogenic potential of GLSs and ITCs, the limitations of the studies included, as well as further research directions. The vast majority of the results cast doubt on previous assumptions claiming that brassica plants have antithyroid effects in humans. Instead, they indicate that including brassica vegetables in the daily diet, particularly when accompanied by adequate iodine intake, poses no adverse effects on thyroid function. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thyroid-Related Diseases: Molecular Pathology, Diagnosis and Treatment: 2nd Edition)
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