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Molecular Research on Neuroblastoma: Current Status and Future Perspectives

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2023) | Viewed by 6801

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
Interests: neuroblastoma; telomere maintenance in neuroblastoma; MYCN amplification; epigenetics; neural crest cells; long-noncoding RNAs; drug combination

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Neuroblastoma (NB) is a childhood cancer that accounts for 8–15% of mortality of all childhood cancer. NB is a very heterogeneous disease depending on the treatment outcome. In the case of low-risk NB response to available therapy is better and survival outcome is good. On the contrary high-risk NB often do not respond to multimodal therapy and show relapse. A group of NB tumors also show spontaneous regression without any requirement for treatments. So, understanding the molecular mechanism which drives this heterogenicity in NB will help us to design treatment strategies that are more effective with less toxicity.

High-risk NB tumors usually have active telomere maintenance mechanisms by activation of Telomerase or by alternative lengthening (ALT) of telomeres. Amplification of MYCN oncogene and mutation in the Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) Receptor is frequently found in high-risk NB. Genomic aberration like 11q deletion or 17q gain is usually associated with the worst disease prognosis. NB is a disease of differentiation where embryonal migrating trunk neural crest cells fail to differentiate properly resulting in tumor formation. In recent years there is an increasing interest in Single-Cell RNA Sequencing of NB tumors to dissect the developmental trajectories and identify the cell types which contribute to NB tumor formation. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) also identified important genes which are associated with high-risk NB development using a large cohort of NB patients. GWAS studies also revealed long-noncoding RNAs which can contribute to the differentiation of trunk neural crest cells, thereby in NB tumor formation. Epigenetics plays a critical role in the maintenance of the transcriptional status of NB cells by maintaining active enhancers and thus provides flexibility to NB tumors to switch between adrenergic and mesenchymal lineages.

In this Special Issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences, we would like to invite authors to contribute with original research and review articles on different aspects of neuroblastoma research including molecular mechanisms which contribute to tumor formation, NB models, mechanisms of metastasis and relapse, telomere maintenance mechanism, tumor plasticity, and microenvironment, Single-cell RNA Sequencing, targeted treatment strategies, the contribution of noncoding RNAs, the role of epigenetics and transcription factors. The interest of this special issue will not be limited to the topics described here but rather will cover all types of original articles and reviews on molecular NB research. This will further enhance our understanding on NB disease mechanisms and help to design novel therapeutic strategies against high-risk NB.

Dr. Tanmoy Mondal
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • neuroblastoma
  • neural crest cells
  • telomeres
  • epigenetics
  • drug combination
  • novel therapy
  • disease models
  • single-cell RNA sequencing
  • non-coding RNA
  • tumor cell plasticity

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 2146 KiB  
Article
Sensitivity of Neuroblastoma and Induced Neural Progenitor Cells to High-Intensity THz Radiation
by Dmitry Sitnikov, Veronika Revkova, Inna Ilina, Rimma Shatalova, Pavel Komarov, Evgenia Struleva, Mikhail Konoplyannikov, Vladimir Kalsin and Vladimir Baklaushev
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(7), 6558; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076558 - 31 Mar 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2300
Abstract
THz radiation induces a variety of processes in cells and has attracted the attention of researchers in recent decades. Here, data on the effects of high-intensity terahertz (THz) radiation on human directly reprogrammed neural progenitor cells (drNPCs) and on neuroblastoma cells (SK-N-BE (2)) [...] Read more.
THz radiation induces a variety of processes in cells and has attracted the attention of researchers in recent decades. Here, data on the effects of high-intensity terahertz (THz) radiation on human directly reprogrammed neural progenitor cells (drNPCs) and on neuroblastoma cells (SK-N-BE (2)) were obtained for the first time. The results demonstrated that the exposure of non-tumor and tumor cells to broadband (0.1–3 THz) THz pulses with the intensity of 21 GW/cm2 and the electric field strength of 2.8 MV/cm for 30 min induced neither a noticeable genotoxic effect nor a statistically significant change in the proliferative activity and cell differentiation. It was also shown that the combined effect of THz radiation and salinomycin, a promising antitumor agent, on neuroblastoma cells did not enhance the genotoxic effect of this antibiotic. However, further studies involving chemotherapy drugs and other exposure parameters are warranted to introduce this new concept into anti-tumor clinical practice and to enhance the efficacy of the existing approaches. Full article
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Review

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18 pages, 1112 KiB  
Review
Biological Insight and Recent Advancement in the Treatment of Neuroblastoma
by Zoriamin Rivera, Carlos Escutia, Mary Beth Madonna and Kajal H. Gupta
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(10), 8470; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24108470 - 9 May 2023
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4000
Abstract
One of the most frequent solid tumors in children is neuroblastoma, which has a variety of clinical behaviors that are mostly influenced by the biology of the tumor. Unique characteristics of neuroblastoma includes its early age of onset, its propensity for spontaneous tumor [...] Read more.
One of the most frequent solid tumors in children is neuroblastoma, which has a variety of clinical behaviors that are mostly influenced by the biology of the tumor. Unique characteristics of neuroblastoma includes its early age of onset, its propensity for spontaneous tumor regression in newborns, and its high prevalence of metastatic disease at diagnosis in individuals older than 1 year of age. Immunotherapeutic techniques have been added to the previously enlisted chemotherapeutic treatments as therapeutic choices. A groundbreaking new treatment for hematological malignancies is adoptive cell therapy, specifically chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy. However, due to the immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME) of neuroblastoma tumor, this treatment approach faces difficulties. Numerous tumor-associated genes and antigens, including the MYCN proto-oncogene (MYCN) and disialoganglioside (GD2) surface antigen, have been found by the molecular analysis of neuroblastoma cells. The MYCN gene and GD2 are two of the most useful immunotherapy findings for neuroblastoma. The tumor cells devise numerous methods to evade immune identification or modify the activity of immune cells. In addition to addressing the difficulties and potential advancements of immunotherapies for neuroblastoma, this review attempts to identify important immunological actors and biological pathways involved in the dynamic interaction between the TME and immune system. Full article
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