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Celiac Disease: Genetics, Pathogenesis and Therapy: 2nd Edition

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 August 2024) | Viewed by 3532

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
Interests: celiac disease; liver disease; gastroenterology; immunology; molecular genetics
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is the continuation of our previous Special Issue, “Celiac Disease: Genetics, Pathogenesis and Therapy 2.0”.

Celiac disease is regarded as an autoimmune disorder triggered, in genetically predisposed individuals, by exposure to gluten. Throughout the years, our understanding of celiac disease has changed quite dramatically, and data obtained by several research groups have allowed us to better define the pathogenesis of this multifactorial disorder.

Although it is known that a specific HLA is necessary for the development of the disease, the presence of the DQ2.5 or DQ8 heterodimer is not sufficient; several loci, harboring genes involved in the immune response, have been identified using GWAS, but still about 50% of genetic predisposition is unknown.

Thus, further clarification of the genetic as well as pathogenetic mechanisms is still needed. This could include the evaluation of epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, but also of the role of miRNAs and other non-coding RNAs. Further, the interactions between the various gliadin peptides and specific cellular pathways can still provide additional data that could help to further elucidate the mechanisms involved in the generation of intestinal damage. Last but not least, we should consider the role of microbiota, in particular regarding its ability to interact with gluten peptides but also with the intestinal immune system.

The understanding of pathogenetic pathways allows us to identify possible targets for new therapies, among which there could be molecules that are able to prevent gliadin peptide intestinal passage and their interaction with transglutaminase and/or the immune system. A deeper understanding of the microbiota could also provide different therapeutic strategies, aiming to degrade gliadin or to reduce the inflammatory milieu.

This Special Issue could thus represent a collection of the current knowledge about celiac disease, ranging from genetics to new therapies; for this reason, I am glad to invite all our colleagues working in this field to contribute to this new Special Issue with reviews or original data.

Dr. Donatella Barisani
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • celiac disease
  • gliadin
  • gluten
  • innate immunity
  • adaptive immunity
  • gene expression
  • transglutaminase
  • epigenetics
  • miRNA
  • incRNA

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

13 pages, 1519 KiB  
Review
Expression of MicroRNAs in Adults with Celiac Disease: A Narrative Review
by Francielen Furieri Rigo, Ellen Cristina Souza de Oliveira, Ana Elisa Valencise Quaglio, Bruna Damásio Moutinho, Luiz Claudio Di Stasi and Ligia Yukie Sassaki
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(17), 9412; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179412 - 30 Aug 2024
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Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy triggered by the ingestion of proline- and glutamine-rich proteins, widely termed “gluten”, in genetically susceptible individuals. CD induces an altered immune response that leads to chronic inflammation and duodenal mucosal damage. Currently, there are no specific [...] Read more.
Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy triggered by the ingestion of proline- and glutamine-rich proteins, widely termed “gluten”, in genetically susceptible individuals. CD induces an altered immune response that leads to chronic inflammation and duodenal mucosal damage. Currently, there are no specific tests for the accurate diagnosis of CD, and no drugs are available to treat this condition. The only available treatment strategy is lifelong adherence to a gluten-free diet. However, some studies have investigated the involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in CD pathogenesis. miRNAs are small noncoding ribonucleic acid molecules that regulate gene expression. Despite the growing number of studies on the role of miRNAs in autoimmune disorders, data on miRNAs and CD are scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to perform a literature review to summarize CD, miRNAs, and the potential interactions between miRNAs and CD in adults. This review shows that miRNA expression can suppress or stimulate pathways related to CD pathogenesis by regulating cell proliferation and differentiation, regulatory T-cell development, innate immune response, activation of the inflammatory cascade, focal adhesion, T-cell commitment, tissue transglutaminase synthesis, and cell cycle. Thus, identifying miRNAs and their related effects on CD could open new possibilities for diagnosis, prognosis, and follow-up of biomarkers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Celiac Disease: Genetics, Pathogenesis and Therapy: 2nd Edition)
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10 pages, 716 KiB  
Review
Bacteria: Potential Make-or-Break Determinants of Celiac Disease
by Ana Roque and Sónia Gonçalves Pereira
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(4), 2090; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25042090 - 8 Feb 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1908
Abstract
Celiac disease is an autoimmune disease triggered by dietary gluten in genetically susceptible individuals that primarily affects the small intestinal mucosa. The sole treatment is a gluten-free diet that places a social and economic burden on patients and fails, in some, to lead [...] Read more.
Celiac disease is an autoimmune disease triggered by dietary gluten in genetically susceptible individuals that primarily affects the small intestinal mucosa. The sole treatment is a gluten-free diet that places a social and economic burden on patients and fails, in some, to lead to symptomatic or mucosal healing. Thus, an alternative treatment has long been sought after. Clinical studies on celiac disease have shown an association between the presence of certain microbes and disease outcomes. However, the mechanisms that underlie the effects of microbes in celiac disease remain unclear. Recent studies have employed disease models that have provided insights into disease mechanisms possibly mediated by bacteria in celiac disease. Here, we have reviewed the bacteria and related mechanisms identified so far that might protect from or incite the development of celiac disease. Evidence indicates bacteria play a role in celiac disease and it is worth continuing to explore this, particularly since few studies, to the best of our knowledge, have focused on establishing a mechanistic link between bacteria and celiac disease. Uncovering host–microbe interactions and their influence on host responses to gluten may enable the discovery of pathogenic targets and development of new therapeutic or preventive approaches. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Celiac Disease: Genetics, Pathogenesis and Therapy: 2nd Edition)
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