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Advances in Molecular Pathophysiology of Diabetes, Hypertension and Cardiovascular Diseases

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Guest Editor
Head of Clinical and Interventional Cardiology Unit, Policlinico San Marco, 24040 Zingonia, Italy
Interests: interventional cardiology; complex PCI; CHIP; mechanical circulatory support
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases represent the leading cause of death worldwide. The importance and the prevalence of diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases are growing also due to the aging population with more and more comorbidities. The advances in the understanding of molecular pathophysiology are crucial to develop new treatment strategies for these diseases.

In this Special Issue, we will discuss known and novel molecular pathways that impact in the occurrence and in the treatment of diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, and that can also represent novel molecular targets.

Dr. Alessandro Durante
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • diabetes
  • hypertension
  • cardiology
  • cardiovascular diseases
  • coronary artery diseases
  • athero-sclerosis

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

16 pages, 1303 KiB  
Review
Systemic and Cardiac Microvascular Dysfunction in Hypertension
by Alessandro Durante, Alessandro Mazzapicchi and Martina Baiardo Redaelli
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(24), 13294; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252413294 - 11 Dec 2024
Viewed by 944
Abstract
Hypertension exerts a profound impact on the microcirculation, causing both structural and functional alterations that contribute to systemic and organ-specific vascular damage. The microcirculation, comprising arterioles, capillaries, and venules with diameters smaller than 20 μm, plays a fundamental role in oxygen delivery, nutrient [...] Read more.
Hypertension exerts a profound impact on the microcirculation, causing both structural and functional alterations that contribute to systemic and organ-specific vascular damage. The microcirculation, comprising arterioles, capillaries, and venules with diameters smaller than 20 μm, plays a fundamental role in oxygen delivery, nutrient exchange, and maintaining tissue homeostasis. In the context of hypertension, microvascular remodeling and rarefaction result in reduced vessel density and elasticity, increasing vascular resistance and driving end-organ damage. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying hypertensive microvascular dysfunction include endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and excessive collagen deposition. These changes impair nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and promote inflammation and fibrosis. These processes lead to progressive vascular stiffening and dysfunction, with significant implications for multiple organs, including the heart, kidneys, brain, and retina. This review underscores the pivotal role of microvascular dysfunction in hypertension-related complications and highlights the importance of early detection and therapeutic interventions. Strategies aimed at optimizing blood pressure control, improving endothelial function, and targeting oxidative stress and vascular remodeling are critical to mitigating the systemic consequences of hypertensive microvascular damage and reducing the burden of related cardiovascular and renal diseases. Full article
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