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Regulation Mechanism of Osteoblast/Osteoclast Differentiation
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Regulation Mechanism of Osteoblast/Osteoclast Differentiation

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 4105

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Hyung-Mun Yun

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Guest Editor
Department of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
Interests: molecular and cellular pathology; 5-hydroxytryptamine; differentiation; regeneration; bone; CNS
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Kyung-Ran Park

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Gwangju 61751, Republic of Korea
Interests: stem cell; differentiation; regeneration; aging; cancer; bone
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts plays a central role in bone formation and remodeling by tightly regulating bone matrix mineralization. Pathologically, impaired differentiation induces bone diseases such as osteoporosis and associated diseases such as cancer and metabolic diseases. Therefore, research targeting osteoblast or osteoclast differentiation is attracting attention as a promising strategy for the prevention and treatment of these diseases. This Special Issue focuses on the “Regulation Mechanism of Osteoblast/Osteoclast Differentiation”, contributing to bone development, formation, remodeling, and diseases through in vitro and/or in vivo studies. We warmly welcome submissions, including original papers and reviews, on this widely discussed topic.

Prof. Dr. Hyung-Mun Yun
Dr. Kyung-Ran Park
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • bioactive compound
  • bone formation
  • bone remodeling
  • bone diseases
  • cancer
  • osteoblast
  • osteoclast

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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20 pages, 4444 KiB  
Article
Smart Delivery of Biomolecules Interfering with Peri-Implant Repair in Osteoporotic Rats
by Laura Vidoto Paludetto, Naara Gabriela Monteiro, Isadora Breseghello, Fábio Roberto de Souza Batista, Cristina Antoniali, Paulo Noronha Lisboa-Filho and Roberta Okamoto
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(16), 8963; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168963 - 17 Aug 2024
Viewed by 678
Abstract
Bisphosphonates are widely used for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis; however, they cause several long-term side effects, necessitating the investigation of local ways to improve osseointegration in compromised bone tissue. The purpose of this study was to evaluate peri-implant bone repair using implants [...] Read more.
Bisphosphonates are widely used for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis; however, they cause several long-term side effects, necessitating the investigation of local ways to improve osseointegration in compromised bone tissue. The purpose of this study was to evaluate peri-implant bone repair using implants functionalized with zoledronic acid alone (OVX ZOL group, n = 11), zoledronic acid + teriparatide (OVX ZOL + TERI group, n = 11), and zoledronic acid + ruterpy (OVX ZOL + TERPY group, n = 11) compared to the control group (OVX CONV, n = 11). Analyses included computer-assisted microtomography, qualitative histologic analysis, and real-time PCR analysis. Histologically, all functionalized surfaces improved peri-implant repair, with the OVX ZOL + TERI group standing out. Similar results were found in computerized microtomography analysis. In real-time PCR analysis, however, the OVX ZOL and OVX ZOL + TERPY groups showed better results for bone formation, with the OVX ZOL + TERPY group standing out, while there were no statistical differences between the OVX CONV and OVX ZOL + TERI groups for the genes studied at 28 postoperative days. Nevertheless, all functionalized groups showed a reduced rate of bone resorption. In short, all surface functionalization groups outperformed the control group, with overall better results for the OVX ZOL + TERI group. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regulation Mechanism of Osteoblast/Osteoclast Differentiation)
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15 pages, 2683 KiB  
Article
Osteogenic Activities of Trifolirhizin as a Bioactive Compound for the Differentiation of Osteogenic Cells
by Hyung-Mun Yun, Mi Hyeon Cho, Hoibin Jeong, Soo Hyun Kim, Yun Hee Jeong and Kyung-Ran Park
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(23), 17103; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242317103 - 4 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1581
Abstract
Plant extracts are widely used as traditional medicines. Sophora flavescens Aiton-derived natural compounds exert various beneficial effects, such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, and antiregenerative activities, through their bioactive compounds, including flavonoids and alkaloids. In the present study, we investigated the biological effects of [...] Read more.
Plant extracts are widely used as traditional medicines. Sophora flavescens Aiton-derived natural compounds exert various beneficial effects, such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, and antiregenerative activities, through their bioactive compounds, including flavonoids and alkaloids. In the present study, we investigated the biological effects of an S. flavescens-derived flavonoid, trifolirhizin (trifol), on the stimulation of osteogenic processes during osteoblast differentiation. Trifol (>98% purity) was successfully isolated from the root of S. flavescens and characterized. Trifol did not exhibit cellular toxicity in osteogenic cells, but promoted alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and activity, with enhanced expression of the osteoblast differentiation markers, including Alp, ColI, and Bsp. Trifol induced nuclear runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) expression during the differentiation of osteogenic cells, and concomitantly stimulated the major osteogenic signaling proteins, including GSK3β, β-catenin, and Smad1/5/8. Among the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), Trifol activated JNK, but not ERK1/2 and p38. Trifol also increased the osteoblast-mediated bone-forming phenotypes, including transmigration, F-actin polymerization, and mineral apposition, during osteoblast differentiation. Overall, trifol exhibits bioactive activities related to osteogenic processes via differentiation, migration, and mineralization. Collectively, these results suggest that trifol may serve as an effective phytomedicine for bone diseases such as osteoporosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regulation Mechanism of Osteoblast/Osteoclast Differentiation)
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14 pages, 1895 KiB  
Article
Impact of Mechanical Strain and Nicotinamide on RUNX2-Deficient Osteoblast Mimicking Cleidocranial Dysplasia
by Agnes Schröder, Talia Örs, Ye-Oun Byeon, Fabian Cieplik, Peter Proff, Christian Kirschneck and Eva Paddenberg
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(23), 16581; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242316581 - 21 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1147
Abstract
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare genetic defect caused by a heterozygous mutation of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), which is important for osteoblast and skeletal development. RUNX2-deficiency causes extra- and intra-oral malformations that often require orthodontic treatment. Nicotinamide (NAM) affects bone remodelling [...] Read more.
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare genetic defect caused by a heterozygous mutation of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), which is important for osteoblast and skeletal development. RUNX2-deficiency causes extra- and intra-oral malformations that often require orthodontic treatment. Nicotinamide (NAM) affects bone remodelling processes. As these are crucial for orthodontic therapy, NAM could improve orthodontic treatment in CCD patients. This study investigates the effect of NAM in control and RUNX2-deficient osteoblasts under mechanical strain mimicking orthodontic treatment. First, the optimal NAM concentration and the differences in the expression profile of control and RUNX2-deficient osteoblasts were determined. Subsequently, osteoblasts were exposed to tensile and compressive strain with and without NAM, and the expression of genes critically involved in bone remodelling was investigated. NAM increased the expression of bone remodelling genes. RUNX2-deficient osteoblasts expressed more receptor activator of NFkB ligand (RANKL) and interleukin-6 (IL6), but less colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF1). Most of the positive effects of NAM on bone remodelling genes were impaired by mechanical loading. In conclusion, NAM stimulated osteoblast differentiation by increasing the expression of RUNX2 and regulated the expression of osteoclastogenic factors. However, the positive effects of NAM on bone metabolism were impaired by mechanical loading and RUNX2 deficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regulation Mechanism of Osteoblast/Osteoclast Differentiation)
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