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Stem Cell Applications and Innovations in Developmental and Degenerative Disorders

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Neurobiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 January 2025 | Viewed by 2745

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Advanced Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Biology Group, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Interests: stem cells; regenerative medicine; systems biology; next-generation genome sequencing; bacterial pathogenesis; secreted moonlighting proteins; cytokine and immuno-modulation; 3D molecular modelling; protein interaction network building
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Interests: bioceramics; biomaterials evaluation techniques; biological molecule adsorption to surfaces; tissue engineering, stem cells
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In this Special Issue, we delve into the groundbreaking realm of stem cell applications in developmental and degenerative disorders, unraveling unprecedented innovations. Stem cells, endowed with unparalleled regenerative potential, stand at the forefront of scientific innovation, offering promising avenues to address the complexities of both developmental and degenerative conditions. In developmental disorders, stem cells exhibit a paradigm-shifting capacity to intervene precisely at the cellular level, holding immense promise for tailored therapeutic strategies. Moreover, in degenerative disorders, these versatile cells showcase remarkable regenerative capabilities, offering novel solutions to counteract the progressive deterioration of tissues and organs. The breadth of applications has the potential to reshape the landscape of medical interventions. This broad canvas can delve into an array of research and applications, with examples ranging from iPSCs in neurodevelopmental disorders to MSCs in osteoarthritis or ESCs in understanding fetal development. This Special Issue aims to assemble a wealth of cutting-edge research and innovative approaches, providing a comprehensive overview of the current state and future directions in stem cell science. Authors are cordially invited to contribute original research and reviews, offering insights into the evolving landscape of stem cell science.

Dr. Jerran Santos
Prof. Dr. Bruce Milthorpe
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • stem cell
  • degenerative disorders
  • neurodevelopmental disorders

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

21 pages, 993 KiB  
Review
The Therapeutic Potential of Exosomes from Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Multiple Sclerosis
by Torbjørn Kråkenes, Casper Eugen Sandvik, Marie Ytterdal, Sonia Gavasso, Elisabeth Claire Evjenth, Lars Bø and Christopher Elnan Kvistad
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(19), 10292; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251910292 - 24 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1779
Abstract
Although treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS) has undergone a revolution in the last decades, at least two important barriers remain: alleviation of innate inflammation driving disease progression and promotion of remyelination and neural regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess immunomodulatory properties and promote [...] Read more.
Although treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS) has undergone a revolution in the last decades, at least two important barriers remain: alleviation of innate inflammation driving disease progression and promotion of remyelination and neural regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess immunomodulatory properties and promote remyelination in murine MS models. The main therapeutic mechanism has, however, been attributed to their potent paracrine capacity, and not to in vivo tissue implantation. Studies have demonstrated that exosomes released as part of the cells’ secretome effectively encapsulate the beneficial properties of MSCs. These membrane-enclosed nanoparticles contain a variety of proteins and nucleic acids and serve as mediators of intercellular communication. In vitro studies have demonstrated that exosomes from MSCs modulate activated microglia from an inflammatory to an anti-inflammatory phenotype and thereby dampen the innate inflammation. Rodent studies have also demonstrated potent immunomodulation and remyelination with improved outcomes following exosome administration. Thus, exosomes from MSCs may represent a potential cell-free treatment modality to prevent disease progression and promote remyelination in MS. In this narrative review, we summarize the current knowledge of exosomes from MSCs as a potential treatment for MS and discuss the remaining issues before successful translation into clinical trials. Full article
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