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Molecular and Clinical Aspects of Migraine and Its Comorbidities: Epilepsy, Stroke, and Restless Leg Syndrome

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Guest Editor
Department of Developmental Neurology and Epileptology, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
Interests: migraine; headaches; stroke; electromyography; neuropathy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Although migraines are one of the leading causes of disability worldwide, they are still an underdiagnosed and undertreated disease, which is a consequence of the incomplete knowledge of migraine pathogenesis. One of the main reasons for that is the restrictive access to human target material and the limited value of experimental animals to model human migraines. Sensitization of the trigeminovascular system and cortical hyperexcitability are essential mechanisms in migraine pathogenesis, but their molecular basis remains unclear. Migraines are frequently associated with comorbidities such as mental disorders, cardiovascular disease, epilepsy, stroke, restless leg syndrome, among others. In many of these comorbidities, it is not clear whether there is a cause–effect relationship or if they are merely associated with migraines. This Special Issue focuses on migraines and their frequent comorbidities, including epilepsy, stroke, and restless leg syndrome. We welcome original and review papers not only investigating the coexistence of migraines with epilepsy, stroke, and restless leg syndrome but also exploring these three syndromes to provide information on their potential links with migraines. Both experimental and clinical research work are welcome.

Prof. Dr. Janusz Blasiak
Dr. Michał Fila
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • migraine
  • genetics and epigenetics of migraine
  • migraine comorbidities
  • omics in migraine studies
  • stem cells in migraine studies
  • epilepsy
  • stroke
  • restless leg syndrome

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

15 pages, 1623 KiB  
Review
Novel Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) Interfering Migraine Therapies and Stroke—A Review
by Michael Thomas Eller, Florian Frank, Katharina Kaltseis, Anel Karisik, Michael Knoflach and Gregor Broessner
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(21), 11685; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252111685 - 30 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1773
Abstract
Migraine and stroke are neurological disorders with significant global prevalence and impact. Recent advances in migraine therapy have focused on the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) pathway. This review examines the shared pathomechanisms between migraine and stroke, with emphasis on the role of CGRP. [...] Read more.
Migraine and stroke are neurological disorders with significant global prevalence and impact. Recent advances in migraine therapy have focused on the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) pathway. This review examines the shared pathomechanisms between migraine and stroke, with emphasis on the role of CGRP. We analyze the current literature on CGRP’s functions in cerebrovascular regulation, edema formation, neuroinflammation, and neuroprotection. CGRP acts as a potent vasodilator and plays a crucial role in trigeminovascular activation during migraine attacks. In stroke, CGRP has demonstrated neuroprotective effects by improving collateral circulation and reducing ischemia-reperfusion injury. Concerns have been raised about the potential impact of CGRP inhibitors on stroke risk and outcomes. Studies in animals suggest that CGRP receptor antagonists may worsen cerebral ischemia by impairing collateral flow. We discuss the implications of these findings for the use of CGRP-targeting therapies in migraine patients, especially those at increased risk of stroke. Additionally, we explore the complex interplay between CGRP, endothelial function, and platelet activity in both conditions. This review highlights the need for further research to elucidate the long-term cerebrovascular safety of CGRP pathway inhibitors and to identify potential subgroups of migraine patients who may be at higher risk of adverse cerebrovascular events with these novel therapies. Full article
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