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Molecular Mechanisms in Tumorigenesis of NMSC

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 December 2024 | Viewed by 4159

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
Interests: skin cancer; plastic surgery; breast surgery; flaps; lipectomy; tumorigenesis

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
Interests: cell biology; stem cells; developmental biology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) presents the most frequent malignancy in humans, demonstrating a consistent and progressively increasing annual incidence rate. Basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma account for the vast majority of NMSC. Although the mortality rates associated with these tumors are relatively low, they impose a substantial economic burden on healthcare systems due to their high prevalence. Moreover, they are linked to considerable morbidity, particularly in patients with facial tumors that cause extensive local damage. In line with the recent progress in the molecular basis of malignant tumors, NMSC has also received considerable attention during the last decade.

In this Special Issue of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences on ‘Molecular Mechanisms in Tumorigenesis of NMSC’ original studies and well-conducted review articles will be published, aiming to provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on the molecular landscape of NMSC, including underlying (epi)genomic alterations and interactions with tumor microenvironment, opportunities and challenges of novel targeted therapeutic approaches, and the advantages of molecular profiling, biomarkers, and molecular monitoring, which will translate to improved clinical management of these patients. Looking forward to the latest research in molecular, non-purely clinical studies.

Dr. Konstantinos Seretis
Dr. Panagiotis Kouklis
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • skin cancer
  • NMSC
  • tumorigenesis
  • genetics
  • biomarkers
  • biology
  • microenvironment
  • exosomes

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 1989 KiB  
Article
Low-Level Expression of p-S6 Is Associated with Nodal Metastasis in Patients with Head and Neck Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
by Celia Gómez-de Castro, Raquel Santos-Juanes, Borja Nuñez-Gómez, Iván Fernández-Vega, Blanca Vivanco, Adela Fernández-Velasco, Sebastián Reyes-García, Jimena Carrero-Martín, Juana M. García-Pedrero, Juan P. Rodrigo, María del Carmen González-Vela, Jorge Santos-Juanes and Cristina Galache
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(8), 4304; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25084304 - 13 Apr 2024
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Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common form of skin cancer. The incidence of metastasis for cSCC is estimated to be around 1.2–5%. Ribosomal protein S6 (p-S6) and the p21 protein (p21) are two proteins that play central roles in [...] Read more.
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common form of skin cancer. The incidence of metastasis for cSCC is estimated to be around 1.2–5%. Ribosomal protein S6 (p-S6) and the p21 protein (p21) are two proteins that play central roles in other cancers. These proteins may be equally important in cSCC, and together, these could constitute a good candidate for metastasis risk assessment of these patients. We investigate the relationship of p-S6 and p21 expression with the impact on the prognosis of head and neck cSCC (cSCCHN). p-S6 and p21 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry on paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 116 patients with cSCCHN and associations sought with clinical characteristics. Kaplan–Meier estimators and Cox proportional hazard regression models were also used. The expression of p-S6 was significantly inversely associated with tumor thickness, tumor size, desmoplastic growth, pathological stage, perineural invasion and tumor buds. p21 expression was significantly inversely correlated with >6 mm tumor thickness, desmoplastic growth, and perineural invasion. p-S6-negative expression significantly predicted an increased risk of nodal metastasis (HR = 2.63, 95% CI 1.51–4.54; p < 0.001). p21 expression was not found to be a significant risk factor for nodal metastasis. These findings demonstrate that p-S6-negative expression is an independent predictor of nodal metastasis. The immunohistochemical expression of p-S6 might aid in better risk stratification and management of patients with cSCCHN. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanisms in Tumorigenesis of NMSC)
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Review

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13 pages, 617 KiB  
Review
Extracellular Vesicles as Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Agents for Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: A Systematic Review
by Konstantinos Seretis, Eleni Boptsi and Anastasia Boptsi
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(5), 2617; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25052617 - 23 Feb 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2032
Abstract
Standard non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) treatment involves surgery, recently combined with chemotherapy or immunotherapy in cases of advanced tumors. EVs, including exosomes, are integral to carcinogenesis, and are found in NMSC releasing mediators impacting tumor progression. Nevertheless, the precise intercellular signaling role of [...] Read more.
Standard non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) treatment involves surgery, recently combined with chemotherapy or immunotherapy in cases of advanced tumors. EVs, including exosomes, are integral to carcinogenesis, and are found in NMSC releasing mediators impacting tumor progression. Nevertheless, the precise intercellular signaling role of NMSC-derived EVs remains unclear. This review aims to elucidate their potential role in NMSC diagnosis and treatment. This systematic review encompassed literature searches in electronic databases from inception to September 2023, based on certain inclusion and exclusion criteria, addressing NMSC-derived EVs, their molecular cargo, and their implications in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of NMSC. Key components were identified. Extracellular vesicle (EV) proteins and RNA have emerged as diagnostic biomarkers in EV-based liquid biopsy. Circular RNA CYP24A1, known for its molecular stability, holds promise as a diagnostic biomarker. Long noncoding RNAs (lincRNA-PICSAR) and Desmoglein 2 (DSg2) are linked to drug resistance, serving as prognostic biomarkers. EV mediators are being actively investigated for their potential role as drug delivery agents. In conclusion, this systematic review showed that NMSC-derived EVs display promise as therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers. Further research is imperative to fully comprehend EV mechanisms and explore their potential in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanisms in Tumorigenesis of NMSC)
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