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Microanatomical and Molecular Updates on Brain Aging
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Microanatomical and Molecular Updates on Brain Aging

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Neurobiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2024) | Viewed by 3443

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Rupal Mehta

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Guest Editor
Department of Pathology, Rush University Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
Interests: advanced histology; aging; Alzheimer's disease; amyloid, aneurysm; autopsy; cerebrovascular diseases; dementia; histology; immunohistochemistry; proteinopathy; signaling; subarachnoid hemorrhage; stroke; vascular diseases
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recent and ongoing technological innovations have led to a ‘resolution revolution’ in the field of biology. As a result of this, new knowledge is increasing at a rapid pace and is bringing many new insights pertaining to the pathophysiology of brain diseases. With several updates in microscopy capabilities and associated revisions in neuroanatomical, neurophysiological, and neuroimmunological concepts, it is crucial to consolidate and share this new knowledge. This Special Issue focuses on the current state of the field and will highlight novel concepts and updates pertaining to brain structure and molecular changes observed in health, aging, and disease. Researchers are invited to share new articles, commentaries, and/or reviews concerning molecular, microanatomical, genetic, and/or neuroimmune-related changes observable by microscopy that are involved in brain health, development, aging, and disease. Novel cases and exploratory work are particularly encouraged.

We look forward to receiving your contributions to this Special Issue, which will compile fresh data and ideas in an exciting and fast moving field.

Dr. Rupal Mehta
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • brain aging
  • brain structure
  • cryo-EM
  • confocal microscopy
  • cytokine
  • deconvolution
  • dementia
  • development
  • lightsheet imaging
  • neuroimmunity
  • proteinopathy
  • super-resolution imaging

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

14 pages, 2326 KiB  
Review
Giant Arachnoid Granulations: A Systematic Literature Review
by Rupal I. Mehta and Rashi I. Mehta
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(16), 13014; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241613014 - 21 Aug 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3146
Abstract
Giant arachnoid granulations (GAGs) are minimally investigated. Here, we systematically review the available data in published reports to better understand their etiologies, nomenclature, and clinical significance. In the literature, 195 GAGs have been documented in 169 persons of varied ages (range, 0.33 to [...] Read more.
Giant arachnoid granulations (GAGs) are minimally investigated. Here, we systematically review the available data in published reports to better understand their etiologies, nomenclature, and clinical significance. In the literature, 195 GAGs have been documented in 169 persons of varied ages (range, 0.33 to 91 years; mean, 43 ± 20 years; 54% female). Prior reports depict intrasinus (i.e., dural venous sinus, DVS) (84%), extrasinus (i.e., diploic or calvarial) (15%), and mixed (1%) GAG types that exhibit pedunculated, sessile, or vermiform morphologies. GAG size ranged from 0.4 to 6 cm in maximum dimension (mean, 1.9 ± 1.1 cm) and encompassed symptomatic or non-symptomatic enlarged arachnoid granulations (≥1 cm) as well as symptomatic subcentimeter arachnoid granulations. A significant difference was identified in mean GAG size between sex (females, 1.78 cm; males, 3.39 cm; p < 0.05). The signs and symptoms associated with GAGs varied and include headache (19%), sensory change(s) (11%), and intracranial hypertension (2%), among diverse and potentially serious sequelae. Notably, brain herniation was present within 38 GAGs (22%). Among treated individuals, subsets were managed medically (19 persons, 11%), surgically (15 persons, 9%), and/or by endovascular DVS stenting (7 persons, 4%). Histologic workup of 53 (27%) GAG cases depicted internal inflammation (3%), cystic change consistent with fluid accumulation (2%), venous thrombosis (1%), hemorrhage (1%), meningothelial hyperplasia (1%), lymphatic vascular proliferation (1%), and lymphatic vessel obliteration (1%). This review emphasizes heterogeneity in GAG subtypes, morphology, composite, location, symptomatology, and imaging presentations. Additional systematic investigations are needed to better elucidate the pathobiology, clinical effects, and optimal diagnostic and management strategies for enlarged and symptomatic arachnoid granulation subtypes, as different strategies and size thresholds are likely applicable for medical, interventional, and/or surgical treatment of these structures in distinct brain locations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microanatomical and Molecular Updates on Brain Aging)
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