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Role of Dendritic Cells in Inflammation 2.0
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Role of Dendritic Cells in Inflammation 2.0

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2021) | Viewed by 38988

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Marcello Chieppa

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis”, Institute of Research, Via Turi, 27, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy
Interests: dendritic cells; mucosal immunology; inflammation; innate immunity; inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); nutrition
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is the continuation of our 2019 Special Issue, “Role of Dendritic Cells in Inflammation”.

In 1973, a new type of cell was described. These cells, only partially resembling macrophages, were characterized by dendrite-like projections and for this reason they were named dendritic cells (DCs). The first functional analysis revealed them as the most potent antigen-presenting cells, able to capture, process, and present antigens to initiate the adaptive immune response. Soon after, Steinman began to understand that the role of DCs was not only related to the initiation of the aggressive immune response, but also with the immunological tolerance: “The function of these presenting cells in immunologic tolerance is just beginning to be studied.”

It is now clear that DCs’ biology and response is extremely diverse, as results of the DC subpopulation considered, the tissue analyzed, and even the same subpopulation in the same tissue could act differently in response to environmental factors.

With the present Special Issue, we aim to elucidate DCs’ role during inflammation, host defense, inflammatory suppression, and potential contribution to dysregulated immune response leading to chronic inflammatory syndromes.

DCs could be biological targets of future precision therapies, but the complex biology of these cells requires detailed knowledge of their biology. This Special Issue will consider reviews and original manuscripts that highlight DCs’ response in extreme conditions: chronic inflammation, infection, auto-immune response, and undesired induction of tolerance.

Dr. Marcello Chieppa
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • dendritic cells
  • immunological tolerance
  • chronic inflammation
  • infection
  • auto-immune response

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 3248 KiB  
Article
Activation of Dendritic Cells in Tonsils Is Associated with CD8 T Cell Responses following Vaccination with Live Attenuated Classical Swine Fever Virus
by Ferran Soldevila, Jane C. Edwards, Simon P. Graham, Helen R. Crooke, Dirk Werling and Falko Steinbach
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(16), 8795; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168795 - 16 Aug 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2895
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious disease caused by the classical swine fever virus (CSFV). The live attenuated C-strain vaccine is highly efficacious, initiating protection within several days of delivery. The vaccine strain is detected in the tonsil early after inoculation, [...] Read more.
Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious disease caused by the classical swine fever virus (CSFV). The live attenuated C-strain vaccine is highly efficacious, initiating protection within several days of delivery. The vaccine strain is detected in the tonsil early after inoculation, yet little is known of the role that tonsillar immune cells might play in initiating protection. Comparing the C-strain vaccine with the pathogenic CSFV Alfort-187 strain, changes in the myeloid cell compartment of the tonsil were observed. CSFV infection led to the emergence of an additional CD163+CD14+ cell population, which showed the highest levels of Alfort-187 and C-strain infection. There was also an increase in both the frequency and activation status (as shown by increased MHC-II expression) of the tonsillar conventional dendritic cells 1 (cDC1) in pigs inoculated with the C-strain. Notably, the activation of cDC1 cells coincided in time with the induction of a local CSFV-specific IFN-γ+ CD8 T cell response in C-strain vaccinated pigs, but not in pigs that received Alfort-187. Moreover, the frequency of CSFV-specific IFN-γ+ CD8 T cells was inversely correlated to the viral load in the tonsils of individual animals. Accordingly, we hypothesise that the activation of cDC1 is key in initiating local CSFV-specific CD8 T cell responses which curtail early virus replication and dissemination. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Dendritic Cells in Inflammation 2.0)
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16 pages, 4467 KiB  
Article
Quercetin Administration Suppresses the Cytokine Storm in Myeloid and Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells
by Giulio Verna, Marina Liso, Elisabetta Cavalcanti, Giusy Bianco, Veronica Di Sarno, Angelo Santino, Pietro Campiglia and Marcello Chieppa
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(15), 8349; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22158349 - 3 Aug 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3194
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) can be divided by lineage into myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). They both are present in mucosal tissues and regulate the immune response by secreting chemokines and cytokines. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are characterized by a [...] Read more.
Dendritic cells (DCs) can be divided by lineage into myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). They both are present in mucosal tissues and regulate the immune response by secreting chemokines and cytokines. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are characterized by a leaky intestinal barrier and the consequent translocation of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to the basolateral side. This results in DCs activation, but the response of pDCs is still poorly characterized. In the present study, we compared mDCs and pDCs responses to LPS administration. We present a broad panel of DCs secreted factors, including cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. Our recent studies demonstrated the anti-inflammatory effects of quercetin administration, but to date, there is no evidence about quercetin’s effects on pDCs. The results of the present study demonstrate that pDCs can respond to LPS and that quercetin exposure modulates soluble factors release through the same molecular pathway used by mDCs (Slpi, Hmox1, and AP-1). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Dendritic Cells in Inflammation 2.0)
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Review

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24 pages, 40798 KiB  
Review
Dendritic Cells and CCR7 Expression: An Important Factor for Autoimmune Diseases, Chronic Inflammation, and Cancer
by Emma Probst Brandum, Astrid Sissel Jørgensen, Mette Marie Rosenkilde and Gertrud Malene Hjortø
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(15), 8340; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22158340 - 3 Aug 2021
Cited by 69 | Viewed by 11668
Abstract
Chemotactic cytokines—chemokines—control immune cell migration in the process of initiation and resolution of inflammatory conditions as part of the body’s defense system. Many chemokines also participate in pathological processes leading up to and exacerbating the inflammatory state characterizing chronic inflammatory diseases. In this [...] Read more.
Chemotactic cytokines—chemokines—control immune cell migration in the process of initiation and resolution of inflammatory conditions as part of the body’s defense system. Many chemokines also participate in pathological processes leading up to and exacerbating the inflammatory state characterizing chronic inflammatory diseases. In this review, we discuss the role of dendritic cells (DCs) and the central chemokine receptor CCR7 in the initiation and sustainment of selected chronic inflammatory diseases: multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and psoriasis. We revisit the binary role that CCR7 plays in combatting and progressing cancer, and we discuss how CCR7 and DCs can be harnessed for the treatment of cancer. To provide the necessary background, we review the differential roles of the natural ligands of CCR7, CCL19, and CCL21 and how they direct the mobilization of activated DCs to lymphoid organs and control the formation of associated lymphoid tissues (ALTs). We provide an overview of DC subsets and, briefly, elaborate on the different T-cell effector types generated upon DC–T cell priming. In the conclusion, we promote CCR7 as a possible target of future drugs with an antagonistic effect to reduce inflammation in chronic inflammatory diseases and an agonistic effect for boosting the reactivation of the immune system against cancer in cell-based and/or immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based anti-cancer therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Dendritic Cells in Inflammation 2.0)
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25 pages, 1580 KiB  
Review
Review of Dendritic Cells, Their Role in Clinical Immunology, and Distribution in Various Animal Species
by Mohammed Yusuf Zanna, Abd Rahaman Yasmin, Abdul Rahman Omar, Siti Suri Arshad, Abdul Razak Mariatulqabtiah, Saulol Hamid Nur-Fazila and Md Isa Nur Mahiza
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(15), 8044; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22158044 - 28 Jul 2021
Cited by 65 | Viewed by 7139
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are cells derived from the hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) of the bone marrow and form a widely distributed cellular system throughout the body. They are the most efficient, potent, and professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) of the immune system, inducing and [...] Read more.
Dendritic cells (DCs) are cells derived from the hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) of the bone marrow and form a widely distributed cellular system throughout the body. They are the most efficient, potent, and professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) of the immune system, inducing and dispersing a primary immune response by the activation of naïve T-cells, and playing an important role in the induction and maintenance of immune tolerance under homeostatic conditions. Thus, this review has elucidated the general aspects of DCs as well as the current dynamic perspectives and distribution of DCs in humans and in various species of animals that includes mouse, rat, birds, dog, cat, horse, cattle, sheep, pig, and non-human primates. Besides the role that DCs play in immune response, they also play a pathogenic role in many diseases, thus becoming a target in disease prevention and treatment. In addition, its roles in clinical immunology have also been addressed, which include its involvement in transplantation, autoimmune disease, viral infections, cancer, and as a vaccine target. Therefore, based on the current knowledge and understanding of the important roles they play, DCs can be used in the future as a powerful tool for manipulating the immune system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Dendritic Cells in Inflammation 2.0)
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47 pages, 3521 KiB  
Review
Type I Interferon Production of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells under Control
by Dóra Bencze, Tünde Fekete and Kitti Pázmándi
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(8), 4190; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22084190 - 18 Apr 2021
Cited by 43 | Viewed by 13081
Abstract
One of the most powerful and multifaceted cytokines produced by immune cells are type I interferons (IFNs), the basal secretion of which contributes to the maintenance of immune homeostasis, while their activation-induced production is essential to effective immune responses. Although, each cell is [...] Read more.
One of the most powerful and multifaceted cytokines produced by immune cells are type I interferons (IFNs), the basal secretion of which contributes to the maintenance of immune homeostasis, while their activation-induced production is essential to effective immune responses. Although, each cell is capable of producing type I IFNs, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) possess a unique ability to rapidly produce large amounts of them. Importantly, type I IFNs have a prominent role in the pathomechanism of various pDC-associated diseases. Deficiency in type I IFN production increases the risk of more severe viral infections and the development of certain allergic reactions, and supports tumor resistance; nevertheless, its overproduction promotes autoimmune reactions. Therefore, the tight regulation of type I IFN responses of pDCs is essential to maintain an adequate level of immune response without causing adverse effects. Here, our goal was to summarize those endogenous factors that can influence the type I IFN responses of pDCs, and thus might serve as possible therapeutic targets in pDC-associated diseases. Furthermore, we briefly discuss the current therapeutic approaches targeting the pDC-type I IFN axis in viral infections, cancer, autoimmunity, and allergy, together with their limitations defined by the Janus-faced nature of pDC-derived type I IFNs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Dendritic Cells in Inflammation 2.0)
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