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Healing of Ligaments and Tendons: Tissue Engineering and Models 2.0

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2023) | Viewed by 10639

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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue on “Healing of Ligaments and Tendons: Tissue Engineering and Models” will cover a selection of recent research topics and current review articles related to novel insight in the healing of ligaments and tendons. Up-to-date review articles, commentaries, and experimental manuscripts are all welcome.

This Special Issue will present insights into novel approaches for tendon and ligament reconstruction based on tissue engineering or cell-free strategies using natural or synthetic biomaterials. As natural biomaterials for tendon/ligament reconstruction collagen-based scaffolds, decellularized tendons/ligaments or other dense connective tissue-derived extracellular matrices are of high interest. Valuable three-dimensional in vitro models including the application of bioreactors and versatile mechano-stimulatory devices which are known to promote in vitro teno-/ligamentogenesis should be presented for initial testing of implants, but also preclinical in vivo implantation models are welcome which allow monitoring of the complex healing process. In addition to reconstruction of the midsubstance of tendons/ligaments, the neoformation of an enthesis-like interface between tendon/ligament and bone is an important prerequisite for stable reconstruction; hence, this unique transition tissue may also be addressed. A particular challenge is presented in the reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) as an intraarticular ligament prone to the inflammatory milieu of the injured joint. For this reason, the influence of inflammation on the healing response shall be analyzed in more detail.

Prof. Dr. Gundula Schulze-Tanzil
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • tendon/ligament tissue engineering
  • tendon/ligament reconstruction
  • repair
  • tendon/ligament healing
  • ligamentogenesis
  • decellularized extracellular matrix
  • mechanostimulation
  • anterior cruciate ligament
  • inflammation
  • enthesis

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Editorial

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4 pages, 1321 KiB  
Editorial
Healing of Ligaments and Tendons: Tissue Engineering and Models
by Gundula Gesine Schulze-Tanzil
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(24), 15503; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415503 - 7 Dec 2022
Viewed by 2076
Abstract
The aim of this Special Issue is to summarize the latest developments in tendon/ligament research and tissue engineering (TE), providing helpful approaches for future tendon/ligament reconstruction (Figure 1) [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Healing of Ligaments and Tendons: Tissue Engineering and Models 2.0)
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Research

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15 pages, 3300 KiB  
Article
The Potential of Using an Autogenous Tendon Graft by Injecting Bone Marrow Aspirate in a Rabbit Meniscectomy Model
by Ken Iida, Yusuke Hashimoto, Kumi Orita, Kazuya Nishino, Takuya Kinoshita and Hiroaki Nakamura
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(20), 12458; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012458 - 18 Oct 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1561
Abstract
Bone marrow aspirate (BMA) is an excellent source of cells and growth factors and has been used successfully for bone, cartilage, and soft-tissue healing. This study aimed to investigate the histological and biomechanical properties of autogenous tendon graft by injecting BMA and its [...] Read more.
Bone marrow aspirate (BMA) is an excellent source of cells and growth factors and has been used successfully for bone, cartilage, and soft-tissue healing. This study aimed to investigate the histological and biomechanical properties of autogenous tendon graft by injecting BMA and its protective effect against degenerative changes in a rabbit model of meniscal defects. Adult white rabbits were divided into untreated, tendon, and tendon + BMA groups, and meniscal defects were created in the knees. The tendon graft and articular cartilage status were evaluated by macroscopic and histological analysis at 4, 12, and 24 weeks postoperatively among the three groups. The tendon graft in the tendon and tendon + BMA groups were used for biomechanical evaluation at 4, 12, and 24 weeks postoperatively. The meniscal covering ratio in the tendon + BMA group was better than that in the tendon and untreated groups at 12 and 24 weeks postoperatively. The matrix around the central portion of cells in the tendon + BMA group was positively stained by safranin O and toluidine blue staining with metachromasia at 24 weeks. The histological score of the tendon graft in the tendon + BMA group was significantly higher than that in the untreated and tendon groups at 12 and 24 weeks postoperatively. In the tendon + BMA group, cartilage erosion was not shown at 4 weeks, developed slowly, and was better preserved at 12 and 24 weeks compared to the untreated and tendon groups. Histological scores for the articular cartilage were significantly better in the tendon + BMA group at 24 weeks. The compressive stress on the tendon graft in the tendon + BMA group was significantly higher than that in the tendon group at 12 weeks postoperatively. Transplantation of autogenous tendon grafts by injecting BMA improved the histologic score of the regenerated meniscal tissue and was more effective than the tendon and untreated group for preventing cartilage degeneration in a rabbit model of massive meniscal defects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Healing of Ligaments and Tendons: Tissue Engineering and Models 2.0)
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18 pages, 5181 KiB  
Article
Effects and Mechanism of Particulate Matter on Tendon Healing Based on Integrated Analysis of DNA Methylation and RNA Sequencing Data in a Rat Model
by Su-Yel Lee, Min-Hyeok Lee, Seong-Kyeong Jo, In-Ha Yoo, Boler-Erdene Sarankhuu, Hyun-Jin Kim, Yea-Eun Kang, Seong-Eun Lee, Tae-Yeon Kim, Moon-Hyang Park, Choong-Sik Lee, Seung-Yun Han, Ji-Hyun Moon, Ju-Young Jung, Geum-Lan Hong, Nam-Jeong Yoo, Eun-Sang Yoon, Jae-Kyu Choi, Ho-Ryun Won, Ji-Woong Son and Jae-Hwang Songadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(15), 8170; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158170 - 25 Jul 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2349
Abstract
Exposure to particulate matter (PM) has been linked with the severity of various diseases. To date, there is no study on the relationship between PM exposure and tendon healing. Open Achilles tenotomy of 20 rats was performed. The animals were divided into two [...] Read more.
Exposure to particulate matter (PM) has been linked with the severity of various diseases. To date, there is no study on the relationship between PM exposure and tendon healing. Open Achilles tenotomy of 20 rats was performed. The animals were divided into two groups according to exposure to PM: a PM group and a non-PM group. After 6 weeks of PM exposure, the harvest and investigations of lungs, blood samples, and Achilles tendons were performed. Compared to the non-PM group, the white blood cell count and tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression in the PM group were significantly higher. The Achilles tendons in PM group showed significantly increased inflammatory outcomes. A TEM analysis showed reduced collagen fibrils in the PM group. A biomechanical analysis demonstrated that the load to failure value was lower in the PM group. An upregulation of the gene encoding cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) was detected in the PM group by an integrated analysis of DNA methylation and RNA sequencing data, as confirmed via a Western blot analysis showing significantly elevated levels of phosphorylated CREB. In summary, PM exposure caused a deleterious effect on tendon healing. The molecular data indicate that the action mechanism of PM may be associated with upregulated CREB signaling. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Healing of Ligaments and Tendons: Tissue Engineering and Models 2.0)
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Review

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34 pages, 4904 KiB  
Review
In Vitro and In Vivo Effects of IGF-1 Delivery Strategies on Tendon Healing: A Review
by Iris Miescher, Julia Rieber, Maurizio Calcagni and Johanna Buschmann
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(3), 2370; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032370 - 25 Jan 2023
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 3886
Abstract
Tendon injuries suffer from a slow healing, often ending up in fibrovascular scar formation, leading to inferior mechanical properties and even re-rupture upon resumption of daily work or sports. Strategies including the application of growth factors have been under view for decades. Insulin-like [...] Read more.
Tendon injuries suffer from a slow healing, often ending up in fibrovascular scar formation, leading to inferior mechanical properties and even re-rupture upon resumption of daily work or sports. Strategies including the application of growth factors have been under view for decades. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is one of the used growth factors and has been applied to tenocyte in vitro cultures as well as in animal preclinical models and to human patients due to its anabolic and matrix stimulating effects. In this narrative review, we cover the current literature on IGF-1, its mechanism of action, in vitro cell cultures (tenocytes and mesenchymal stem cells), as well as in vivo experiments. We conclude from this overview that IGF-1 is a potent stimulus for improving tendon healing due to its inherent support of cell proliferation, DNA and matrix synthesis, particularly collagen I, which is the main component of tendon tissue. Nevertheless, more in vivo studies have to be performed in order to pave the way for an IGF-1 application in orthopedic clinics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Healing of Ligaments and Tendons: Tissue Engineering and Models 2.0)
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