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Recent Advances in Brain Cancers
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Recent Advances in Brain Cancers

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 January 2025 | Viewed by 9241

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Pierre Aurélien Beuriat

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant-France (HCL), 69500 Bron, France
Interests: pediatrics; posterior fossa tumor; cortical mapping; functional connectivity; quality of life; high order functions

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

I am delighted to announce a new Special Issue of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences, entitled “Recent Advances in Brain Cancers”.

Brain tumors in humans are still a challenge for clinicians and researchers. However, the overall prognosis has improved over the last decades thanks to a better understanding of “why” these tumors occur and the “how” we can treat them. Nevertheless, there are still often fatal diseases. Improvement of our knowledge of the tumoral cellular characteristics, development, and response to treatments, as well as of the normal phenomena surrounding tissues, are compulsory to improved patients’ survival and quality of life.

The scope of this issue will include research on adult and pediatric brain tumors with various approaches to research (biochemistry, molecular and cell biology, molecular biophysics, molecular medicine, and all aspects of molecular research in chemistry). We are particularly interested in papers that answer longstanding questions, open new avenues of research, report unexpected findings, or change the way we think about brain cancers. Original reports and reviews will be considered. However, since IJMS is a journal of molecular science, pure clinical studies will not suitable for our journal.

Dr. Pierre Aurélien Beuriat
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • benin brain tumors
  • malignant brain tumor
  • adults
  • children
  • advanced cancer biology

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 1959 KiB  
Communication
Gene Expression of CSF3R/CD114 Is Associated with Poorer Patient Survival in Glioma
by Samir Ale Bark, Matheus Dalmolin, Osvaldo Malafaia, Rafael Roesler, Marcelo A. C. Fernandes and Gustavo R. Isolan
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(5), 3020; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25053020 - 5 Mar 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1417
Abstract
Gliomas comprise most cases of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Gliomas afflict both adults and children, and glioblastoma (GBM) in adults represents the clinically most important type of malignant brain cancer, with a very poor prognosis. The cell surface glycoprotein CD114, which is [...] Read more.
Gliomas comprise most cases of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Gliomas afflict both adults and children, and glioblastoma (GBM) in adults represents the clinically most important type of malignant brain cancer, with a very poor prognosis. The cell surface glycoprotein CD114, which is encoded by the CSF3R gene, acts as the receptor for the granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF), and is thus also called GCSFR or CSFR. CD114 is a marker of cancer stem cells (CSCs), and its expression has been reported in several cancer types. In addition, CD114 may represent one among various cases where brain tumors hijack molecular mechanisms involved in neuronal survival and synaptic plasticity. Here, we describe CSF3R mRNA expression in human gliomas and their association with patient prognosis as assessed by overall survival (OS). We found that the levels of CSF3R/CD114 transcripts are higher in a few different types of gliomas, namely astrocytoma, pilocytic astrocytoma, and GBM, in comparison to non-tumoral neural tissue. We also observed that higher expression of CSF3R/CD114 in gliomas is associated with poorer outcome as measured by a shorter OS. Our findings provide early evidence suggesting that CSF3R/CD114 shows a potential role as a prognosis marker of OS in patients with GBM. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Brain Cancers)
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16 pages, 1315 KiB  
Article
Identification of Metabolomic Markers in Frozen or Formalin-Fixed and Paraffin-Embedded Samples of Diffuse Glioma from Adults
by David Chardin, Lun Jing, Mélanie Chazal-Ngo-Mai, Jean-Marie Guigonis, Valérie Rigau, Catherine Goze, Hugues Duffau, Thierry Virolle, Thierry Pourcher and Fanny Burel-Vandenbos
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(23), 16697; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242316697 - 24 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1563
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify metabolomic signatures associated with the gliomagenesis pathway (IDH-mutant or IDH-wt) and tumor grade of diffuse gliomas (DGs) according to the 2021 WHO classification on frozen samples and to evaluate the diagnostic performances [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to identify metabolomic signatures associated with the gliomagenesis pathway (IDH-mutant or IDH-wt) and tumor grade of diffuse gliomas (DGs) according to the 2021 WHO classification on frozen samples and to evaluate the diagnostic performances of these signatures in tumor samples that are formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE). An untargeted metabolomic study was performed using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry on a cohort of 213 DG samples. Logistic regression with LASSO penalization was used on the frozen samples to build classification models in order to identify IDH-mutant vs. IDH-wildtype DG and high-grade vs low-grade DG samples. 2-Hydroxyglutarate (2HG) was a metabolite of interest to predict IDH mutational status and aminoadipic acid (AAA) and guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) were significantly associated with grade. The diagnostic performances of the models were 82.6% AUC, 70.6% sensitivity and 80.4% specificity for 2HG to predict IDH status and 84.7% AUC, 78.1% sensitivity and 73.4% specificity for AAA and GAA to predict grade from FFPE samples. Thus, this study showed that AAA and GAA are two novel metabolites of interest in DG and that metabolomic data can be useful in the classification of DG, both in frozen and FFPE samples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Brain Cancers)
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8 pages, 913 KiB  
Communication
Low Expression of the NRP1 Gene Is Associated with Shorter Overall Survival in Patients with Sonic Hedgehog and Group 3 Medulloblastoma
by Moisés Augusto de Araújo, Osvaldo Malafaia, Jurandir M. Ribas Filho, Livia Fratini, Rafael Roesler and Gustavo R. Isolan
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(14), 11601; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241411601 - 18 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1357
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common type of malignant pediatric brain tumor. Neuropilin-1 (NRP1), encoded by the NRP1 gene, is a transmembrane glycoprotein overexpressed in several types of cancer. Previous studies indicate that NRP1 inhibition displays antitumor effects in MB models and higher [...] Read more.
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common type of malignant pediatric brain tumor. Neuropilin-1 (NRP1), encoded by the NRP1 gene, is a transmembrane glycoprotein overexpressed in several types of cancer. Previous studies indicate that NRP1 inhibition displays antitumor effects in MB models and higher NRP1 levels are associated with poorer prognosis in MB patients. Here, we used a large MB tumor dataset to examine NRP1 gene expression in different molecular subgroups and subtypes of MB. We found overall widespread NRP1 expression across MB samples. Tumors in the sonic hedgehog (SHH) subgroup showed significantly higher NRP1 transcript levels in comparison with Group 3 and Group 4 tumors, with SHH samples belonging to the α, β, Δ, and γ subtypes. When all MB subgroups were combined, lower NRP1 expression was associated with significantly shorter patient overall survival (OS). Further analysis showed that low NRP1 was related to poorer OS, specifically in MB subgroups SHH and Group 3 MB. Our findings indicate that patients with SHH and Group 3 tumors that show lower expression of NRP1 in MB have a worse prognosis, which highlights the need for subgroup-specific investigation of the NRP1 role in MB. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Brain Cancers)
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Review

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14 pages, 289 KiB  
Review
Chordoma: Genetics and Contemporary Management
by Rupen Desai, Panayiotis E. Pelargos and Ian F. Dunn
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(11), 5877; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25115877 - 28 May 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1288
Abstract
Chordomas, arising from notochord remnants, are rare neoplasms with aggressive growth patterns despite their histologically low-grade nature. This review explores their embryological origins, molecular markers like brachyury, and genetic alterations driving pathogenesis. Diagnosis relies on advanced imaging and biopsy confirmation due to overlapping [...] Read more.
Chordomas, arising from notochord remnants, are rare neoplasms with aggressive growth patterns despite their histologically low-grade nature. This review explores their embryological origins, molecular markers like brachyury, and genetic alterations driving pathogenesis. Diagnosis relies on advanced imaging and biopsy confirmation due to overlapping features with chondrosarcoma. The WHO classification distinguishes conventional, dedifferentiated, and poorly differentiated chordomas, each with distinct prognostic implications. Recent genomic analyses uncovered recurrent mutations in PI3K signaling pathways and chromatin remodeling genes, informing prognostic models. Surgery remains the cornerstone of treatment, though adjuvant radiation complements surgical resection. Although chordomas are generally considered refractory to medical therapy, emerging targeted molecular strategies show potential promise in ongoing trials. This review aims to provide a concise yet comprehensive overview of chordomas, guiding clinicians in diagnosis, treatment, and prognostication for improved patient outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Brain Cancers)
15 pages, 947 KiB  
Review
Innovation in Non-Invasive Diagnosis and Disease Monitoring for Meningiomas
by Brianna Korte and Dimitrios Mathios
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(8), 4195; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25084195 - 10 Apr 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1344
Abstract
Meningiomas are tumors of the central nervous system that vary in their presentation, ranging from benign and slow-growing to highly aggressive. The standard method for diagnosing and classifying meningiomas involves invasive surgery and can fail to provide accurate prognostic information. Liquid biopsy methods, [...] Read more.
Meningiomas are tumors of the central nervous system that vary in their presentation, ranging from benign and slow-growing to highly aggressive. The standard method for diagnosing and classifying meningiomas involves invasive surgery and can fail to provide accurate prognostic information. Liquid biopsy methods, which exploit circulating tumor biomarkers such as DNA, extracellular vesicles, micro-RNA, proteins, and more, offer a non-invasive and dynamic approach for tumor classification, prognostication, and evaluating treatment response. Currently, a clinically approved liquid biopsy test for meningiomas does not exist. This review provides a discussion of current research and the challenges of implementing liquid biopsy techniques for advancing meningioma patient care. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Brain Cancers)
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12 pages, 991 KiB  
Review
Bone Morphogenic Proteins in Pediatric Diffuse Midline Gliomas: How to Make New Out of Old?
by Clément Berthelot, Paul Huchedé, Adrien Bertrand-Chapel, Pierre-Aurélien Beuriat, Pierre Leblond and Marie Castets
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(6), 3361; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063361 - 15 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1502
Abstract
The BMP pathway is one of the major signaling pathways in embryonic development, ontogeny and homeostasis, identified many years ago by pioneers in developmental biology. Evidence of the deregulation of its activity has also emerged in many cancers, with complex and sometimes opposing [...] Read more.
The BMP pathway is one of the major signaling pathways in embryonic development, ontogeny and homeostasis, identified many years ago by pioneers in developmental biology. Evidence of the deregulation of its activity has also emerged in many cancers, with complex and sometimes opposing effects. Recently, its role has been suspected in Diffuse Midline Gliomas (DMG), among which Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Gliomas (DIPG) are one of the most complex challenges in pediatric oncology. Genomic sequencing has led to understanding part of their molecular etiology, with the identification of histone H3 mutations in a large proportion of patients. The epigenetic remodeling associated with these genetic alterations has also been precisely described, creating a permissive context for oncogenic transcriptional program activation. This review aims to describe the new findings about the involvement of BMP pathway activation in these tumors, placing their appearance in a developmental context. Targeting the oncogenic synergy resulting from this pathway activation in an H3K27M context could offer new therapeutic perspectives based on targeting treatment-resistant cell states. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Brain Cancers)
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