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Molecular Studies on HPV and Cancer
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Molecular Studies on HPV and Cancer

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 16186

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Daniela Cabibi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "Giuseppe D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
Interests: breast cancer; liver histopathology; autoimmune hepatitis
Dr. Giuseppina Capra

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
Interests: STDs; herpetic and HPV infections
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cancer is considered to be a multifactorial disease, in which infections of certain viruses play a fundamental role. Based on epidemiological studies, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified eleven infectious agents as human carcinogens (Group 1). These include high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) genotypes.

Studies conducted over the past three decades have led to the development of prophylactic HPV vaccines used around the world. The high efficacy of these HPV vaccines and the excellent safety profile have resulted in important health benefits for the population.

Importantly, most of our current knowledge relates to HPV infection in the female anogenital tract, with limited information in men. In addition, little is known about the natural history of head and neck HPV infection and the risk factors associated with the development of cancer.

Although the screening and diagnostic methods currently available have significantly reduced the percentage of cancer cases, the identification of molecular biomarkers with diagnostic and prognostic value could further improve the sensitivity and specificity of the resources currently available.

The purpose of this Special Issue is to contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of HPV-related carcinogenesis, e.g., epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation or non-coding RNA (miRNA) expression, known to be deregulated by HPV oncoproteins. Furthermore, studies aimed at investigating whether different molecular mechanisms can explain the different carcinogenic capacity of HPV genotypes or whether they can be involved in different ways in different parts of the human body are welcome.

Prof. Dr. Daniela Cabibi
Prof. Dr. Giuseppina Capra
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • cancer
  • HR-HPV
  • methylation
  • miRNA

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 4429 KiB  
Article
High-Risk HPV CISH Detection in Cervical Biopsies with Weak and/or Focal p16 Immunohistochemical Positivity
by Daniela Cabibi, Antonino Giulio Giannone, Alberto Quattrocchi, Roberta Lo Coco, Eleonora Formisano, Rossana Porcasi, Viviana Benfante, Albert Comelli and Giuseppina Capra
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(10), 5354; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25105354 - 14 May 2024
Viewed by 3589
Abstract
In cervical biopsies, for diagnosis of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) related conditions, the immunohistochemical staining for p16 has a diagnostic value only if diffusely and strongly positive, pattern named “block-like”. “Weak and/or focal (w/f) p16 expression” is commonly considered nonspecific. In our previous [...] Read more.
In cervical biopsies, for diagnosis of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) related conditions, the immunohistochemical staining for p16 has a diagnostic value only if diffusely and strongly positive, pattern named “block-like”. “Weak and/or focal (w/f) p16 expression” is commonly considered nonspecific. In our previous study, we demonstrated the presence of high-risk HPV (hrHPV) DNA by LiPa method in biopsies showing w/f p16 positivity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of hrHPV-DNA by CISH in the areas showing w/f p16 expression. We assessed the presence of hrHPV16, 18, 31, 33, 51 by CISH in a group of 20 cervical biopsies showing w/f p16 expression, some with increased Ki67, and in 10 cases of block-like expression, employed as control. The immunohistochemical p16 expression was also assessed by digital pathology. hrHPV-CISH nuclear positivity was encountered in 12/20 cases of w/f p16 expression (60%). Different patterns of nuclear positivity were identified, classified as punctate, diffuse and mixed, with different epithelial distributions. Our results, albeit in a limited casuistry, show the presence of HPV in an integrated status highlighted by CISH in w/f p16 positive cases. This could suggest the necessity of a careful follow-up of the patients with “weak” and/or “focal” immunohistochemical patterns of p16, mainly in cases of increased Ki67 cell proliferation index, supplemented with molecular biology examinations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Studies on HPV and Cancer)
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Review

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15 pages, 1173 KiB  
Review
Human Papillomavirus 16 E2 as an Apoptosis-Inducing Protein for Cancer Treatment: A Systematic Review
by Dinah Farhanah Jamal, Quratul Ain Rozaimee, Nadila Haryani Osman, Atikah Mohd Sukor, Marjanu Hikmah Elias, Nor Aripin Shamaan, Srijit Das and Nazefah Abdul Hamid
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(20), 12554; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012554 - 19 Oct 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2305
Abstract
Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) is a well-known etiological factor for cervical and oropharyngeal cancers. The E2 protein, the product of an early-transcribed gene in HPV–16, is postulated to cause the death of cancerous cells via p53-dependent and p53-independent pathways. The main aim [...] Read more.
Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) is a well-known etiological factor for cervical and oropharyngeal cancers. The E2 protein, the product of an early-transcribed gene in HPV–16, is postulated to cause the death of cancerous cells via p53-dependent and p53-independent pathways. The main aim of the present systematic review was to study the HPV 16-E2 protein as an apoptosis-inducer agent. A thorough search of MEDLINE/PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and EBSCOhost databases was conducted for relevant studies on HPV AND apoptosis OR cell death where HPV 16-E2 was involved. The search identified 967 publications. Eleven records dated from 1 January 1997 to 16 February 2022 were found to meet the inclusion criteria and were eligible for data extraction and inclusion. All studies concluded that HPV 16-E2 was able to induce cell death in transfected cells. E2 proteins from the high-risk HPV–16 were able to induce apoptosis through different apoptotic pathways depending on the location of the expressed gene. However, the mechanism was still unclear, and further studies are warranted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Studies on HPV and Cancer)
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15 pages, 849 KiB  
Review
The Pathogenesis of Giant Condyloma Acuminatum (Buschke-Lowenstein Tumor): An Overview
by Dorota Purzycka-Bohdan, Roman J. Nowicki, Florian Herms, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Sébastien Fouéré and Vivien Béziat
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(9), 4547; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23094547 - 20 Apr 2022
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 9305
Abstract
Giant condyloma acuminatum, also known as Buschke-Lowenstein tumor (BLT), is a rare disease of the anogenital region. BLT is considered a locally aggressive tumor of benign histological appearance, but with the potential for destructive growth and high recurrence rates. BLT development is strongly [...] Read more.
Giant condyloma acuminatum, also known as Buschke-Lowenstein tumor (BLT), is a rare disease of the anogenital region. BLT is considered a locally aggressive tumor of benign histological appearance, but with the potential for destructive growth and high recurrence rates. BLT development is strongly associated with infection with low-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs), mostly HPV-6 and -11. Immunity to HPVs plays a crucial role in the natural control of various HPV-induced lesions. Large condyloma acuminata are frequently reported in patients with primary (e.g., DOCK8 or SPINK5 deficiencies) and secondary (e.g., AIDS, solid organ transplantation) immune defects. Individuals with extensive anogenital warts, including BLT in particular, should therefore be tested for inherited or acquired immunodeficiency. Research into the genetic basis of unexplained cases is warranted. An understanding of the etiology of BLT would lead to improvements in its management. This review focuses on the role of underlying HPV infections, and human genetic and immunological determinants of BLT. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Studies on HPV and Cancer)
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