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Innovative Targeted Therapies in Inflammatory Diseases

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 August 2022) | Viewed by 22253

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Rheumatic Diseases, Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Interests: inflammation; resolution; cytokines; T cells; fibroblast biology; fibrosis; photodynamic therapy; autoimmunity; arthritis; systemic sclerosis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Inflammatory diseases such as allergies, asthma, autoimmune diseases, glomerulonephritis, hepatitis, and inflammatory bowel disease are severe and chronic diseases that affect a significant proportion of the population worldwide. These diseases severely affect quality of life and form a major burden on health care systems. The development of biological treatments and small-molecule inhibitors in the last couple of decades has resulted in a significant improvement in the therapy of these diseases. However, there is an ongoing need for the development of newer, more efficient, and more cost-effective treatment options with less side effects.

An important strategy to increase effectiveness and reduce side effects is to make treatments more targeted, thereby directing the active drug more specifically to alleviating inflammation and preventing adverse effects in unwanted areas. A broad scale of tools and strategies have been developed to achieve this, including antibody- and nanoparticle-based technology. Armed antibodies or antibody–drug conjugated liposomes, extracellular vesicles, and other types of carriers are under investigation to make anti-inflammatory drugs more targeted.

This Special Issue of IJMS will focus on the advances in the field of targeted therapies in inflammatory diseases. We are seeking novel fundamental and translational research in the field of targeted therapies and aim to put these innovative treatment strategies in the spotlight.

Dr. Marije I. Koenders
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • inflammation
  • innovative treatment
  • inflammatory diseases
  • autoimmune diseases
  • targeted therapies

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Review

32 pages, 1955 KiB  
Review
Systematic Review: Targeted Molecular Imaging of Angiogenesis and Its Mediators in Rheumatoid Arthritis
by Fatemeh Khodadust, Aiarpi Ezdoglian, Maarten M. Steinz, Judy R. van Beijnum, Gerben J. C. Zwezerijnen, Gerrit Jansen, Sander W. Tas and Conny J. van der Laken
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(13), 7071; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23137071 - 25 Jun 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4681
Abstract
Extensive angiogenesis is a characteristic feature in the synovial tissue of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) from a very early stage of the disease onward and constitutes a crucial event for the development of the proliferative synovium. This process is markedly intensified in patients with [...] Read more.
Extensive angiogenesis is a characteristic feature in the synovial tissue of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) from a very early stage of the disease onward and constitutes a crucial event for the development of the proliferative synovium. This process is markedly intensified in patients with prolonged disease duration, high disease activity, disease severity, and significant inflammatory cell infiltration. Angiogenesis is therefore an interesting target for the development of new therapeutic approaches as well as disease monitoring strategies in RA. To this end, nuclear imaging modalities represent valuable non-invasive tools that can selectively target molecular markers of angiogenesis and accurately and quantitatively track molecular changes in multiple joints simultaneously. This systematic review summarizes the imaging markers used for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and/or positron emission tomography (PET) approaches, targeting pathways and mediators involved in synovial neo-angiogenesis in RA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Targeted Therapies in Inflammatory Diseases)
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11 pages, 654 KiB  
Review
The Promises of Natural Killer Cell Therapy in Endometriosis
by Janneke Hoogstad-van Evert, Romy Paap, Annemiek Nap and Renate van der Molen
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(10), 5539; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105539 - 16 May 2022
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3672
Abstract
Endometriosis is a gynaecological disease defined by the growth of endometrium-like tissue outside the uterus. The disease is present in approximately 5–10% of women of reproductive age and causes pelvic pain and infertility. The pathophysiology is not completely understood, but retrograde menstruation and [...] Read more.
Endometriosis is a gynaecological disease defined by the growth of endometrium-like tissue outside the uterus. The disease is present in approximately 5–10% of women of reproductive age and causes pelvic pain and infertility. The pathophysiology is not completely understood, but retrograde menstruation and deficiency in natural killer (NK) cells that clear endometriotic cells in the peritoneal cavity play an important role. Nowadays, hormonal therapy and surgery to remove endometriosis lesions are used as treatment. However, these therapies do not work for all patients, and hormonal therapy prevents patients from getting pregnant. Therefore, new treatment strategies should be developed. Since the cytotoxicity of NK cells is decreased in endometriosis, we performed a literature search into the possibility of NK cell therapy. Available treatment options include the inhibition of receptor–ligand interaction for KIR2DL1, NKG2A, LILRB1/2, and PD-1/PD-L1; inhibition of TGF-β; stimulation of NK cells with IL-2; and mycobacterial treatment with BCG. In preclinical work, these therapies show promising results but unfortunately have side effects, which have not specifically been studied in endometriosis patients. Before NK cell treatment can be used in the clinic, more research is needed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Targeted Therapies in Inflammatory Diseases)
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24 pages, 403 KiB  
Review
The Preferential Use of Anakinra in Various Settings of FMF: A Review Applied to an Updated Treatment-Related Perspective of the Disease
by Eitan Giat, Ilan Ben-Zvi, Merav Lidar and Avi Livneh
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(7), 3956; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073956 - 2 Apr 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4070
Abstract
Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), the most frequent monogenic autoinflammatory disease, is manifested with recurrent and chronic inflammation and amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis, driven by overproduction of interleukin 1 (IL-1) through an activated pyrin inflammasome. Consequently, non-responsiveness to colchicine, the cornerstone of FMF treatment, [...] Read more.
Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), the most frequent monogenic autoinflammatory disease, is manifested with recurrent and chronic inflammation and amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis, driven by overproduction of interleukin 1 (IL-1) through an activated pyrin inflammasome. Consequently, non-responsiveness to colchicine, the cornerstone of FMF treatment, is nowadays addressed by IL-1- blockers. Each of the two IL-1 blockers currently used in FMF, anakinra and canakinumab, has its own merits for FMF care. Here we focus on anakinra, a recombinant form of the naturally occurring IL-1 receptor antagonist, and explore the literature by using PubMed regarding the utility of anakinra in certain conditions of FMF. Occasionally we enrich published data with our own experience. To facilitate insights to anakinra role, the paper briefs some clinical, genetic, pathogenetic, and management aspects of FMF. The clinical settings of FMF covered in this review include colchicine resistance, AA amyloidosis, renal transplantation, protracted febrile myalgia, on- demand use, leg pain, arthritis, temporary suspension of colchicine, pediatric patients, and pregnancy and lactation. In many of these instances, either because of safety concerns or a necessity for only transient and short-term use, anakinra, due to its short half-life, is the preferred IL-1 blocker. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Targeted Therapies in Inflammatory Diseases)
32 pages, 2936 KiB  
Review
New and Emerging Targeted Therapies for Hidradenitis Suppurativa
by Adela Markota Čagalj, Branka Marinović and Zrinka Bukvić Mokos
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(7), 3753; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073753 - 29 Mar 2022
Cited by 38 | Viewed by 9201
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, recurrent, inflammatory skin disease deriving from the hair follicles. The formation of inflammatory nodules, abscesses, fistulas, and sinus tracts is characterized by a large inflow of key pro-inflammatory mediators, such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1, IL-17, and IL-12/23. [...] Read more.
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, recurrent, inflammatory skin disease deriving from the hair follicles. The formation of inflammatory nodules, abscesses, fistulas, and sinus tracts is characterized by a large inflow of key pro-inflammatory mediators, such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1, IL-17, and IL-12/23. Adalimumab is currently the only Food and Drug Administration (FDA)- and European Medicines Agency (EMA)-approved biologic therapy for moderate to severe HS in adults and adolescents. However, the long-term effectiveness of this TNF-α inhibitor in HS patients has shown to be highly variable. This review aims to review the evidence for emerging therapies that target the main pro-inflammatory cytokines in HS pathogenesis. A review of the literature was conducted, using the PubMed and Google Scholar repositories, as well as Clinicaltrials.gov. Presently, the most promising biologics in phase III trials are anti-IL-17 antibodies, secukinumab, and bimekizumab. Furthermore, an anti-IL-1 biologic, bermekimab, is currently in phase II trials, and shows encouraging results. Overall, the clinical efficacies of all new targeted therapies published up to this point are limited. More studies need to be performed to clarify the precise molecular pathology, and assess the efficacy of biological therapies for HS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Targeted Therapies in Inflammatory Diseases)
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