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New Insights of Fungal and Plant Lipids: Structural Diversity, Metabolism and Applications

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Plant Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 May 2025 | Viewed by 6051

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Ekaterina Kotlova

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Analytical Phytochemistry, Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg 197022, Russia
Interests: lipidomics; glycerolipids; sphingolipids; sterols; triterpenes; metabolomics; fungal and plant lipid metabolism; GC-MS; LC-ESI-MS/MS; MALDI

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Fungal and plant lipids are of great interest because they are a source of essential fatty acids in the human diet and can be applied in many other fields of life, such as the production of biodiesel and medicines. Lipids are highly diverse biomolecules that may act as membrane constituents, signaling molecules, and effectors of protein structure and function. Along with the increased knowledge on fungal and plant lipid metabolism, there has been an accumulation of data on the structural diversity, specific distribution, genetic basis, and regulation of metabolic pathways.

The objective of this Special Issue is to bring together relevant international researchers from the field of fungal and plant lipids. We welcome submissions of original research articles and reviews addressing the recent advancements of the diverse applications of lipidomics and classical labelling techniques to obtain new insights into lipid metabolism. Topics welcomed for this Special Issue include the structural diversity of lipids (glycerolipids, sphingolipids, sterols, waxes, oxylipins, etc.), lipid metabolism (label-free lipidomics, stable isotope labelling, and visualization-based approaches, such as mass spectrometry imaging), lipids in development and stress responses, and fungal and plant lipids in human health.

This Special Issue is supervised by Dr. Ekaterina R. Kotlova and assisted by our Topical Advisory Panel Member Dr. Svetlana V. Senik (Laboratory of Fungal Biochemistry, Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences). We also wish to dedicate this issue to the memory of Dr. Natalia F. Sinyutina, a pioneer in the study of plant lipid metabolism pathways in the 1980s and 1990s, who passed away on January 4, 2023.

Dr. Ekaterina Kotlova
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • lipidomics
  • fatty acids
  • glycerolipids
  • sphingolipids
  • sterols
  • oxylipins
  • fungal and plant lipid metabolism

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 1536 KiB  
Article
Membrane Lipids and Osmolytes in the Response of the Acidophilic Basidiomycete Phlebiopsis gigantea to Heat, Cold, and Osmotic Shocks
by Elena A. Ianutsevich, Olga A. Danilova, Olga A. Grum-Grzhimaylo and Vera M. Tereshina
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(6), 3380; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063380 - 16 Mar 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1000
Abstract
Previously, we found for the first time the participation of osmolytes in adaptation to acidic conditions in three acidophilic fungi. Because trehalose can protect membranes, we hypothesized a relationship between osmolyte and membrane systems in adaptation to stressors. In the mycelium of Phlebiopsis [...] Read more.
Previously, we found for the first time the participation of osmolytes in adaptation to acidic conditions in three acidophilic fungi. Because trehalose can protect membranes, we hypothesized a relationship between osmolyte and membrane systems in adaptation to stressors. In the mycelium of Phlebiopsis gigantea, the level of osmolytes reaches 8% of the dry mass, while trehalose and arabitol make up 60% and 33% of the sum, respectively. Cold shock does not change the composition of osmolytes, heat shock causes a twofold increase in the trehalose level, and osmotic shock leads to a marked increase in the amount of trehalose and arabitol. Predominance of phospholipids (89% of the sum) and low proportions of sterols and sphingolipids are characteristic features of the membrane lipids’ composition. Phosphatidic acids, along with phosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidylcholines, are the main membrane lipids. The composition of the membrane lipids remains constant under all shocks. The predominance of linoleic (75% of the sum) and palmitic (20%) acids in phospholipids results in a high degree of unsaturation (1.5). Minor fluctuations in the fatty acid composition are observed under all shocks. The results demonstrate that maintaining or increasing the trehalose level provides stability in the membrane lipid composition during adaptation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights of Fungal and Plant Lipids: Structural Diversity, Metabolism and Applications)
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17 pages, 2164 KiB  
Article
Identification of Conjugated Dienes of Fatty Acids in Vischeria sp. IPPAS C-70 under Oxidative Stress
by Roman A. Sidorov, Alexander Y. Starikov, Maria A. Sinetova, Elizaveta V. Guilmisarian and Dmitry A. Los
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(6), 3239; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063239 - 13 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1336
Abstract
The microalgae Vischeria sp. IPPAS C-70 produces eicosapentaenoic acid. Several stresses cause the formation of fatty acid peaks that resemble hexadecadienoic acids. We used the integrated technique including TLC, HPLC, and GC–MS to search and determine these fatty acids. Double bond positioning in [...] Read more.
The microalgae Vischeria sp. IPPAS C-70 produces eicosapentaenoic acid. Several stresses cause the formation of fatty acid peaks that resemble hexadecadienoic acids. We used the integrated technique including TLC, HPLC, and GC–MS to search and determine these fatty acids. Double bond positioning in these fatty acids indicated that they were conjugated dienes and allenes. We identified and described natural nine isomers of C16 polyunsaturated fatty acids, including common methylene-interrupted dienes (Δ6,9-16:2, Δ7,10-16:2, Δ9,12-16:2), and unusual conjugated dienes (Δ6,8-, Δ7,9-, Δ8,10-, Δ9,11-, and Δ10,12-16:2), as well as allenic diene (Δ9,10-16:2). We hypothesize that the formation of conjugated dienes and allenes among fatty acids is the result of oxidative stress caused by H2O2. Hydrogen peroxide also caused an increase in saturated at the expense of unsaturated fatty acids, suggesting inhibition either fatty acid desaturases activities or the corresponding gene expression. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights of Fungal and Plant Lipids: Structural Diversity, Metabolism and Applications)
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22 pages, 7242 KiB  
Article
Uptake and Metabolic Conversion of Exogenous Phosphatidylcholines Depending on Their Acyl Chain Structure in Arabidopsis thaliana
by Ekaterina R. Kotlova, Svetlana V. Senik, Gregory A. Pozhvanov, Ilya A. Prokopiev, Ivan A. Boldyrev, Bairta S. Manzhieva, Ekaterina Ya. Amigud, Roman K. Puzanskiy, Anna A. Khakulova and Evgeny B. Serebryakov
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(1), 89; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25010089 - 20 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1376
Abstract
Fungi and plants are not only capable of synthesizing the entire spectrum of lipids de novo but also possess a well-developed system that allows them to assimilate exogenous lipids. However, the role of structure in the ability of lipids to be absorbed and [...] Read more.
Fungi and plants are not only capable of synthesizing the entire spectrum of lipids de novo but also possess a well-developed system that allows them to assimilate exogenous lipids. However, the role of structure in the ability of lipids to be absorbed and metabolized has not yet been characterized in detail. In the present work, targeted lipidomics of phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), in parallel with morphological phenotyping, allowed for the identification of differences in the effects of PC molecular species introduced into the growth medium, in particular, typical bacterial saturated (14:0/14:0, 16:0/16:0), monounsaturated (16:0/18:1), and typical for fungi and plants polyunsaturated (16:0/18:2, 18:2/18:2) species, on Arabidopsis thaliana. For comparison, the influence of an artificially synthesized (1,2-di-(3-(3-hexylcyclopentyl)-propanoate)-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine, which is close in structure to archaeal lipids, was studied. The phenotype deviations stimulated by exogenous lipids included changes in the length and morphology of both the roots and leaves of seedlings. According to lipidomics data, the main trends in response to exogenous lipid exposure were an increase in the proportion of endogenic 18:1/18:1 PC and 18:1_18:2 PC molecular species and a decrease in the relative content of species with C18:3, such as 18:3/18:3 PC and/or 16:0_18:3 PC, 16:1_18:3 PE. The obtained data indicate that exogenous lipid molecules affect plant morphology not only due to their physical properties, which are manifested during incorporation into the membrane, but also due to the participation of exogenous lipid molecules in the metabolism of plant cells. The results obtained open the way to the use of PCs of different structures as cellular regulators. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights of Fungal and Plant Lipids: Structural Diversity, Metabolism and Applications)
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Review

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19 pages, 997 KiB  
Review
Stigmasterol: An Enigmatic Plant Stress Sterol with Versatile Functions
by Julia Valitova, Albina Renkova, Richard Beckett and Farida Minibayeva
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(15), 8122; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25158122 - 25 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1458
Abstract
Sterols play important structural and regulatory roles in numerous intracellular processes. Unlike animals, plants contain a distinctive and diverse variety of sterols. Recently, information has emerged showing that stigmasterol is a “stress sterol”. Stigmasterol is synthesized via the mevalonate biosynthesis pathway and has [...] Read more.
Sterols play important structural and regulatory roles in numerous intracellular processes. Unlike animals, plants contain a distinctive and diverse variety of sterols. Recently, information has emerged showing that stigmasterol is a “stress sterol”. Stigmasterol is synthesized via the mevalonate biosynthesis pathway and has structural similarity to β-sitosterol but differs in the presence of a trans-oriented double bond in the side chain. In plants, the accumulation of stigmasterol has been observed in response to various stresses. However, the precise ways that stigmasterol is involved in the stress responses of plants remain unclear. This comprehensive review provides an update on the biology of stigmasterol, particularly the physicochemical properties of this ethylsterol, its biosynthesis, and its occurrence in higher plants and extremophilic organisms, e.g., mosses and lichens. Special emphasis is given to the evolutionary aspects of stigmasterol biosynthesis, particularly the variations in the gene structure of C22-sterol desaturase, which catalyzes the formation of stigmasterol from β-sitosterol, in a diversity of evolutionarily distant organisms. The roles of stigmasterol in the tolerance of plants to hostile environments and the prospects for its biomedical applications are also discussed. Taken together, the available data suggest that stigmasterol plays important roles in plant metabolism, although in some aspects, it remains an enigmatic compound. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights of Fungal and Plant Lipids: Structural Diversity, Metabolism and Applications)
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