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Advances in Tumor-Associated Microbiome

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2022) | Viewed by 8336

Special Issue Editors

Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Catalonia, Spain
Interests: head and neck cancers; experimental therapeutics—drug development; immune biomarkers; human papillomavirus; microbiome

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Guest Editor
Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Catalonia, Spain
Interests: infections and cancer epidemiology and prevention

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The study of the human microbiome in oncology is a growing and rapidly evolving field. Accumulating evidence indicates an association between microbiome and cancer, from oncogenesis and cancer progression to resistance or sensitivity to specific anticancer therapies. Microbial communities located either in the tumor or within its body compartment - also known as tumor-associated microbiome - seem to interact with the local microenvironment and the tumor immune contexture, enabling and/or facilitating tumorigenesis and progression, ultimately impacting on treatment outcome. Pre-clinical research focusing on causality and mechanistic pathways, proof-of-concept studies as well as methodology standardization across research groups and institutions are key areas for development that will be crucial to understand the potential clinical utility of tumor-associated microbiome in cancer patients. This Special Issue will be dedicated to the impact of microbiome on cancer development and progression, with a particular focus on tumor-associated microbiome, welcoming all those studies that will help to clarify and expand on how microorganisms interact with cancer cells and immune cells within the tumor microenvironment. Investigations on tumor-specific interactions with local microbiome at a molecular level are of particular interest. Research studies evaluating the relationship between tumor microbiome and response to cancer therapies including radiotherapy and systemic treatments (ie. Cytotoxic chemotherapy, molecular targeted agents and immunotherapies) are highly encouraged. 

Dr. Marc Oliva
Dr. Laia Alemany
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • cancer
  • carcinogenesis
  • microbiome
  • tumor-associated microbiome
  • oral microbiome
  • gut microbiome
  • 16S RNAseq
  • metagenomics
  • cancer cell-microbiome interactions
  • immune-cell microbiome interactions
  • molecular pathways

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 1177 KiB  
Article
Interaction between Bacteria and the Immune System for Cancer Immunotherapy: The α-GalCer Alliance
by Arsenij Ustjanzew, Valentin Sencio, François Trottein, Jörg Faber, Roger Sandhoff and Claudia Paret
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(11), 5896; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23115896 - 24 May 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3688
Abstract
Non-conventional T cells, such as γδ T and invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, are emerging players in fighting cancer. Alpha-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) is used as an exogenous ligand to activate iNKT cells. Human cells don’t have a direct pathway producing α-GalCer, which, however, [...] Read more.
Non-conventional T cells, such as γδ T and invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, are emerging players in fighting cancer. Alpha-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) is used as an exogenous ligand to activate iNKT cells. Human cells don’t have a direct pathway producing α-GalCer, which, however, can be produced by bacteria. We searched the literature for bacteria strains that are able to produce α-GalCer and used available sequencing data to analyze their presence in human tumor tissues and their association with survival. The modulatory effect of antibiotics on the concentration of α-GalCer was analyzed in mice. The human gut bacteria Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides vulgatus, and Prevotella copri produce α-GalCer structures that are able to activate iNKT cells. In mice, α-GalCer was depleted upon treatment with vancomycin. The three species were detected in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) and rectum adenocarcinoma tissues, and Prevotella copri was also detected in bone tumors and glioblastoma tissues. Bacteroides vulgatus in COAD tissues correlated with better survival. In conclusion, α-GalCer-producing bacteria are part of the human gut microbiome and can infiltrate tumor tissues. These results suggest a new mechanism of interaction between bacteria and immune cells: α-GalCer produced by bacteria may activate non-conventional T cells in tumor tissues, where they can exert a direct or indirect anti-tumor activity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Tumor-Associated Microbiome)
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Review

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25 pages, 655 KiB  
Review
The Oncobiome in Gastroenteric and Genitourinary Cancers
by Domenica Lucia D’Antonio, Simona Marchetti, Pamela Pignatelli, Adriano Piattelli and Maria Cristina Curia
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(17), 9664; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179664 - 26 Aug 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4140
Abstract
Early evidence suggests a strong association of microorganisms with several human cancers, and great efforts have been made to understand the pathophysiology underlying microbial carcinogenesis. Bacterial dysbiosis causes epithelial barrier failure, immune dysregulation and/or genotoxicity and, consequently, creates a tumor-permissive microenvironment. The majority [...] Read more.
Early evidence suggests a strong association of microorganisms with several human cancers, and great efforts have been made to understand the pathophysiology underlying microbial carcinogenesis. Bacterial dysbiosis causes epithelial barrier failure, immune dysregulation and/or genotoxicity and, consequently, creates a tumor-permissive microenvironment. The majority of the bacteria in our body reside in the gastrointestinal tract, known as gut microbiota, which represents a complex and delicate ecosystem. Gut microbes can reach the pancreas, stomach and colon via the bloodstream. Oral bacterial translocations can also occur. In the stomach, pancreas and colon, low microbial diversity is associated with cancer, in particular with a bad prognosis. The urogenital tract also harbors unique microbiota, distinct from the gut microbiota, which might have a role in the urinary and female/male reproductive cancers’ pathogenesis. In healthy women, the majority of bacteria reside in the vagina and cervix and unlike other mucosal sites, the vaginal microbiota exhibits low microbial diversity. Genital dysbiosis might have an active role in the development and/or progression of gynecological malignancies through mechanisms including modulation of oestrogen metabolism. Urinary dysbiosis may influence the pathogenesis of bladder cancer and prostate cancer in males. Modulation of the microbiome via pre, pro and postbiotics, fecal or vaginal microbiota transplantation and engineering bacteria might prove useful in improving cancer treatment response and quality of life. Elucidating the complex host-microbiome interactions will result in prevention and therapeutic efficacy interventions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Tumor-Associated Microbiome)
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