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Epigenetic Modifications in Health and Disease

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Genetics and Genomics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 June 2024) | Viewed by 1205

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences and Bio5 Research Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
Interests: fetal development; epigenetics; long non-coding RNA; cardiovascular biology; cerebral autoregulation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Accumulating evidence suggests that epigenetic modifications play a crucial role in chronic disorders such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, and hypertension. Importantly, maternal exposure to different stressors can change the epigenetic landscape of the fetal genome and adversely impact the risk of such disorders in adult life. Among various epigenetic modifications, DNA methylation has emerged as an important regulator of transcription and long-term control of gene expression. Moreover, evidence supports that DNA modification is heritable and alters the health and disease risk for the next few generations.

In this Special Issue of IJMS, we will focus on DNA methylation and its role in metabolic syndrome (hypertension, obesity, and diabetes mellitus). The aim of this Special Issue will be to provide a comprehensive update on the role of DNA methylation in hypertension, obesity, and/or diabetes mellitus. We welcome original research articles and up-to-date review articles.

Dr. Ravi Goyal
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • proximal promoter methylation
  • CpG islands
  • Dohad
  • fetal programming
  • fetal origins of adult disorders
  • developmental origins of health and disease

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

16 pages, 9548 KiB  
Article
Dynamic Alterations in Acetylation and Modulation of Histone Deacetylase Expression Evident in the Dentine–Pulp Complex during Dentinogenesis
by Yukako Yamauchi, Emi Shimizu and Henry F. Duncan
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(12), 6569; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25126569 - 14 Jun 2024
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Abstract
Epigenetic modulation, including histone modification, alters gene expression and controls cell fate. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are identified as important regulators of dental pulp cell (DPC) mineralisation processes. Currently, there is a paucity of information regarding the nature of histone modification and HDAC expression [...] Read more.
Epigenetic modulation, including histone modification, alters gene expression and controls cell fate. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are identified as important regulators of dental pulp cell (DPC) mineralisation processes. Currently, there is a paucity of information regarding the nature of histone modification and HDAC expression in the dentine–pulp complex during dentinogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate post-translational histone modulation and HDAC expression during DPC mineralisation and the expression of Class I/II HDACs during tooth development and in adult teeth. HDAC expression (isoforms −1 to −6) was analysed in mineralising primary rat DPCs using qRT-PCR and Western blot with mass spectrometry being used to analyse post-translational histone modifications. Maxillary molar teeth from postnatal and adult rats were analysed using immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for HDACs (1–6). HDAC-1, -2, and -4 protein expression increased until days 7 and 11, but decreased at days 14 and 21, while other HDAC expression increased continuously for 21 days. The Class II mineralisation-associated HDAC-4 was strongly expressed in postnatal sample odontoblasts and DPCs, but weakly in adult teeth, while other Class II HDACs (-5, -6) were relatively strongly expressed in postnatal DPCs and adult odontoblasts. Among Class I HDACs, HDAC-1 showed high expression in postnatal teeth, notably in ameloblasts and odontoblasts. HDAC-2 and -3 had extremely low expression in the rat dentine–pulp complex. Significant increases in acetylation were noted during DPC mineralisation processes, while trimethylation H3K9 and H3K27 marks decreased, and the HDAC-inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) enhanced H3K27me3. These results highlight a dynamic alteration in histone acetylation during mineralisation and indicate the relevance of Class II HDAC expression in tooth development and regenerative processes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epigenetic Modifications in Health and Disease)
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