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Molecular Control of Metabolism and Growth Processes
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Molecular Control of Metabolism and Growth Processes

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2024) | Viewed by 5443

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Luisa Dalla Valle

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
Interests: steroid hormones and steroid receptors; glucocorticoids; endocrine disease; zebrafish; autophagy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Oliana Carnevali

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
Interests: gamete quality in teleost; reproductive endocrinology and physiology of new species for aquaculture; development of new diet for environment-friendly aquaculture; animal welfare monitoring; reproductive toxicology to monitor the environmental risk; appetite control
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Interest is increasing regarding the molecular principle behind the complex interactions of signals in the molecular control of metabolic and musculoskeletal growth processes. Concern is also increasing regarding metabolic aging acting on the dysregulation of energy intake, increasing the risk of energy imbalance and micronutrient deficiencies.  

This research topic will focus on positive or negative molecules able to interact with metabolism and growth in model organisms or farmed species. Manuscripts (including original research, perspectives, mini-reviews, commentaries, and opinion papers) addressing one or more of the following themes are invited:

  • Hormonal control of appetite (orexigenic and anorexigenic signals) central and/or peripheral control;
  • Hormonal control of metabolism and growth;
  • Glucose and insulin as potential mediators of impaired regulation of food intake;
  • Genetic alteration, metabolic aging, and stress affecting metabolism and growth;
  • The effects of nutritional factors (diet, feeding systems, additives, probiotics, prebiotics, micronutrients, etc.) on metabolism and growth;
  • Studies of musculoskeletal growth and anomalies using biomolecular tools.

This Special Issue, “Molecular Control of Metabolism and Growth Processes”, welcomes contributions covering all areas of basic and application-oriented research associated with metabolism and growth regarding the aspects of biochemistry, cell biology, molecular biology, and biophysics.

Dr. Luisa Dalla Valle
Prof. Dr. Oliana Carnevali
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • metabolism
  • growth
  • micronutrients
  • feed additives
  • musculo-skeletal growth
  • orexigenic and anorexigenic signals
  • metabolic aging

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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31 pages, 7082 KiB  
Article
Low-Protein Diets Differentially Regulate Energy Balance during Thermoneutral and Heat Stress in Cobb Broiler Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
by Julia Sutton, Mohammad Habibi, Cedrick N. Shili, Ali Beker, Janeen L. Salak-Johnson, Andrew Foote and Adel Pezeshki
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(8), 4369; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25084369 - 15 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1377
Abstract
The objective was to assess whether low-protein (LP) diets regulate food intake (FI) and thermogenesis differently during thermoneutral (TN) and heat stress (HS) conditions. Two-hundred-day-old male broiler chicks were weight-matched and assigned to 36 pens with 5–6 chicks/pen. After 2 weeks of acclimation, [...] Read more.
The objective was to assess whether low-protein (LP) diets regulate food intake (FI) and thermogenesis differently during thermoneutral (TN) and heat stress (HS) conditions. Two-hundred-day-old male broiler chicks were weight-matched and assigned to 36 pens with 5–6 chicks/pen. After 2 weeks of acclimation, birds were subjected into four groups (9 pens/group) including (1) a normal-protein diet under TN (ambient temperature), (2) an LP diet under TN, (3) a normal-protein diet under HS (35 °C for 7 h/day), and (4) an LP diet under HS, for 4 weeks. During HS, but not TN, LP tended to decrease FI, which might be associated with a lower mRNA abundance of duodenal ghrelin and higher GIP during HS. The LP group had a higher thermal radiation than NP under TN, but during HS, the LP group had a lower thermal radiation than NP. This was linked with higher a transcript of muscle β1AR and AMPKα1 during TN, but not HS. Further, LP increased the gene expression of COX IV during TN but reduced COX IV and the sirtuin 1 abundance during HS. The dietary protein content differentially impacted plasma metabolome during TN and HS with divergent changes in amino acids such as tyrosine and tryptophan. Compared to NP, LP had increased abundances of p_Tenericutes, c_Mollicutes, c_Mollicutes_RF9, and f_tachnospiraceae under HS. Overall, LP diets may mitigate the negative outcome of heat stress on the survivability of birds by reducing FI and heat production. The differential effect of an LP diet on energy balance during TN and HS is likely regulated by gut and skeletal muscle and alterations in plasma metabolites and cecal microbiota. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Control of Metabolism and Growth Processes)
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15 pages, 2498 KiB  
Article
Expression of Genes Encoding Selected Orexigenic and Anorexigenic Peptides and Their Receptors in the Organs of the Gastrointestinal Tract of Calves and Adult Domestic Cattle (Bos taurus taurus)
by Katarzyna Kras, Katarzyna Ropka-Molik, Siemowit Muszyński and Marcin B. Arciszewski
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(1), 533; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25010533 - 31 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1738
Abstract
The regulation of food intake occurs at multiple levels, and two of the components of this process are orexigenic and anorexigenic peptides, which stimulate or inhibit appetite, respectively. The study of the function of these compounds in domestic cattle is essential for production [...] Read more.
The regulation of food intake occurs at multiple levels, and two of the components of this process are orexigenic and anorexigenic peptides, which stimulate or inhibit appetite, respectively. The study of the function of these compounds in domestic cattle is essential for production efficiency, animal welfare, and health, as well as for economic benefits, environmental protection, and the contribution to a better understanding of physiological aspects that can be applied to other species. In this study, the real-time PCR method was utilized to determine the expression levels of GHRL, GHSR, SMIM20, GPR173, LEP, LEPR, and NUCB2 (which encode ghrelin, its receptor, phoenixin-14, its receptor, leptin, its receptor, and nesfatin-1, respectively) in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of Polish Holstein–Friesian breed cattle. In all analyzed GIT segments, mRNA for all the genes was present in both age groups, confirming their significance in these tissues. Gene expression levels varied distinctly across different GIT segments and between young and mature subjects. The differences between calves and adults were particularly pronounced in areas such as the forestomachs, ileum, and jejunum, indicating potential changes in peptides regulating food intake based on the developmental phase. In mature individuals, the forestomachs predominantly displayed an increase in GHRL expression, while the intestines had elevated levels of GHSR, GPR173, LEP, and NUCB2. In contrast, the forestomachs in calves showed upregulated expressions of LEP, LEPR, and NUCB2, highlighting the potential importance of peptides from these genes in bovine forestomach development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Control of Metabolism and Growth Processes)
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16 pages, 3240 KiB  
Article
Recombinant Phytase Modulates Blood Amino Acids and Proteomics Profiles in Pigs Fed with Low-Protein, -Calcium, and -Phosphorous Diets
by Cedrick N. Shili, Frank Kiyimba, Steve Hartsen, Ranjith Ramanathan and Adel Pezeshki
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(1), 341; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25010341 - 26 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1282
Abstract
A beneficial effect of corn-expressed phytase (CEP) on the growth performance of pigs fed with very low-protein (VLP) diets was previously shown. Little is known whether this improvement is related to alterations in the expression profiles of blood proteins and amino acids (AAs). [...] Read more.
A beneficial effect of corn-expressed phytase (CEP) on the growth performance of pigs fed with very low-protein (VLP) diets was previously shown. Little is known whether this improvement is related to alterations in the expression profiles of blood proteins and amino acids (AAs). The objective of this study was to investigate whether supplementation of VLP, low-calcium (Ca), and low-P diets with a CEP would alter the blood AAs and protein expression profiles in pigs. Forty-eight pigs were subjected to one of the following groups (n = 8/group) for 4 weeks: positive control (PC), negative control-reduced protein (NC), NC + low-dose CEP (LD), NC + high-dose CEP (HD), LD with reduced Ca/P (LDR), and HD with reduced Ca/P (HDR). Plasma leucine and phenylalanine concentrations were reduced in NC; however, the LD diet recovered the concentration of these AAs. Serum proteomics analysis revealed that proteins involved with growth regulation, such as selenoprotein P were upregulated while the IGF-binding proteins family proteins were differentially expressed in CEP-supplemented groups. Furthermore, a positive correlation was detected between growth and abundance of proteins involved in bone mineralization and muscle structure development. Taken together, CEP improved the blood profile of some essential AAs and affected the expression of proteins involved in the regulation of growth. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Control of Metabolism and Growth Processes)
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Review

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25 pages, 1362 KiB  
Review
Endocannabinoid System and Metabolism: The Influences of Sex
by Isabel Forner-Piquer, Christian Giommi, Fiorenza Sella, Marta Lombó, Nina Montik, Luisa Dalla Valle and Oliana Carnevali
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(22), 11909; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252211909 - 6 Nov 2024
Viewed by 423
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a lipid signaling system involved in numerous physiological processes, such as endocrine homeostasis, appetite control, energy balance, and metabolism. The ECS comprises endocannabinoids, their cognate receptors, and the enzymatic machinery that tightly regulates their levels within tissues. This [...] Read more.
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a lipid signaling system involved in numerous physiological processes, such as endocrine homeostasis, appetite control, energy balance, and metabolism. The ECS comprises endocannabinoids, their cognate receptors, and the enzymatic machinery that tightly regulates their levels within tissues. This system has been identified in various organs, including the brain and liver, in multiple mammalian and non-mammalian species. However, information regarding the sex-specific regulation of the ECS remains limited, even though increasing evidence suggests that interactions between sex steroid hormones and the ECS may ultimately modulate hepatic metabolism and energy homeostasis. Within this framework, we will review the sexual dimorphism of the ECS in various animal models, providing evidence of the crosstalk between endocannabinoids and sex hormones via different metabolic pathways. Additionally, we will underscore the importance of understanding how endocrine-disrupting chemicals and exogenous cannabinoids influence ECS-dependent metabolic pathways in a sex-specific manner. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Control of Metabolism and Growth Processes)
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