Preventive and Therapeutic Strategies in Vascular Dysfunction
A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism".
Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2022) | Viewed by 6287
Special Issue Editor
2. Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Subunit 1, polo 3, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
Interests: lipid peroxidation; neuroprotective agents; blood glucose; endothelium; vascular
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Special Issue Information
Dear Colleagues,
In the last two decades, the vascular endothelium has emerged as a bioactive monolayer of cells essential in the control of vascular homeostasis, regulating various processes including vascular tone, permeability, coagulation, thrombosis, cell growth, inflammation, oxidation and angiogenesis. This inner layer of specialized cells facing the lumen of blood vessels is present in arteries, veins and cardiac chambers and acts as a protective barrier between circulating blood and the adjacent tissues.
Endothelial cells release bioactive substances in response to stimuli. The endothelium is prone to direct or indirect injury due to the presence of cardiovascular risk factors (such as chronic disease states, metabolic conditions (for example, diabetes mellitus, obesity, dyslipidemia), smoking and disturbed blood flow). When damaged endothelial cells are activated and trigger an inflammatory response involving other cell types—monocytes, lymphocytes, platelets and smooth muscle cells—this can lead to endothelial cell dysfunction, stiffness of the vessel wall and atherogenic changes in the vascular wall. Endothelial dysfunction is indeed considered a spectrum of phenotypic states. Nitric oxide (NO)-mediated endothelium-dependent dilation in response to blood flow or pharmacological stimuli is an important physiological indicator of endothelial function.
Cardiovascular (CV) disease prevention strategies in 2021 remain a major healthcare issue. Physical activity, healthy diet and therapeutic approaches aiming at improving endothelial function will contribute to the prevention of CV adverse events. Novel nutraceutical compounds able to decrease inflammation and oxidative stress and enhance NO bioavailability are considered a possible complementary strategy to promote optimal endothelial health. In addition, the inclusion of novel risk biomarkers may improve CV risk prediction in clinical practice. Furthermore, new imaging technologies such as molecular imaging for inflammation and metabolism provide new tools and may play a key role in the future.
This Special Issue on vascular dysfunction aims to present research and review papers that may bring novelty to the field and highlight the importance of preventive medicine in cardiovascular medicine.
Dr. Cristina M. Sena
Guest Editor
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Keywords
- Vascular dysfunction
- oxidative stress
- inflammation
- aging
- non-communicable diseases
- novel therapeutic approaches
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